2019年高考真题完形填空和阅读中的熟词新义和长难句拦路虎解析(重点班尖子生必看)-文档资料

1、例5-【选文】2019年高考英语天津卷完形填空As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.【选文】2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读A例6Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and

2、 the previous version should be ignored.例7You accidentally reveal to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you d like to take.模拟It is important to keep in mind as you read that you are never alone.With more than 60,000 visitors to Venice

3、 each day, cruise ships that have made Venice tourists top destination bring one of the most significant dangers to the city, leading to tides that are further damaging the foundation of the Venetian structures.He also dismissed concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Thames, whil

4、e the commission sspokesmandenied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.2019 高考英语长难句-例 5As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.当我开始

5、执行自己的减肥计划时，我内心充满了恐惧。我害怕自己会被相同的困难打败。【结构分析】句子主干：I was filled with the fear.三个从句：As 引导的时间状语从句；that 引导的同位语从句( that I would run into the same difficulties that beatme before)解释说明fear,引导词that没有含义不作成分；that 引导的定语从句(that beat me before)修饰先行词difficulties ,关系代词that在从句中作主语。【翻译提示】此句中含定语从句的那个同位语从句是翻译难点。2019 高考英语长

6、难句-例 6Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.尽可能快地另写一封邮件，加一个简短的标题，发送出去。这个标题应该解释一下这封邮件是正确的版本，之前的版本可以忽略掉。【结构分析】句子主干：Write another email and send i。 t两个从句一个非谓语动词短语：as aSH导的比较X犬语从旬(as

7、 swiftly as you can)；一个非谓语动词短语(explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should beignored)作定语，修饰 title；其中包含一个 that引导的宾语从旬(that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored) that 不作成分，没有含义，只起连接作用。【翻译提示】当非谓语动词短语表达的含义较丰富时，为了避免句子冗长拖沓，可以独立出来翻译。2019 高考英

8、语真题长难句-例7You accidentally reveal to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you d like to take.第 2 页你无意间向整个公司透露，在员工圣诞晚餐上，你想吃什么菜，或者你想要度过什么假期。【结构分析】句子主干： You accidentally reveal 透露)to the entire company what 弓 I 导的两个并歹!J 的宾语从旬：what menu choi

9、ces you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, orwhat holiday you d like to take【翻译提示】注意句中or连接的两个并列成分。模拟It is important to keep in mind as you read that you are never alone.在读这本书的时候，你要记住你从不孤单，这点你要记住。With more than 60,000 visitors to Venice each day, cruise ships that have made Venice tourists t

10、op destination bring one of the most significant dangers to the city, leading to tides that are further damaging the foundation of the Venetian structures.每天载着6万游客涌入威尼斯，已经使得威尼斯成为游客首选景点的旅游舰船给这座城市带来最 严重的危险之一，同时导致正在更严重损坏威尼斯建筑物基础的潮流。He also dismissed concern in the media that parliament was slipping int

11、o the Thames, while the commission s spokesndenied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.【句式翻译】他还摒除了媒体对议会会滑落到泰晤士河的顾虑，而委员会的发言人则否认是宫殿周围 的墙受到严重的下沉，使得大本钟倾斜。【句式分析】 本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that parliament was slipping into the Thames作 co

12、ncern 的同位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from 作 denied 的宾语。【词语点拨】1) concern n.担心，忧虑vt.与一有关,涉及，影响；使担心Issues like food safety doconcern me.食品安全这类问题确实让我很担心。On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes greao ncern 总的说来，地球变暖现象引起了极大的忧虑。This chapter concernsitself wit

13、h the historical background.本章是关于历史背景的。They meet every summer to discuss major problems thaconcernthe whole world.每年夏天他们都这类问题确实让我担心。2)deny vt.否认，否定He denied taking money but we were sceptical.他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。I never deny that you re a great intellect.我从不否认你很有才智。3) suffer from v.经历,遭受He is suffering

14、from the loss of his old friend.他正遭受失去朋友的痛苦。【语法点拨】 本句中 that parliament was slipping into the Thames乍 concern 的同位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from 作denied的宾语；连词that引导同位语从句没有词义，不作 成分，不能省略；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略，但是句中若有两个并列的that从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that,也不可省H&第二个that.第2页高考英语科普阅读的方法与

15、实例一、考点描述科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材，每年高考都有所涉及。二、材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来 它有以下几个特点：1 .文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文 章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2 .句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常 会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3 .常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。4 .常使用双重否定句。三、命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义

16、猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。四、应对策略1 .要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累 常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2 .要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headlines),导语(Introductions),背景(Background),主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括， 但根据历年的高考真题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般 位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的

17、事实进行详细叙述。这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导 语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3 .在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应 符合基本的科普常识。题型 文体书信说明文记叙议论事实细节判断对错观点态度词义，句思推理判断主日人息长难句分析【选文】 2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读BThis photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who“ ruined ”a wall in m

18、y bedroom.Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.【选文】 2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读CThey would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in

19、crashes where liv might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “ death valley ” of autonomous vehicles: the grey between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.【选文】 2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读DUnlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, wait

20、ing for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因 ) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the w

21、orldwide food crisis.【选文】 2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读BThis photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who“ ruined ”a wall in my bedroom.这张照片，有着展现在眼前的独特的美，里面还有一个“破坏”了它的美的女人，现在就挂在我卧室的墙上。【结构分析】句子主干：This photo now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.两个从旬：that引导的定语从句(that unfolded before m 修饰先行词

22、beauty, that在从句中作主语； who引导的定语从句(who “ruined” it)修饰先行词woman, who在从句中作主语。【翻译提示】with 介词短语形成分隔现象，隔开了句子的主谓，同时介词短语中还包含两个定语从句，从而造成了理解上的难度。Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something tha is gre

23、ater than us.也许这就是照片的作用：提醒我们，我们都欣赏美，都有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求。【结构分析】句子主干： Perhaps this is一个非谓语动词短语：to remind us .至整句结尾，作目的状语。三个从旬：what弓I导的表语从何(what photos are foi) what在从句中作介词for的宾语；that 和that 引导的并列宾语从句；其中包含一个that 引导的定语从句(that is greater than us) that 指代不定彳t词something在从句中作主语。【翻译提示】英语注重简洁

24、，本句中三个介词 for短语，形成排比形式，作后置定语修饰desire,是理解难点。理解时要根据作者的思维意译。【选文】 2019年高考英语真题天津卷阅读CThey would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where liv might be lost.他们会规定在自动驾驶车辆中驾驶员的身份，并且管理这类汽车在可能会有生命丧失的撞车当中怎么表现。【结构分析】句子主干： They would define the driver s role in such ca

25、rs and govern 两个从句：how 弓 I 导的宾语从旬 (how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost 其中包含个 where 引导的定语从句(where lives might be lost) 修饰先行词 crashes where指代先行词 crashes在从句中 作状语。The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“ death valley ” of athuteongroemyoaurseavehiclebetween semi-auto

26、nomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.这项提议试图解决所谓的自动驾驶车辆的 “死亡谷”问题， 即半自动汽车与完全无人驾驶的汽车中间的灰色地带。这个灰色地带可能推迟普及无人驾驶车辆的未来的到来。【结构分析】句子主干： The proposal attempts to deal with 两个从句：what 弓I导的宾语从旬 ( what some call the “death valley“ of autonomous vehicles); that弓I导的定语 从旬(that could

27、 delay the driverless future 修饰先行词 the gray area【翻译提示】理解体会特殊标点符号的作用，例如本句中的冒号，其后句子或结构起到解释说明的作用。Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.【参考译文】与同样是自愿的被迫的等待不同，期待好运的等待并不意味着好运将会发生。【结构分析】句子主干：waiting for your lucky break do

28、es not necessarily mean .两个从句：which引导的非限制性定语从句(which is also voluntary)修饰先行词 Forced Waitthat 引导的宾语从句( that it will happen)一个非谓语动词短语(waiting for your lucky break)作主语【词汇积累】voluntary adj. v?l?nt(?)r? 自愿的，自发的，志愿的( done, made, or given willingly, withoutbeing forced or paid to do it)Ever since they were

29、first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因 ) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.【参考译文】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。【句式分析】本句

30、是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合旬，have been developed and marketed是现在完成时的被动语态形式。【词语点拨】basis n.基础；构成短语：on the basis of以为基础Don t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.不要以相貌取人。Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis.史密斯先生定期去健身房。CThis month, Germany s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed t

31、he first set of rules for autonomousvehicles (自主驾驶车辆) .They would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley ” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-auton

32、omous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property （财产）damage over personal injury; that it neverdistinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel

33、to check email, say the cars maker is responsible if there is a crash “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving, ” says Dobrindt It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles i

34、s not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers “The liability （法律责任）issue is the biggest one of them all, ” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UKAn assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the

35、road ” at every moment But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars “When you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars ” Merat says “You know no driver ”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated

36、without operation Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched That would go down poorly in the U

37、S, however “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here, ” says Calo46 What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A A place where cars often break down 8 A case where passing a law is impossibleC An a

38、rea where no driving is permitted D A situation where drivers role is not clear 47 The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to A stop people from breaking traffic rules8 help promote fully automatic drivingC protect drivers of all ages and racesD prevent serious property damage48 What do consumers

39、think of the operation of driverless cars?A It should get the attention of insurance companies8 It should be the main concern of law makers C It should not cause deadly traffic accidents D It should involve no human responsibility 49 Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in A

40、SingaporeB the UKC the USD Germany50 What could be the best title for the passage?A Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D Driverless Cars: Root of Road AccidentsDI read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives w

41、aiting But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let s take a look at three types of “waits”The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait It is without doubt the most annoying of all Take filling up the kit

42、chen sink （洗碗池） as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it s full During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks This kind o

43、f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait This one requires a bit of discipline Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait Directions are very specific “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remov

44、e from heat, let stand five minutes ” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly After all, Forced Waiting requires patience Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen Turning one s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strict