GRE单词归纳复习

1、为了方便同学们的单词归纳复习，考研辅导老师现对常见近义词进行归纳讲解。1、blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示"错误"。blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也指智力或道义上的错误。The accident was the result of

2、human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破

3、碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crispbiscuit松脆的饼干The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学

4、生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。3、boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge "边界"意思。boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。The fence m

5、arks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。We crossed the Mexican border into the USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。The American West was still a frontier a c

6、entury ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。verge n. (道路、花坛等长草的)边缘，引申"某事即将发生之际"。on the verge of war战争爆发之际4、brief, concise, curt, succinct都有"简短的"意思。brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短

7、但却不失全面"的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。He asked his boss a question, but got a curt rep

8、ly , "I have no time for you now!"他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。succinct summary of the argument论点的概要5、bush, shrub, jungle这一组词均与树木有关。bush n.矮树丛。shrub n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。6、certify, rectify, testify, verify形近易混词

9、。certify v.证明，声称是真的。He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed myst

10、eriously.其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。7、compel, constrain, force, oblige都有"强迫"的意思。compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事；有时也表示"别无办法，不得不做"。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息

11、。constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige

12、 v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。8、complaint, disorder这两个词都有"疾病"的意思。complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不满。a heart complaint心脏病disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡)；骚乱，动乱；混乱，杂乱。a disorder of the digestive system消

13、化系统疾病9、complement, supplement，append"补充"complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。append n.附加，

14、添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。10、component, element, factor, ingredient"组成成分"component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定的人或群体，分子。The elements

15、 hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些

16、原料。11、comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include这一组动词都有"组成，包含"的意思。comprise v.包含，包括，由组成(整体)；组成，构成。Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and

17、 parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。consist v.组成，构成,由组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。include v.包

18、括，包含，把列入。The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。12、concentrate, focus都有"集中"的意思。concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。focus v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的

19、东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。13、confinement, limitation, restraint"限制，局限"confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。That employee has limitations on what wo

20、rk he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制，抑制；约束措施。Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。14、considerable, considerate这是一对形近易混的形容词。considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。co

21、nsiderate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。15、conserve, preserve, reserve都有"保存"的意思。conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止

22、(食物)腐败(使不受破坏)。The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。54、continual, continuous, constant, incessant这一组形容词都有"不断的，不停的"的意思。continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。That dog&

23、#39;s barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有

24、停顿。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。16、convert, invert, revert, transform都有"转变"的意思。convert v.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.

25、婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。17、credible, credulous, plausible都有"可信的"意思。credible a.可信的，可靠的。That the student told the teacher a