新视野大学英语3第一课单词讲解分析

1、Lesson OneLove Without LimitationThe Interpretation of the Important CET-4 Words justice 英英dsts 美美dsts n. 司法，正义；法官 公平 ( Fairness) 正义正义 (Justice) 平等 (Equality) Justice is done 正义得到伸张正义得到伸张 法官法官 A MATTER OF JUSTICE A matter of Justice是由米歇尔斯维兹尔导演，帕蒂杜克、马丁辛、亚历桑德拉鲍尔斯主演的一部美国剧情电影。中文名：中文名：公正裁决公正裁决 JusticeJus

2、tice 正义正义 法官法官 法院法院 court of justicecourt of justice 司法部司法部 department of justice department of justice What is the “justice”? 正义则是公正的义理，包括正义则是公正的义理，包括社会正义、政社会正义、政治正义和法律正义等。治正义和法律正义等。 Social justice Political justice Legal justice We must We must holdhold to to the principles of the principles of ju

3、stice.justice. 我们必须我们必须信守信守正义的原则。正义的原则。 We tangledWe tangled（纠缠）（纠缠） heatedly over heatedly over the the justice of the war.justice of the war. 我们就我们就这场战争的正义这场战争的正义性激烈地争了起来。性激烈地争了起来。inseparableinseparable 英英 nsep(nsep()r)rb(b()l )l 美美 nsnsprprblbl adj. 数 不可分割的；不能分离的 n. 不可分离的事物；形影不离的朋友 He firmly beli

4、eves liberty He firmly believes liberty is is inseparable frominseparable from social justice. social justice. 他坚信自由与社会正义是不可分开的。 separate from 分离；把分离；把和和分开分开 分不开的分不开的;不可分离的不可分离的(+from) The two girls are inseparable friends. 这两个女孩是这两个女孩是形影不离形影不离的朋友。的朋友。 beneath beneath 英英bbnini 美美bbnini prep. 在之下 adv

5、. 在下方 WHAT LIES BENEATHWHAT LIES BENEATH 是由罗伯特赞米基斯导演拍摄的恐怖、悬念片。主演有哈里森福特，米歇尔菲佛，米兰达奥托等。 2000年7月21日在美国上映谎言背后谎言背后 1 1在下方在下方 The sun is now beneath the horizon. The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太阳此刻落到地平线下了。太阳此刻落到地平线下了。 2. (2. (地位等地位等) )低于低于; ;劣于劣于 He is beneath his brother He is beneath his brother int

6、ellectually. intellectually. 他在智力方面不如他兄弟。他在智力方面不如他兄弟。 3. 3. 对对.不适合不适合( (或不值得或不值得) ) He considered that job beneath him. He considered that job beneath him. 他认为做那个工作有失他的身份。他认为做那个工作有失他的身份。disguise disguise 英英ddsgasgaz z 美美ddsasazz vt. 掩饰；假装；隐瞒 n. 伪装；假装；用作伪装的东西 in disguise 伪装；乔装 塞翁失马焉知非福塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfor

7、tune might be a blessing Misfortune might be a blessing in disguisein disguise in the disguise of in the disguise of 伪装，假扮成；托辞；以为借口 TheThe thief greed entry to thethe building in in the disguise ofthe disguise of an inspector from thethe gas company. 小偷假扮成煤气公司的巡视员而得以进入大楼。 He soon, under thethe name

8、ofof Doricles and in in the disguise ofthe disguise of a private gentleman, became a constant visitor at thethe old shepherds house. 不久他就化名道里克尔斯扮成一个平民，经常到老牧人家来拜访。vacant vacant 英英vevek(k()nt )nt 美美vekvekntnt 空四级爆炸性四级爆炸性词汇词汇 1.空的空的;空白的空白的 By the end of the game, the stadium was almost vacant. 到比赛结束的时候

9、到比赛结束的时候,体育馆几乎空了。体育馆几乎空了。 2. 空着的空着的,未被占用的未被占用的 A vacant apartment in New York City is very difficult to find. 在纽约市内很难找到一所空的公寓住处。在纽约市内很难找到一所空的公寓住处。 3. (职位职位)空缺的空缺的 That position remains vacant. 那个职位仍旧空着。那个职位仍旧空着。 4. 空闲的空闲的,清闲的清闲的 That will leave plenty of hours vacant. 那样的话就有许多空闲时间了。那样的话就有许多空闲时间了。 5.

10、 (心灵心灵)空虚的空虚的;(神情神情)茫然的茫然的;心不在焉的心不在焉的;愚蠢的愚蠢的 She has a vacant look. 她脸上没有表情。她脸上没有表情。 vacant space 空舱位；未用空间空舱位；未用空间 vacant room 空房空房 vacant position 职位空缺；空座职位空缺；空座 vacant land 空地；闲置地空地；闲置地 vacant lot 空地空地 graspgrasp 英grsp 抓 1. 1. 抓牢抓牢; ;握紧握紧; ;抱住抱住The little girl grasped her mothers The little girl g

11、rasped her mothers arm. arm. 小女孩抓住了她母亲的手臂。小女孩抓住了她母亲的手臂。 2. 2. 领会领会, ,理解理解I dont grasp your meaning. I dont grasp your meaning. 我不懂你的意思。我不懂你的意思。 3. 3. 急切地抓住急切地抓住( (机会等机会等) ) grasp the overall situation grasp the overall situation 把握大局把握大局 long 英l 美l 1hope作“希望”解，主要用来表示主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。 可接不定式（短语）或that引导

12、的从句，但不可接“宾语+不定式”，即宾语补足语的结构，也称不定式的复合结构， 例如： We are hoping to see the president who will come to China. I hope that you can tell us the truth. We hope you to meet us at the station. (错误) long 英英l 美美l 2wish作“但愿、希望”解，表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。 可接不定式（短语）、双宾语、宾语+不定式的复合结构以及that从句，例如： I wish you to go to Beijing with

13、 me next year. Everyone wish (that) he could pass the English exam. We wish you success/ (to be) happy. I wish (that) I were a millionaire. 注意：表示实现愿望的可能性不大或根本不可能时，从句用虚拟语气。 3 3expectexpect作作“期待、期望期待、期望”解，侧重于相信或认解，侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。为有实现可能的愿望。 可接名词、不定式（短语）、不定式的复合结构，可接名词、不定式（短语）、不定式的复合结构， 例如：例如： I never

14、expected his coming/help. I never expected his coming/help. We expect to hear from Jane.We expect to hear from Jane. I expect you to give me a hand. He I expect you to give me a hand. He expected that he could get there on time.expected that he could get there on time. 4desire作“渴望、愿望”解，可以为名词或动词，表示强烈

15、的希望、渴望或要求，是比want更加正式的用语可以接名词、不定式、不定式的复合结构以及宾语从句，一般不用于进行时态、祈使句，例如：He desired information on this matter. We all desire peace and happiness. What do you desire me to do for you. He desired to win the game. My uncle desired that I (should) go to see him next month. desire可以作名词，表示“愿望、欲望、要求、请求、”时为不可数名词；表

16、示“所想要的东西”时为可数名词，但常用单数，作“情欲、性欲”时为不可数名词，例如： He had a strong desire to/for success. At last he got his desire - a pair of new trousers. long long :long long : 语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。 接动词不定式 She longed to be back in China. 她渴望回到中国。 渴望渴望+to-v(+for/after)+to-v(+for/after)He long

17、s for/after fame. He longs for/after fame. 他渴望成名。他渴望成名。 She longed to return home. She longed to return home. 她极想回家。她极想回家。 She longed for her husband to return She longed for her husband to return home. home. 她渴望丈夫早日归来。她渴望丈夫早日归来。 pledge pledge 英英pledpled 美美plpld d n. 保证，誓言誓言；抵押；抵押品，典当物 vt. 保证，发誓；用抵押

18、；举杯祝健康 pledge oneself 宣誓；保证 pledge of allegiance 效忠誓言 cash pledge 押金 promise 告诉某人你绝对会给他某样东西或某事一定会发生 pledge 面向公众正式的承诺你会做某样事 I have left the watch as pledgepledge for borrowed money. 我留下这块手表作为借款的抵押物。 He would keep his pledge keep his pledge toto the utmost of his power. 他将极力信守他的誓言。 faithful 英英fefl; -f

19、()l 美美fefl adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；如实的；准确可靠的 old faithful 追随者；忠实的支持者 Someone who is faithful to a person, organization, idea, or activity remains firm in their belief in them or support for them. She had been faithful tobeen faithful to her promise to guard this secret. 她一直信守承诺，保守着这个秘密 ( (对丈夫、妻子或恋人对丈夫、妻子或恋人) )

20、忠诚的，忠贞的忠诚的，忠贞的 Someone who is faithful tofaithful to their husband, wife, or lover does not have a sexual relationship with anyone else. She insisted that she had remained faithfulfaithful to her husband. 她坚持说自己对丈夫一直是忠诚的。 Im very faithfulfaithful when I love someone. 我爱一个人是会非常忠贞的。drain drain 英英dredr

21、en n 美美drendren vi. 排水；流干 vt. 喝光，耗尽；使流出；排掉水 n. 排水；下水道，排水管；消耗 根本意像 水流走啦！ brain drain 人才外流；智囊流失人才外流；智囊流失 floor drain 地漏；地面排水管；楼面排水地漏；地面排水管；楼面排水 drain off 渐渐枯竭；把渐渐枯竭；把排出去；排除排出去；排除 drain well 排泄井，排水井；污水井排泄井，排水井；污水井 Harry felt the color drain from his face. 亨利感到脸上没有了血色。 I began to suffer from headaches,

22、which left me feeling completely drained. 我开始感到头痛，它使我感到精疲力竭。exhaust exhaust 英英 gzgzst; eg- st; eg- 美美 zzstst vt. vt. 排出；耗尽；使精疲力尽；彻底探讨排出；耗尽；使精疲力尽；彻底探讨 vi. vi. 排气排气 n. n. 排气；废气；排气装置排气；废气；排气装置 exhaust gas exhaust gas 废气废气 exhaust system exhaust system 排气系统排气系统 exhaust emission exhaust emission 废气排放废气排放

23、 exhaust pipe exhaust pipe 排气管排气管 1. something exhausts you, it makes you so tired, either physically or mentally, that you have no energy left. 使精疲力竭使精疲力竭 例：Dont exhaust him. 别让他精疲力竭了。 exhausted 精疲力竭的 例：She was too exhausted and distressed to talk about the tragedy. 她太疲惫和忧伤了，不想谈论那场悲剧。 exhausting 使人

24、精疲力竭的 例：It was an exhausting schedule she had set herself. 这是她自己制订的一个让自己精疲力竭的行事计划。restrain restrain 英英rrstrestren n 美美rrstrenstren vt. 抑制，控制；约束；制止 restrain oneself 自制，约束自己 restrain from v. 抑制；制止；阻止去 They couldnt restrain their excitement. 他们无法抑制自己的激动。 She was so angry that she could hardly restrain

25、herself. 她气得几乎控制不了自己。 prevent from prevent from 阻止，制止；妨碍阻止，制止；妨碍 prevent and control pollution prevent and control pollution 防治污染；预防和控制污染防治污染；预防和控制污染 prohibit prohibit 英英prpr( ()h)hb bt t 美美prprhhb btt vt. vt. 阻止，禁止阻止，禁止 严禁严禁 strictly prohibitstrictly prohibit We We are prohibited fromare prohibited

26、 from drinking alcohol during drinking alcohol during working hours.working hours. 工作时间内我们不得喝酒。工作时间内我们不得喝酒。forbid 英英fbd 美美fbd vt. 禁止；妨碍，阻止 V-T If you forbid someone to do something, or if you forbid an activity, you order that it must not be done. 禁止 例：Theyll forbid you to marry. 他们会不许你结婚。 例：She was

27、 shut away and forbidden to read. 她被关起来不许读书。erect 英英rekt 美美rkt vt. 使竖立；建造；安装 adj. 竖立的；笔直的 盖(楼房)，建造(建筑物等)；建立；建设；架设： to erect a house 盖房 to erect a bridge 架桥 to erect a tent 支起帐篷 track down PHRASAL VERB If you track down someone or something, you find them, or find information about them, after a diff

28、icult or long search. (经过长时间艰难搜索后) 找到 例：She had spent years trying to track down her parents. 她已经花了多年试图找到她的父母。 1. 跟踪追捕： They have tracked down the spy. 他们已经追捕到那个间谍。 2. 对追查到底；(根据留下的线索)查线到；探索到 work out 解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂 If you work out a solution to a problem or mystery, you manage to find the solut

29、ion by thinking or talking about it. 找到找到 (解决办法等解决办法等) 例：Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise. 谈判者们预定在今天晚些时候会面以找到找到一个折中的办法。 例：It took me some time to work out what was causing this. 它花了我一些时间，找到找到导致这种状况的原因。 实行；实现；产生预期的结果： 例： I really think that this interesting scheme will work out. 我确实认为这个有趣的方案可能成功成功。 解决；找到的答案： 例： to work out a problem解决解决问题Call onCall on 1. PHRASAL