初中英语 现在完成时 仁爱版

1、现在完成时 接触一：肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。如： we have just finished our homework she has gone home 注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。 接触二：疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如： have you read this story book yet？特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构

2、如下： what have you done with my bike? you've read this story book, haven't you?注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“过吗？”、“已经了吗？”等。3）其肯定回答用“yes，have（has）”，否定回答用“no，haven't（hasn't）”，有时用“no，not yet”或“no，never”。接触三：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）过去分词”。如： we haven

3、9;t studied unit 2 yet the train hasn't stopped yet注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。现在完成时巩固练习（一）i. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. i_never_（speak）to a foreigner 2. _tom_（return）the library book？ yes，he has    when_he_（return）it？ half an hour ago ii. 按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。 1. he has found nothing in the

4、 room（改为一般疑问句）      _he found_in the  room？ 2. i have already finished the work（改为否定句）   i_finished the work_. 3. she has got a notebook （对划线部分提问）     _ _she got？ 4. they've never learned japanese,_ _（改为反意疑问句） 接触四：用法之一：现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如

5、： have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） i have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： i have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 he has

6、 just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 have you ever sung this english song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ they haven't started yet他们还没有动身。 we have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。接触五：用法之二 :表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 注：这一用法即现在完成进行时的用法因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have 等；使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不

7、同： for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间，如for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：we have known each other since we went to college. 非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些

8、非延续性动词，如:comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, begin / startbe on, stop be over，buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, joinbe a member of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep, fall ill be ill等。 句型it

9、is the first （second, third.) time that.的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如：it is the first time that i have been here. 接触六：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：the plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。）the plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在

10、过去。）接触七：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 they have been in canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： i've ju

11、st been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 have you ever been to hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ mary has never been to the great wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： i've been to beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 they have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地

12、去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： where is tom? 汤姆在哪里？ he has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。现在完成时巩固练习（二）下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. so far we learned about six hundred english words 2. i've been in australia twice.3. have you had your lunch？ no yet 接触八：常用于现在完成时的时间状语 除了我们讲过的already,

13、 yet, still，just, ever, never, since短语和 for短语外，还有许多时间状语常用于现在完成时，我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来： 1. lately, recently是完成时的时间状语；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是过去时的时间状语。如： have you heard from your family lately/recently? did you see joan just now? 2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，常用于完成时中；in the past意思是“在过去”，常用于

14、过去时中。 如： great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. where did you work in the past? 3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成时，而后两者常用于过去时。如： she's lived here ever since then. i didn't hear of jim from then on/after that. 4. before 通常用于完成时；.ago

15、通常用于过去时。如： i have never been to japan before. she went to japan two years ago. 5. so far“到目前为止”， these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如： so far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. what have you done these days?接触八：过去分词有规则与不规则两种。规则的变化形式与动词的过去式一样。不规则就需要记忆了不规则动词过去式和过去分词a. 原型：过去式和过去分词完全不同drink-drank-

16、drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung sink-sank-sunk blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-knownfly-flew-flown take-took-taken shake-shook-shaken drive-drove-drivenwrite-wrote-written rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridde n speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken wake-wok

17、e-woken freeze-froze-frozen forget-forgot-forgotten choose-chose-chosen draw-drew-drawn eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden do-did-done see-saw-seenb. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught sell-sol

18、d-soldtell-told-told say-said-said pay-paid-paid send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spentburn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt sleep-slept-slept sweep-slept-slept leave-left-left build-built-built lose-lost-lost get-got-got meet-met-metsit-sat-

19、sat shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led spit-spat-spat have-had-had hold-held-heldmake-made-made stand-stood-stood hear-heard-heard find-found-found dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shoneunderstand-understood-understood win-won-won c.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomed.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cast-cast

20、-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit 第二种形式理解 现在完成时现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时的用法1） 表示结果的现在完成时 现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。i have bought a pen. 我买了一支笔。   (结果：i have a pen now.)

21、the temperature has increased by 10. 温度上升了10摄氏度。     (结果：it is quite hot now.)air pollution has taken the lives of many people. 空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。     (结果：air pollution is very serious now.)与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语不确定的过去时间状语：already, yet, before, recently, lately等。i

22、've seen the film before. 我以前看过这部电影。have you been there lately? 近来你去过那里吗？包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等。i have just finished the letter now.  我现在刚写完信。you have just missed the bus. 你刚好错过公共汽车。has he done much work today? 他今天做了很多工作吗？2)表示经历的现在完成时:调过去某一时刻到说话时

23、这段时间中的经历。have you ever been to the great wall? 你去过长城吗？i have visited beijing at least ten times 北京我至少访问过十次了。she has never spent a holiday at the seaside. 她从未到海滨度过假。3)表示延续的现在完成时:这一用法就是现在完成进行时的用法是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。he has loved fishing for a long time. 他爱好钓鱼为时已久。  &

24、#160; (他现在仍爱好钓鱼)i have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在这儿住了三十多年了。     (也许还会继续住下去)与现在完成时"未完成"用法连用的时间状语与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。since + 具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始。since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。he hasn't been home since he

25、 graduated. 他毕业后就没回过家。for + 一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久。we have worked here for ages. 我们在这里工作很久了。there has been no rain here for nearly two months. 这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment，到目前为止。i have not seen him so far. 到目前为止我没见过他。up to the present, everything has been ok. 到目前为止一切正常。i

26、n/during the past/last five years, 在刚刚过去的5年里。he has been away from school during the last two weeks.in the past few years they have finished several projects. all the while, all day 一直，一整天。she has been busy all day. 她忙了一整天。 过去的两个星期里他没在学校。现在完成时和一般过去时的比较两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响， 而后者则只是表示过去有这一

27、动作的事实。he locked the door. 他锁过门 (但现在门是开是锁不清楚。)he has locked the door.   他把门锁上了。 (现在门是锁着的。)who turned on the light? 谁开的灯？     (着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。)who has turned on the light? 谁把灯打开了？     (着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。) 两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过

28、去时则说明该动作现已终止。he has lived in beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。     (现在仍住那儿。)he lived in beijing for four years.他曾在北京住了四年。     (现在不住那儿了。)现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense一、 基本概念 1 定义：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 常和all this time, this week, this month,

29、all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。2 构成：have/has + been + 动词的现在分词（v-ing）3基本句型： 肯定式 疑问式 简略回答 1) i have been working. have you been working? yes, i/we have. no, i/we haven´t. 2) he/she/it has been working. has he/she/it been working? yes, he/she/it has. no, he/she/it hasn&#

30、180;t. 3) we/you/they have been working. have they been working? yes, they have. no, they haven´t. 注： 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构二、 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 在与表示一段时间的状语(for,since短语)连用时，两种时态可以互换使用i have been studying english for over two years= i have studying english for over two years但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时。在不用表示一段时间的状语的情况下，现在完成进行时和现在完成时不可以随便互换使用：（1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，现在完成时往往没有。试比较： they have been widening the road（a） they have widened the road（b）（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。 （2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现