高三英语语法复习资料整理

1、高三英语语法复习资料 全套 名 词 篇纵观高考试题,试题中出现的考点主要有:名词的复数形式;不 可数名词的辨认; 抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词; 名词 作定语;双重所有格;名词前多个形容词排列。一 、 名词可数与不可数及修饰词:常 考 的 抽 象 名 词有 :advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (wor

2、d, money注意:another 不能修饰不可数名词,可说 another book,不可说 another news。二 、 复合名词的复数形式因词而异:1. a man driver (men drivers a woman doctor ( women doctors2. a film-goer (film-goers 电影爱好者3. a looker-on (lookers-on 旁观者 passers-by4. a grown-up (grown-ups 成年人三 、 部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义:goods, looks(表情、外貌 , times, interests, w

3、orks, glasses, hairs (头发 , drinks(饮料 , manners, papers, greens(青菜、蔬菜 , irons (熨斗 , forces(军队 , sands(沙滩 , arms, airs(做作的 样子、架子 put on airse.g. 1. His mother wants to buy some greens in the market. She is dressed in green.2. Her grandfather can not read without glasses.In fact her necklace was made o

4、f glass.3. Wood can be made into paper.Its polite for the students to help the teacher collect or hand out papers.4. It takes a lot of work to build a house.A new chemical works will be set up here.5. The city is in great need of our goods. How good of you to come and help us!6. Put down your arms,

5、or well fire. She carried a box under her arm.7. What does this French word mean?Only by this means can we learn English well.8. Dont put on airs before us. He likes going out for fresh air.9. She takes no interest in politics.We should not live only for our own interests.四 、 几个容易误用的名词的单复数:1. 单复数相同:

6、sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works2. 只有复数:cattle, people3. 常以复数形式出现:trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains(遗 物 , contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations (准备 , tears, repairs, regards, games(运动会 4. 以 s 结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数:politics, maths, physics, the United Stat

7、es, The United Nations 五 、 几组易错名词的用法:1. many a + 单数名词 = many + 复数名词2. 集合名词:family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party作主语时,若看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;若表示组成分 子,则用复数。e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner.My family is / are going to have a long journey.3. po

8、pulation:1作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词,谓语 用单数。2 问 “多少人口” 时, 不说 how many或 how much, 而用 what 。3在谈到“人口比多”时,常用 large , great ; “人口少” 时,常用 small ,而不用 much , many 或 little 。4当谈及“有人口”时, 习惯上用 have a population of。5当“百分数 /分数 + of the population”作主语时,谓语用复数。6表示某个地区人口时,其前应有定冠词。7 population 不能与 people 连用。e.g. The pop

9、ulation in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.The city has a population of the million.六 、 表示“许多”的词组:1. 代替 many ,修饰可数名词的有:a great number of, a large number of, a good number of, a great many, many a2. 代替 much ,修饰不可数名词的有:a great deal of3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有:a lot of, lots of,

10、 plenty of, a large / great / good quantity of, large quantities ofe.g. The teacher gave us a large number of examples.七 、 用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示其全家人或夫妇两人: the Smiths八 、 名词的双重所有格的用法:1. 只能用于指人的名词 a friend of my sister s2. 前一名词必须泛指或有 this , that , those , another , some , every , several , such , any , whic

11、h , what 修饰或限制,或前面有数词。 九 、 名词前多个形容词的排列顺序:描绘性 +大小 /新旧 /年龄 /温度 /形式 +颜色 /形状 +起源 /出处 +材料 /目的分类e.g. a pretty little American girl an old stone bridgea small round pine table the dirty old green coat十 、 名词用来作定语,修饰名词:有生命的多用 s 或 s 的所有格,无生命的多用 of 短语。一个名词直接做定语修饰另一个名词,往往属于固定的搭配。 telephone number, school educat

12、ion, air pollution, research work, bus driver, coffee cup, sports meet, village people十一 、 表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事, 表示变化了的词义,这一类抽象名词已完全名词化变为可数名 词:1. in surprise / a surprise2. with pleasure / a pleasure3. have pity on sb. / It s a pity. ( What a pity.4. a man with experience / an experience5. light

13、(光 / a light(灯6. have difficulty in doing sth. / meet with many difficulties7. failure ( success 8. danger(危险 / a danger(危险物十二、常用名词辨异:1. accident / incident:accident 常指不幸的, 预料不到的, 突发性的意外事件, 如灾祸、 灾难等;还常与 by 连用, by accident 偶然类似 : come across, happen to do, chance to do, by chancee.g. He had met with

14、an accident on the way. This is why he was latefor the meeting.incident 指不重要的小事或引起公众注意的事件;也指事变、 战争等。e.g. My father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school.2. affair / business / matteraffair 的单数形式作“事情、事件”解,复数形式作“事务、业 务”解,用指国内、国际的事务。business 作“生意” “行业” ,没有复数形式。matter 作“事情、东西

15、、问题”解,通常指必须考虑和处理的事 情。另外:1 the matter麻烦事2 v. 主要用于否定句、疑问句,表示“要紧,有重大关 系”3 no matter , as a matter of fact4 matter 物质3. clothes / cloth / clothing / dressclothes 统指衣服, 不能与数词连用, 但可以说 many (a few, those , my clothes ,说“一套衣服”可以表达为“ a suit of clothes” ,其后的谓语动词 用复数形式。cloth 指做衣服的衣料,是不可数名词,但用于特殊用途的布, 如“台布” “抹布

16、”等是可数名词,复数形式为 clothes 。clothing 指衣服、服装的总称,是集合名词,没有复数形式。 一件衣服 a piece of clothing / an article of clothing,不能说 a suit of clothingdress 指穿在外面的衣服,尤指在社交场合的衣服,可数名词。 4. fun / jokefun 和 joke 都有“开玩笑”的意思, fun 是不可数名词,而 joke 可用做动词,表示“开玩笑” ,而 fun 不能用作动词。同某人开玩笑:make fun of, play a joke / jokes on sb.make a joke

17、/ jokes about sb. / sth.5. e moment (that / for the momentin a moment“ 一会儿后” , 指从现在往后的一段时间, 也可指 “很 短的一段时间内” 。after a moment“一会儿后” ,用于过去或将来的某时起往后一段 时间。for a moment作一段时间解时,指“很短暂的一整段时间” 。 at the moment“当时” “目前” (= at this moment, thenthe moment that表示“一就” for the moment暂时、 目前6. pay / wage / salarypay 是

18、不可数名词,是个常用词,可替代其他两个词。salary 是可数名词、不可数名词,按月、季或年发给的工资,一 般指脑力劳动者的工资。wage (常用复数 ,一般指体力劳动者的工资,按日或星期来计 算的。7. strength / force / energy / powerstrength 常指固有的潜在力量,指人时,着重力气。force 主要指自然界的力量,如暴力、势力、军事力量等。 energy 主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”power 主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。十三、 Repeat:1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done

19、the job better with less money and fewer people.2. Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent there to keep order.3. We have worked out the plan and now put it into practice.4. He is going camping with two other little boys.5. We ve missed the last bus. I m afraid we have no choice but t

20、o take a taxi.6. He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.7. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a message.8. You ll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.代 词 篇一、 it 的用法:1. 代替指示代词 this 或 that2. 用作人称代词3. 表示时间、天气、距离等4. 引导词,在句中充当形式主语或形式宾

21、语1 It seems that Sb. seems to do / to be doing / to have done2 It appears that Sb. appears to do / to be doing / to have done3 It happens that Sb. happens to do / to be doing / to have done4 It is no use / useless / no good doing sth.5 It is said / reported / believed that 6 It has been proved that

22、事实证明7 It is + adj. + for sb. / of sb. to do sth.8 It is a pity that 9 It is certain that 10 It is time ( that (虚拟语气11 It is necessary that (虚拟语气12 Sb. + v. + it + n. / adj. + to do sth. / doing sth. / thatfeel it an honour to domake it clear to sb. to dofind it no use doing13 It is / was + 被强调的部分 +

23、that / who 14 It was ( not / will ( not long ( hours before 15 It is not until that Not until 16 It takes sb. some time to do sth.二、反身代词:come to oneself(苏醒 / be not oneself(身体不舒服 congratulate oneself on(暗自庆幸enjoy oneselfexpress oneself(表达devote oneself to(致力于dress oneself(穿衣find oneself(发觉自己在help on

24、eself to(随便吃hide oneself(躲藏keep sth. to oneself(保守秘密make oneself at home(不要拘束,就像在自己家里一样 make oneself + p.p.seat oneself三、替代词 so 的用法:1. So do I. 后者与前者相同,两个不同的主语。2. So I do. 重复前面的内容,同一个主语。3. I do so. 指代前面的内容。4. So it is with 如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子,而且里面 包含不同的人称、 数或时态等时, so 可以替代从句中的 that 宾语 从句下面的动词,多用此种替代方法。5.

25、 常用结构:I m afraid so. I m afraid not.I think so. I don t think so.I believe so. I believe not.I hope so. I hope not.I suppose / fear / imagine so. I suppose / fear / imagine not. I have been told so.四、 such 与 so 的不同用法:1. such置于冠词之前, 但常用在 some / any / every / many / all / no之后。such an interesting book

26、 so interesting a bookno such thing / one such animal2. such + adj. +不可数名词 /名词的复数形式3. so many / few / much / little +可数 /不可数名词so many people / so little money / such a little girl4. such用于特殊结构 Such is our study plan.5. so that(目的 /结果 in case(没有 such thatsuch as五、常用代词辨异:1. one, ones, that, those, it

27、one 与 ones 可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词, one 指单数, ones 指复数。 one 与 ones 既可指人也可指物, ones 不可单独使用, 也不可用 those , these 直接修饰, 但可用 the 修饰, 或 these + adj. + ones。 one 可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组,而 ones 不能。 one 不能加不定冠词,除非中间有形容词。 one 可单独使用,作“任何人”解。 that 与 those , that 代替前面提到过的不可数名词, those 代替 前面提到过的复数名词。 That , those 后面跟定语从句时,关系 代词不

28、能用 that 。 one 和 it 都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。 one 代替这 类东西的任何一个, it 代替前面所指的特定的东西。2. no one, none no one = nobody,只指人,不指物,谓语动词用单数。 no one 没有固定范围,故其后不接 of 短语。 none 可接 of 短语。No one, nobody 用于简略回答时,不能用来对“ How many”或 “ How much”做否定回答。e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one. none 表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一

29、个” 或“任何一个都不” 。表示不可数名词时,谓语用单数;表示可 数名词时,单复数均可。 none 常用来对“ How many”或“ How much”做否定回 答,也可对 any + of 短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而 no one 用来回答“ Who ”引导的特殊疑问句。3. both, either, neither both 两者都, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。作形容词时,可直 接修饰名词,如有定冠词 the ,物主代词或指示代词修饰名词, 需置 both 之后。 both 指两个人或物,不可与单数名词或不可数 不清名词搭配,只与复数名词搭配。 either 两者中的任何一个,跟

30、谓语动词的单数。作形容词用, 只能和单数可数名词连用,作案不定代词时,可单独使用,也可 跟 of 短语。 neither 两者中无任何一个,用法同 either 。六、 Repeat:1. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.2. There are so many kinds of books on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.3. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,

31、but it didnt help.4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expressed it to be much better.5. They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.6. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.7. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.冠 词 篇一、 a 与 one 的对比1.

32、 尽管 a 和 one 这两个在意义上有些相似, 但它们几乎不能互换 使用。2. 在连续记数时,习惯上,用 one 而不用 a 。3. 在名词前使用 one 往往表示数量上的对比。4. 用在某些固定词组中。e.g. all of a sudden(突然 , as a matter of fact(事实上 , in a hurry, in a word, do sb. a favour, pay a visit to, a hand of(少量的 , a length of(一根、 一段 , a variety of(种种 , a depth of(深度为 ,an article of(一件 ,

33、 a total of(总共 , an average of(平均 , one by one, one after another, one day二、不定冠词的基本用法1. 具有泛指的概念,表示“一类”或“其中的一个” 。2. 初次提到某人或某物。3. 速度、比率、价格等,其意义相等于 one 或 every 。4. 用在某些物质名词前,该物质名词便具体化了。a coffee, a heavy rain5. 用在某些抽象名词前,该抽象名词前便具体化了。He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.6

34、. 用在专有名词前,表示类似的一个或某一个。He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you. 7. 表示“同一个”的意思。The two boys are of an age.These umbrellas are of a (=the same colour and size.8. 不定冠词的特殊位置:how/so/as/too+形容词 +不定冠词 +名词 so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book 三、定冠词的主要用法1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。2. 表示世

35、界上独一无二的事物。3. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。4. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。5. 用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。6. 用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。7. 用在姓氏的复数前,表示该夫妇俩或全家人。8. 乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。9. 用于某些缩略词之前。 the PRC10. 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。11. 固定搭配。 in the morning on the other hand四、不用冠词的几种情况1. 季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前,一般不加冠词。the Spring Festival (除外2. 名词前有物主代词、

36、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限 定词修饰时,一般不加冠词。3. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一 般不加。4. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前,一般不加冠词。5. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前,不加冠词。6. 在与 by 连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。 7. 在 turn , go (变成、成为变成后面的名词做短语时,名词前 不加冠词。但 become 后面的名词前一定要加冠词。8. 在一个以“普通名词 +as”所引导的让步状语从句中,该普通 名词前不加冠词。9. 泛指复数名词前不用冠词。10. 固定搭配。in debt, in good (bad health, i

37、n good condition, in great demand, in great need of, in time of danger, in office(就职 , in honour of, in trouble (difficulty, in favour of, with anger, in general, in size, in character(在性格上 , in sight, in (out of order, on business, on holiday, on leave, on watch, on fire, heart and soul, knife and

38、fork , at sea, husband and wife, brother and sister, from morning till night , on horseback五、特殊情况1. 部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来,名词 前无冠词,则表示抽象意义;名词前有冠词,则表示具体意义。 out of problem (不成问题 , out of the problem (不可能 , take place , take the place of, in hospital, in the hospital, at table, at the table , in front

39、 of, in the front of, three of us, the three of us, on earth, on the earth, of age(成年 , of an age(同岁数 , lose colour(脸 色苍白 , lose the colour(褪色 ,2. 有些词组中用定冠词 the 还是不定冠词 a ,意义不同。 a number of the number of3. 注意当单数可数名词被 so 、 as 、 how 、 too 等词修饰时,冠词 的位置要放在形容词后面。比较 such 。4. 注意习惯用法。在某些词组、成语中,名词前不用冠词。 六、表示类

40、别的三种情况1. 定冠词 +单数可数名词 (用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物 。2. 不定冠词 +单数可数名词(用“任意一个” “某一个”所具有 的特性、特征表示一类事物 。3. 可数名词复数或不可数名词,指“类别” 。 (考虑到同一类中 的各个情况 。介 词 篇一、 考点精析复习介词时要把握三点:1. 要注意理解情景意义:同一介词可表达多种意义,同 一场合意义不同则介词不同。2. 突破几个关键介词 in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for 。3. 注意介词搭配,集中归纳,反复练习。二、 常用介词基本用法1. at :主要表示方向、场所、时间

41、的某一点at the corner of the street, at dinner, at sixty miles an hour, be sold at three yuan a dozen, come at us固定搭配:at daybreak, at one time, at the beginning of, at the post office , at the airport, at dawn, at the weekend, at the age of 25, at the same time, at birth, at present, at any time, at a t

42、ime, at times, at the speed of , at a height of , at the latest表示原因,表示“见 /闻而” 。 at the news2. in :表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。be dressed in rags in English be sold in pairs主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century形成“ in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配in those days, in the daytime, in a short while, in no ti

43、me, in time介词 in 在短语或句型中的省略:1 某些形容词 /过去分词后接 v-ing 形式时, v-ing 形式前的 介词 in 可以省略。be busy (in doing be engaged (in doing (忙于2 某些动词如 busy 、 occupy 、 employ 等, 常与反身代词连 用,其后的 in 也可以省略。busy oneself (in doing occupy oneself (in doing3 某些动词如 spend 、 pass 、 waste 等与表示时间的名词连 用,后面的介词也可以省略。spend time (in doing was

44、te time (in doing4 在 have no difficulty in doing sth.、 have no trouble in doing sth. 、 have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。 5 在句型 There is no use (indoing sth.中,介词也可省略。 固定搭配:in the world, in (thefuture, in the snow /rain / storm, in ink, in short, in public, in return, in turn, in danger, in t

45、his way, in that case, in search of, in place of, in the air, in case, in common, in the hope of, in other words, in praise of, in silence, in space, in one s opinion, in modern times, in surprise, in a queue, in the open air3. on :主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方 面、表示某天。固定搭配:on doing sth., on the afternoon of

46、 October, on Tuesday evening , on foot, hit sb. on the head, on the right/ left, on fire, on duty, on sale, on the radio, on and on, on show, on earth, on average, on one s own注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用 at ,如圣诞节。 一般的节日名词前用 on 。4. by 主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。 固定搭配:by the village, be paid by the month, by oneself

47、, by chance, by foot(=on foot, by hand, learn by heart, by mistake, by accident, by force, year by year, side by side, stone by stone, by now / then5. for 主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长 度。固定搭配:make sth. for sb., for some reason or other,thank sb. for sth., for almost one year, for example,for the time being

48、, for sale, for free, for one thing, for nothing 6. of 表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的 材料。of 所有格表示的多种关系:1 从属关系:the wheel of the car2 局部 -整体关系:some of the water3 量化关系:a cup of tea4 描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授5 同位关系:the city of Beijing6 动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图7 主谓关系:the determination of the wor

49、kers(工人们的 决心固定搭配:be of much use, rob sb. of sth., be fond of, make fun of, be tired of, of one s own, instead of, run out of7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。固定搭配:rise to / by , to one s surprise / joy/ astonishment, to the east of, key to, come up to, add up to, be open to the public, to the point, thanks t

50、o, suit to , stick to, refer to三、 容易错、常考的介词及搭配1. be made of, be made from, be made into, be made in2. call on = visit, call for = go and pick up, call at one s house or office3. on business (出差 / strike(罢工 / duty(值日 / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒 / sale(出售 / leave(请 假 / guard(警戒4. have some

51、trouble / difficulty (in doing sth., have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.5. A is pleased to B, B is pleased with A(对感到满意6. be tired of, be tired from7. with the help of, under the leadership of8. by means of(使用 , by way of(经由 , by heart(记 住 , by the way9. out of question(毫无疑问 , out of the questi

52、on(毫不 可能10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.11. be thankful to sb. for sth.12. steal sth. from sb., rob sb. of sth.13. insist on doing sth., persist in doing sth., stick to, go on doing sth.14. set about doing sth., set out to do sth.15. look sb. in the face, hit sb. on the face, lead the c

53、ow by the nose16. do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour17. tell A from B四、 介词的惯用型1. above all(首先 , after all, at all(全然 , in all2. day after day, year after year, one after one, one after another3. at peace(和平 , at war(战争 , at times(时常 , at dinner4. by oneself, by all means(尽一切办法、 务必 , by chance, by

54、 accident,by no means(决不、并没有 , by means of(用、依靠 , by the way5. in her teens(十几岁 , in pain, in danger, in need6. to one s joy / sorrow / surprise7. with care(仔细地 , with joy / pleasure(高兴地 , with one s help,with the best wishes(致以我们良好的祝愿 , without difficulty(毫 不困难地 , without exception(毫不例外 , without d

55、elay(立即、 马上8. according to(依据 , along with(和一起 , as to (至于 , because of , except for (除之外 , instead of(代替9. out of order(不正常 , out of date, out of trouble(脱 离困境 , out of sight,out of debt(还清了债务 , out of touch(没有联系10. at the bottom of, at the centre of, at the end of, at the top of ,at the cost of(以为

56、代价 at the sight of, at the thought of, at a speed of11. in memory of(纪念 , in favour of(同意 , in the habit of (有习惯 , in touch with(与保持联系 , on the left of, on the eve of(在前夕12. from time to time(不时地 , from day to day(天天 , from hand to hand(一个传一个 , from side to side(左右地 , from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢地 , fro

57、m bad to worse(越来越差 , from beginning to end(从头到尾 , from hand to mouth(仅能糊 口 , from head to foot, from start to finish, from one to another 五、 掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法1 in +文字、语言、材料名词in English (ink, pencil, capital letters2 with +工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名 词with a branch, with ones nose, with pride, with satisfaction,with the help of, with one