热能动力类专业英语重点归纳-英语老师李艳

1、汉译英大坝dam水轮机turbine or a hydraulic turbine调压井suger tanks变压器transformation核能nuclear power水斗叶片bucket叶片，轮叶vane喷射器，喷嘴injector转轮runner喷嘴nozzle喷针needle折向器deflector调速器governor气蚀，空化空蚀cavitation围堰coffer dam水头head功率power闸门gate阀门valve流量flow转速revolving speed压力钢管penstock速度velocity容量capacity电枢armature母线busbars有功功率

2、real power无功功率reactive power整流器commutator集电环slipring碳刷brushes定子stator转子rotor磁极pole继电器relay断路器break中控室control room水锤water hammer伺服电机servomotor低电压low-tension高电压high-tension自动automatic手动manual变电站substation调频regulationAGC automatic generation controlAVC automatic voltage controlRTU remote terminal units

3、DCS distributed control System英译汉Spillways溢洪道，泄洪道Open flumes 开敞水槽Canal渠道Tunnel隧洞Similarity laws相似理论Model turbine efficiency模型水轮机效率Prototype turbine efficiency原型水路机效率Model turbine diameter模型水轮机直径Prototype turbine diameter原型水轮机直径Hill curves效率曲线Rated output power额定出力Rated power额定功率Synchronous generator

4、s同步发电机Induction generator异步发电机，感应发电机Alternating current交流电Direct current直流电Excitation current励磁电流Auxiliary generators测速发电机Salient-pole凸级Copper losses铜耗Core losses铁芯损耗Friction and windage losses 摩擦风阻损失The generation voltage 发电机出口电压Transmission voltage 传输电压Three-phase transformation三相变压器Lagging curren

5、t滞后电流Leading current超前电流Air gap空气间隙Three-phase alternator三相交流发电机Three-phase stator winding三相定子绕组Exciting coil 励磁线圈Alternator terminals交流发电机终端Main exciter 主励磁机Auxiliary equipment辅助设备Governor oil pumps调速器油泵Air compressors空气压缩机Surface powerhouse地面厂房Layout of a power station发电厂平面图Section of a power stat

6、ion发电厂立面图Trash rack slot 拦污栅Service valve slot检修阀门Gantry crane龙门起重机Ground wire接地线，避雷线Amplifying devices放大装置Hydraulic-mechanical governor机械液压型调速器Electro-hydraulic type governor电气液压型调速器Electro-hydraulic type governor电气液压型调速器Digital governor数字型调速器Control error控制误差Spinning reserve热备用Regulations reserve调

7、频备用Processing modes控制模式Master station主站Operation consoles运行操作台Local control level现地控制层Remote control level 远程控制层英汉配对1、Hydraulic turbine水轮机Impulse turbine冲击式水轮机Velocity turbine流速式水轮机Reaction turbine反击式水轮机Pressure turbine压力式水轮机2、Head race引水渠Tail race尾水渠Inlet进水口Conduit管道，水道Storage reservoir蓄水库Tail wate

8、r pool尾水池Head water pool前池3、Bucket水斗叶片Nozzle喷嘴Vane叶片，轮叶4、Earthfill dam土坝Rockfill dam堆石坝Gravity dam重力坝Arch dam拱坝，拱形坝Buttress dam支墩坝Spillways溢洪道，泄洪道5、The spherical valve球阀The butterfly valve蝶阀The needle valve针型阀Tube valve管阀Hollow jet valve 空心射流卸荷阀Conical dispersion valve锥形分散阀Dispersers分散器6、Vertical li

9、ft gates垂直提升式闸门The sliding gates滑动式闸门The fix-wheel gates固定轮闸门Radial gates弧形闸门Cylindrical gates圆筒形闸门Draft tube gates尾水管闸门7、supporting frame支架Shaft that transmits the rotating motion of the turbine轴Exciter励磁机Assembly of the built-up rotor转子组合装配Rotor poles转子磁极Collector rings and brushes or solid-state

10、rectifiers集电环和碳刷或者整流二极管Stator and its component coils定子线圈Stator coil supports定子线圈支架Air cooler空气冷却器Thrust bearing for vertical shaft machines推力轴承Brake刹车翻译句子1. the dimensions of a main powerhouse refer to its length,width and height.主厂房的尺寸包括长宽高2. Besides the water passageways and electric system,oil s

11、ystem,water supply system,drainage system,air system,and facilities for lighting,ventilating,heating or air-conditioning,fire-protecting and so on are provided in order to ensure the erection,maintenance and normal operation of the powerhouse.除了引水系统和电气系统，还提供油系统，供水系统、气系统、照明、通风、制热制冷系统、消防等，用来确保厂房的安装、维护

12、和正常运行。3. Two types of oil are used in a power plant,motor oil and insulaing oil.电厂使用两种油：汽轮机油和绝缘油4. A power plant complex usually consists of four parts:the main powerhouse,the auxiliary plant,the transforms yard,and the switch station.发电厂一般由四部分组成：主厂房、辅助厂房、变压器室和开关站。5. Distributor assemblies consistin

13、g of spiral cases,head cover,bottom ring,and wicket gate are used to control the amount and direction of the water entering into the rotating turbine.导水机构安装由蜗壳、顶盖、底环和用来控制进入旋转转轮中水的流量和流向的活动导叶组成。6. After the adjustment to the reservoir,navigation conditions both upstream and downstream on the Yangtze R

14、iver will have been greatly improved in those seasons when water levels have been low.对水库调整后，长江上下游枯水季航运条件会得到较大改善。7. hydroplants may be classified on the basis of hydraulic characteristics as follow:run-off river plants,storage plants,pumped storage plants tidal plants.根据水利特性把水力发电站分为下列几种：径流式电站、蓄水式电站、

15、抽水蓄能式电站，潮汐电站。8. during peak hours,the water flows from the reservoir to the turbine and electricity is generated.during off-peak hours,the excess power is available from other plant,and is utilized for pumping water from the tail pool to the head pool,this minor plant thus supplements the power of a

16、nother major plant.in such a scheme,the same water is utilized again and again and no water is wasted.在峰荷期间，水从水库流入水轮机而产生电能。在非峰荷期间，利用其他电站的剩余电能，从尾水池抽水到前池，因而这个较小的电站能为另一个较大的电站补充电能。在这样的系统中，同样的水量被一次又一次的重复利用，而没有被浪费。9. although the energy delivered to impulse turbine is all kinetic,while the reaction turbin

17、e utilizes pressure energy as well as kinetic energy,the action of both turbine depends on a change in the momentum of the water so that dynamic force is exerted on the rotaing element,or runner.虽然传输到冲击式水轮机的能量都是动能，而反击式水轮机利用的能力是压能和动能，但是这两种类型的水轮机能力都是靠水的动量变化的动力作用于旋转的转子产生的。10. the water being under pres

18、sure,the entire flow from head race to tail race takes place in a closed conduit system and the atmospheric air has no access at any point.水在水头压力作用下，在饮水管到尾水管形成的水流处于一个完全封闭的管路系统，连一丝空气也无法跑出。11. the basic components of generators as used with hydraulic turbines are supporting frame,shaft that transmits

19、the rotating motion of the turbine,exciter,assembly of the built-up rotor,rotor poles,collector rings and brushes or soild-state rectifiers,stator and its component coils supports,air cooler,trust bearing for vertical shaft machines,brake.水轮发电机的基本组成是：上支架、发电机轴、励磁机、转子支架、转子磁极、集电环和碳刷或者固态整流器、定子线圈、定子线圈支架、

20、空气冷却器、推力轴承、制动器。12. powerhouses may be divided into three types on the basis of constructional characters:diversion powerhouse,powerhouse at the toe of the dam,block type powerhouse in the river channel.根据基本结构特性厂房可以被分为三种类型：引水式、坝后式、河床式。13. the main components of hydropower plant are:the dam,the water-

21、conduit system,the powerhouse,the tail-water system,the switchyard and transmissons lines.水电站主要组成有：大坝，引水系统，厂房，尾水系统，开关站和输电线路。14. hydraulic turbines are machines which convert water energy into mechanical energy.水轮机是将水能转化成机械能的机器。15. a distribution reservoir is a small storage reservoir constructed wit

22、hin a city water supply system.such a reservoir can be filled by pumping water at a certain rate and can be used to supply water even at rates higher than the inflow rate during periods of maximum demands(called critical periods of demand).such reservoirs are,therefore,helpful in permitting the pump

23、s or water treatment plants to work at a uniform rate,and they store water during the hours of no demand or less demand and supply water from their “storage”during the critical periods of maximum demand.配水水库是小型蓄水水库，建在城市供水系统内。这样的水库按一定的流量用抽水方式注满，在需水量最大的时期，它的供水量甚至大于水库的入流量。因此，这样的水库可以使水泵或水处理厂以均匀的流量进行工作，在

24、不用或很少用水的时期，配水水库就蓄存水量：在最大蓄水临界期，它就从“仓库”里供水。16.a dam must be relatively impervious to water and capable of resisting the forces acting on it.the most important of these forces are gravity,hydrostatic pressure,uplift,ice pressure,and earthquake forces.these forces are transmitted to the foundation and a

25、butments of the dam,which react against the dam with an equal and opposite forces,the foundation reaction,the effect of hydrostatic pressure caused by sediment deposits in the reservoir and of dynamic forces by water flowing over the dam may require consideration in special cases.坝必须是相对不透水的，并能经受的住作用

26、在上面的各种力。这些作用中最重要的是重力、静水压力、扬压力、冰压力及地震力。这些力传给坝基和坝座，而坝基对坝体产生一个大小相等方向相反的基础反力。某些特殊情况下还要考虑水库中沉积引起的静水压力的影响以及坝顶溢流所产生的动力作用。17.in addition,there has been considerable research into the cause and prevention of cavitation,which allows the advantages of higher specific speeds to be obtained at higher heads than

27、formerly were considered advisable.the net effect of this progress with larger units,higher specific speed,and simplification and improvements in design has been to retain for the hydraulic turbine the important place which it has long held at one of the most important prime movers.此外，对于空蚀的起因和预防也做了大

28、量的研究，从中取得的好处是能在高于以前认为合适的水头条件下，获得更高的比转速。这些进步（包括更大的机组，更高的比转速，以及设计上的简化和改进）的实际效果，以使水轮机赢得了长期作为最重要的原动力之一的重要地位。Hydraulic turbines may be grouped in two general classes:the impulse type which utilizes the kinetic energy of a high-velocity jet which acts upon only a small part of the circumference at any ins

29、tant,and the reaction type which develops power from the combined action of pressure and velocity of the water that completely fills the runner and water passages.the reaction group is divided into two general types:the Francis,sometimes called the reaction type.the propeller class is also further s

30、ubdivided into the fixed-blade propeller type,and the adjustable-blade type of which the Kaplan is representative.水轮机可以归纳为两种基本类型：冲击式水轮机它利用高速射流在任一时刻冲击水轮机外圆一小部分时所产生的动能：反击式水轮机它利用充满在转轮和饮水系统中水的压力和流速联合作用获得的动力。反击式系列又分成两种通用的形式：混流式和轴流式。轴流式又进一步再分为轴流定桨式和以卡普兰式代表的轴流转桨式水轮机。18.with the impulse wheel the potential

31、energy of the water in the penstock is transformed into kinetic energy in a jet issuing from the orifice of a nozzle.this jet dichange freely into the atmosphere inside the wheel housing and strikes against the bowl-shaped buckets of the runner.At each revolution the bucket enters,passes through,and passes out of the jet,during which time it receives the full impact force of the jet.this produces a rapid hammer blow upon the bucket.at the same time the bucket is subjected to the centrifugal force tending to separate the bucket from its disk.on account of the stresses to produced and also the