unit8 专业英语的翻译－5被动句的翻译ppt课件

1、l科技文章偏重描画和推理，强调客观准确，所以谓语大量地采用被动语态，以防止过多的运用第一、第二人称而引起客观臆断的印象。英语和汉语都有被动语态，但两种言语在运用和表达上不尽一样。因此，翻译时必需对被动句做适当的灵敏处置。l1、英语中有些着重被动动作的被动句，为突出其被动意义，可直接译为汉语的被动句，翻译时最常见的方式是在谓语动词前加“被。但过多的运用同一个词会使译文缺乏文采，因此应根据汉语习惯采用一些其他的方式表达被动态，如可用：“由、“给、“受、“加以、“把、“使等。如：lThe machine tools are controlled by PLC.l机床由可编程控制器控制。l2、着重描画

2、事物过程、性质和形状的英语被动句，实践上与系统构造很相近，往往可译成汉语的判别句，即将谓语动词放在“是的之间的构造。如：lThis kind of device is much needed in the speed-regulating system.l这种安装在调速系统中是很需求的。lThe molecules are held together by attractive forces.l译：分子由引力聚集在一同。lThe speed of a generator is controlled by the prime move.l译：发电机的转速受原动机控制。lSome plastics

3、 have been discovered by accident.l译：某些塑料是偶尔发现的。lThe frequency ,wave length and speed of sound are closely related.l译：声音的频率、波长和速度三者是亲密相关的。l3、英语的被动语态有时可改译成汉语的自动语态。当原句中主语为无生命的名词，而又由介词by引导的行为主体时，可将原句的主语仍译为主语，按照汉语习惯表述成自动句，由于汉语中很多情况下，表达被动的含义通常不需求加“被字，而采用自动语态的方式，假设不顾汉语习惯，强要加上“被字表被动，有时那么会使译文看上去不像汉语。如：lThe

4、quartz crystal does not vibrate at certain frequency until the voltage is applied.l直到电压加上去以后，石英晶体才会以某一频率振荡。lRecently some new kinds of steel have been developed in our country.l译：最近，我国研制出一些新钢。lWith the steam engine coming into being ,human power was replaced by mechanical power.l译：随着蒸汽机的出现，机械力替代了人力。

5、lCopper is known to be a good conductor.l译：大家知道铜是良导体。lThe first electronic computer was produced in our country in 1958.l译：1958年我国消费了第一台电子计算机。l对于有些被动句，翻译时可将原主语译成宾语，而把原行为主体的介词宾语译成主语。如：lSince numerical control was adopted at machine tools,the productivity has been raised greatly.l自从机床采用数控以来，消费率大大提高了。l

6、A body can be charged under certain condition.l译：在一定的条件下物体可以带电。lWhile a current is flowing through a wire ,the latter is being heated.l译：电流经过导线时，导线就发热。lPeoples life has been improved greatly in recent years.l译：近年来人们的生活得到很大改善。l有些原句中没有行为主体，翻译时可添加适当的主语使译文照射流畅，如“人们、“有人、“大家、“我们等。如：lA few years ago it was

7、 thought unbelievable that the computer could have so high speed as well so small volume.l几年前人们还以为计算机具有如此高的运转速度和如此小的体积是一件难以置信的事。lFuzzy control is found an effective way to control the systems without precise mathematic models.l人们发现，模糊控制是一种控制不具备准确数学模型系统的有效方法。l4、当不需求或无法讲出动作的发出者时，例如阐明观念、要求、态度的被动句或描画某地发

8、生、存在、消逝了某事物的被动句，可将原句译为汉语的无主句，把原句的主语译作宾语。如：lWhat kind of device is needed to make the control system simple?l需求什么安装使控制系统简化？lWhenever work is being done ,energy is being converted from one form into another .l译：凡做功，都是把能从一种方式转换成另一种方式。lCutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used.l译：刀具运用前应仔细检查。lIf a mouse is installed in a computer, then the available memory sp