大学英语核心词汇(3-1)

1、RKPT1participate virtual commitment discipline assignment embarrass insightreward frustrate positive intimidate opportunitymedium access RKPT2reward-11) vt. give sth. in return for good and valuable doings 酬劳，奖赏，酬谢，报答酬劳，奖赏，酬谢，报答 【例句】【例句】His efforts were rewarded by success. 他的努力获得了成功。他的努力获得了成功。2) n.

2、 some money given to someone for his good doing; something as a return for good and valuable doings 报酬，奖金报酬，奖金【例句】【例句】He was given a reward of $900 for catching the criminal. 他因抓获罪犯而得他因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金。美元酬金。【记忆法】【记忆法】rewarding a. 报答的报答的, 有价值的有价值的, 有益的有益的 rewardless a. 无报酬的无报酬的, 白费力气的白费力气的, 徒劳的徒劳的RKPT3r

3、eward-2【搭配】【搭配】as a reward for 作为作为(对某事的对某事的)报酬报酬/奖奖 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人酬为某事而给某人酬 in reward of 为酬答为酬答; 作为作为奖励奖励 reward sb. with sth. for sth. 为某事而以为某事而以报答某人报答某人【辨析】【辨析】award, reward award 意为意为“授予，给予授予，给予”，通常指官方或法院根据相关，通常指官方或法院根据相关规规定将钱财或物品奖与或判与某人，作动词时后面可定将钱财或物品奖与或判与某人，作动词时后面可

4、跟双宾语。跟双宾语。vThe school awarded Merry a prize (for her good work). 学校（因为她工作好而）奖励了梅丽。学校（因为她工作好而）奖励了梅丽。RKPT4reward-3 reward 意为意为“酬劳，奖赏，回报酬劳，奖赏，回报”，通常指因做了某，通常指因做了某事或提供了某种服务而被给予应得的报答报事或提供了某种服务而被给予应得的报答报酬或酬谢；酬或酬谢； reward sb.（以人或人的行为作宾语）或（以人或人的行为作宾语）或 reward sb. with sth.vShe rewarded the boy with10 for his

5、 help. 她因那男孩帮助而酬谢他她因那男孩帮助而酬谢他10美元。美元。RKPT5frustrate -1vt. 1) cause sb. to have feelings of disappointment 使沮丧，使灰心使沮丧，使灰心 【例句】【例句】The trouble is that he frustrates much easily. 他的毛病是他很容易泄气。他的毛病是他很容易泄气。v He was frustrated by his poverty. 他因贫穷而灰心丧气。他因贫穷而灰心丧气。 2) cause the failure of sth. 使挫败使挫败【例句】【例句】

6、The police frustrated the bandits in their attempt to rob the bank. 警察挫败了匪徒抢劫银行的企图。警察挫败了匪徒抢劫银行的企图。【记忆法】【记忆法】frustrated a.失败的失败的; 失意的失意的; 失望的失望的 frustrating a. 令人沮丧的，令人灰心的，失望的令人沮丧的，令人灰心的，失望的 frustration n. 挫败，挫折挫败，挫折RKPT6frustrate-2【搭配】【搭配】 feel frustrated at 对对感到沮丧感到沮丧vHe looked about for her everyw

7、here, feeling deeply frustrated at her disappearance. frustrate sb. in 挫败某人的挫败某人的vThe young artist was frustrated in his ambition to paint.RKPT7 positivea. 1) effective, helpful 积极的，肯定的积极的，肯定的【例句】【例句】Dont just watch me; give me some positive advice. 别只看着我，给我提点建议吧。别只看着我，给我提点建议吧。2) definite, sure 确实的，

8、明确的确实的，明确的【例句】【例句】He was expected to make a positive decision about whether the house was to be sold. 他应对是否卖这栋房子做出明确的决定。他应对是否卖这栋房子做出明确的决定。vAre you positive that hes the man you saw last night? 你能确定他就是你昨天晚上看到的那个人吗？你能确定他就是你昨天晚上看到的那个人吗？【搭配】【搭配】be positive about /of/as to 确信确信, 确知确知v He is positive as t

9、o the being of truth. RKPT8 intimidate vt. frighten by making threats恐吓，威胁恐吓，威胁【例句】【例句】He said he would never be intimidated by big names and authorities. 他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。vJohn intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth. 约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。【记忆

10、法】【记忆法】intimidation n. 威胁威胁【搭配】【搭配】intimidate sb. with sth. 以以相威胁相威胁vThey intimidated the shopkeeper with threats that they would kill him. RKPT9 opportunity-1 n. a favorable or suitable occasion or time 有利的机会，合适或有利的时机或时间有利的机会，合适或有利的时机或时间【例句】【例句】With the help of his teacher, he got an opportunity to

11、 learn English in Britain. 在老师的帮助下，他得到了一次去英国学习在老师的帮助下，他得到了一次去英国学习英语的英语的机会。机会。【搭配】【搭配】get/make an opportunity 得到得到/制造机会制造机会 catch/seize/take an opportunity 抓住抓住/利用机会利用机会 on/at the first opportunity 一有机会一有机会RKPT10opportunity-2【辨析】【辨析】chance occasion opportunity chance 表示幸运或偶然的机会，含侥幸的意思。表示幸运或偶然的机会，含侥幸的

12、意思。v Chance plays an important part in many card games. 在许多纸牌游戏中在许多纸牌游戏中,运气是很重要的。运气是很重要的。 occasion 是指特殊或一般的时机，场合；常指能采取是指特殊或一般的时机，场合；常指能采取 行动的良机、场合适宜的时刻。行动的良机、场合适宜的时刻。vA birthday is no occasion for tears. 生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。 opportunity 是常用词，常指有利的机遇，含有能让人施是常用词，常指有利的机遇，含有能让人施 展能力的机会之意。展能力的机会之意。vI

13、 take this opportunity of thanking you. 我趁此机会感谢你们。我趁此机会感谢你们。RKPT11 medium-1n. a method for giving information 媒体媒体, 方法方法, 媒介媒介【例句】【例句】vCommercial television is a medium for advertising.商业电视是一种广告媒介。商业电视是一种广告媒介。vThe train was the usual medium of transportation in those days. 在当时，火车是普遍的运输工具。在当时，火车是普遍的运

14、输工具。a. of middle size, amount, quality中间的中间的, 中等的中等的, 半半生熟的生熟的RKPT12medium-2【例句】【例句】vHow do you want the beef，rare, medium or well done? 你要烧成什么样的牛肉你要烧成什么样的牛肉? 半熟的、中等熟度的、还半熟的、中等熟度的、还 是是熟透的熟透的?【搭配】【搭配】strike a/the happy medium采取中庸之道采取中庸之道, 采取采取 折中办法折中办法 medium-priced 价钱不高也不低的价钱不高也不低的RKPT13 access-1 n.

15、 means or right of using, reaching进入；进入；means of entering, or a way in通道；使用通道；使用, 接近接近【例句】【例句】The only access to that building was guarded by the soldiers. 通向那栋楼房的惟一通道由士兵把守着。通向那栋楼房的惟一通道由士兵把守着。vHe was not allowed access to his young brother who was in prison. 他未能获准去监狱探望他弟弟。他未能获准去监狱探望他弟弟。【记忆法】【记忆法】acc

16、essible a. 易接近的易接近的, 可到达的可到达的, 易受影响的易受影响的, 可可 理解的理解的【搭配】【搭配】be easy/hard/difficult of access 容易容易/难接近难接近 give/allow access to 接见；准许出入接见；准许出入 have/gain/get/obtain access to 得接近；得会见；得接近；得会见； 得进入；得使用得进入；得使用RKPT14access-2get the right of using or reaching sth.可以使用，获得可以使用，获得【例句】【例句】 vCitizens may get/hav

17、e free access to the library. 市民可以自由使用图书馆。市民可以自由使用图书馆。vBy some way or other, he succeeded in getting access to her office. 他设法进入了她的办公室。他设法进入了她的办公室。【练习】【练习】我们很难接近他们的领地。我们很难接近他们的领地。vWe can hardly get access to their field.RKPT15participate v. (in) take part in 参与参与, 参加参加, 分享分享, 分担分担【例句】【例句】v If only I

18、 could participate in your good fortune. 要是我能分享你的好运就好了。要是我能分享你的好运就好了。【记忆法】【记忆法】participant n. 参加者；参加者； participation n. 参加参加【搭配】【搭配】participate with a friend in his sufferings 分担朋友的痛苦分担朋友的痛苦RKPT16virtuala. 1) being produced by the computer but almost true to the reality 虚构的，虚拟的虚构的，虚拟的【例句】【例句】v A new

19、 type of virtual bankinformation bankmade it debut in Shanghai in December. 一种新型的虚拟银行一种新型的虚拟银行信息银行于信息银行于12月在上海成立。月在上海成立。 2) almost what is stated实际上的，事实上的实际上的，事实上的【例句】【例句】v She is the virtual president, though her title is secretary. 虽然她的头衔是秘书，她是实际上的董事长。虽然她的头衔是秘书，她是实际上的董事长。【记忆法】【记忆法】virtually ad. 事实

20、上事实上, 实质上实质上RKPT17commitmentn. 1) devotion to信奉信奉, 献身献身 【例句】【例句】We are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job. 我们在寻找对此工作真正能尽责尽力的人。我们在寻找对此工作真正能尽责尽力的人。 2) a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions承诺；承诺；约定；约束约定；约束 【例句】【例句】He doesnt want to get married because he is afraid o

21、f any commitments. 他不想结婚，因为他害怕承担任何责任。他不想结婚，因为他害怕承担任何责任。【记忆法】【记忆法】commit v. 犯犯(错误错误), 干干(坏事坏事), 把把交托给交托给, 提交提交 答应负责答应负责; committed a. 效忠的；忠于效忠的；忠于的的 【搭配】【搭配】fulfil/meet ones commitments 履行自己的诺言；履行自己的诺言； commitment to 信奉或支持信奉或支持RKPT18assignmentn. 1) a piece of work given to a particular person 任任务务, (

22、课外课外) 作业作业 【例句】【例句】 What are todays assignment in history? 今天的历史作业是什么今天的历史作业是什么?2) act of dividing assignments分配，委派分配，委派【例句】【例句】He received a new assignment yesterday. 他昨天接受了一项任务。他昨天接受了一项任务。【记忆法】【记忆法】assign v. 分配分配, 指派指派【搭配】【搭配】carry out ones assignment执行任务执行任务 fulfill assignments 完成任务完成任务 a difficu

23、lt/rough/tough assignment 一项艰巨的任务一项艰巨的任务 on assignment 被委派被委派 under assignment by 受受委派委派RKPT19discipline-1n. 1) a state of order and control; self-control 纪律纪律 【例句】【例句】When the fire broke out, the students showed good discipline. 火灾发生时，这些学生遵守纪律，秩序良好。火灾发生时，这些学生遵守纪律，秩序良好。 2)a branch of learning 学科，科目学

24、科，科目 3) punishment 惩戒惩戒,惩罚惩罚v. to train by instruction and practice 训练，调教训练，调教【例句】【例句】Students must learn to discipline themselves. 大学生必须学会自律。大学生必须学会自律。【记忆法】【记忆法】disciplinary a. 训练的训练的, 训诫的训诫的, 规律的规律的RKPT20discipline-2【辨析】【辨析】discipline subject discipline 为正式用词，指大学里的学科分支为正式用词，指大学里的学科分支 subject 为一般用词

25、，可指主修学科，也可指任何级为一般用词，可指主修学科，也可指任何级 别的学校所开的任何科目别的学校所开的任何科目【搭配】【搭配】 courage without discipline 匹夫之勇匹夫之勇RKPT21embarrassvt. make someone feel upset esp. doing sth. not rightly 使窘迫，使为难；使感到拮据使窘迫，使为难；使感到拮据【例句】【例句】vWhen I began to sing, he laughed and made me embarrassed. 我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，使我感到很窘迫。我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，使我

26、感到很窘迫。vThis was an embarrassing situation for Mr. Burnet because of his friends comments about his wife. 因为朋友对他妻子的评论，令本奈特先生很尴尬。因为朋友对他妻子的评论，令本奈特先生很尴尬。vThe decline of sales embarrassed the company. 销路下降使公司陷于财政困难。销路下降使公司陷于财政困难。【记忆法】【记忆法】embarrassment n. 窘迫，为难；经济困难；令人窘迫，为难；经济困难；令人 困窘的人或事；困窘的人或事；embarras

27、sing a. 令人为难的令人为难的 【搭配】【搭配】be embarrassed with luggage 拿着行李不便拿着行李不便RKPT22 insight n. (into) the power of using ones mind to see or understand the true nature of sth. 洞察力；深刻洞察力；深刻的见解的见解【例句】【例句】Visiting the city gave me insight into the lives of the people who live there. 参观这座城市使我了解了那里居民的生活情况。参观这座城市使我

28、了解了那里居民的生活情况。【记忆法】【记忆法】insightful a.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的【搭配】【搭配】gain/have an insight into了解，熟悉；看透了解，熟悉；看透, 识破识破RKPT23qbe worth sth./doing sth. qfar from qfeel like sth./doing sth. qcome across qreap the benefits of qtrade for qnow that qreach out to RKPT24be worth sth./doing sth.-1qbe rewardin

29、g enough to do something for the time or effort 值得值得的的 【例句】【例句】 Its not worth the paper its printed on. 它的价值抵不上用来印它的纸张。它的价值抵不上用来印它的纸张。vThis report about the effect of modernization on human nature is well worth reading. 这份关于现代化对人性的影响的报告很值得一读。这份关于现代化对人性的影响的报告很值得一读。【练习】【练习】导演认为这是个值得考虑的提议。导演认为这是个值得考虑的提

30、议。vThe director believed it was a proposal worth consideration.【扩展】【扩展】区分区分 worth, worthy 和和 worthwhile worth一般用作表语，一般用作表语， 用于用于 worth sth./doing sth. 中，中，用主动表示被动；如：用主动表示被动；如：Its worth seeing/hearing/ reading. 值得一看值得一看/ /一听一听/ /一读。一读。RKPT25be worth sth./doing sth.-2worthy既可作表语又可作定语。作表语时，常用在既可作表语又可作定

31、语。作表语时，常用在be worthy of +n./being done/to be done 中，一般中，一般用被动表被动；如用被动表被动；如 v They will prove worthy of our trust. 他们不会辜负我们对他们的信任。他们不会辜负我们对他们的信任。v He is worthy to have a place in the team. 他配成为该球队的队员。他配成为该球队的队员。worthwhile 作表语，常用在作表语，常用在It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.中。中。【例句】【例句】Its worthwhile taking

32、 the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees. 给新雇员详细解释一下工作的要求，费点事也是给新雇员详细解释一下工作的要求，费点事也是 值得的。值得的。RKPT26far from -1qnotat all; rather than 一点都不一点都不【例句】【例句】Her husband is far from handsome, he is somewhat ugly. 她丈夫谈不上英俊，有点丑。她丈夫谈不上英俊，有点丑。v Life in Beijing is far from a bed of roses. 北京的生活决不是生活在

33、温柔富贵乡。北京的生活决不是生活在温柔富贵乡。【练习】【练习】他一点都不生气，很高兴。他一点都不生气，很高兴。v Far from angry, he is very happy. 【扩展】【扩展】as far as 就就；至于；至于v As far as I know, he has gone to town. 就我所知就我所知,他到镇上去了。他到镇上去了。RKPT27far from-2by far 最，显然到达极为明显的程度（一般与形容词或副词最，显然到达极为明显的程度（一般与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用）的比较级或最高级连用）v She is by far the best exe

34、cutive in the company. 她目前是公司中最为优秀的决策人。她目前是公司中最为优秀的决策人。 so far 迄今为止迄今为止；到到有限的程度有限的程度vSo far theres been no word from them. 至今没有他们的消息。至今没有他们的消息。RKPT28 feel like sth. /doing sth. q want to do sth. 想做，想要想做，想要【例句】【例句】 v She felt like going for a walk. 她想去散步。她想去散步。v Do you feel like ham and eggs? 你想来一个火腿

35、蛋吗？你想来一个火腿蛋吗？【练习】【练习】可以不打牌了吗？我想休息一会儿。可以不打牌了吗？我想休息一会儿。vCould we stop playing cards? I feel like having a rest.RKPT29 come acrossq meet with偶然遇上偶然遇上【例句】【例句】vWeve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。【练习】【练习】他讲的课非常受欢迎，大家都很喜欢。他讲的课非常受欢迎，大家都很喜欢。vHis lec

36、ture came across very well; everyone liked it.RKPT30reap the benefits ofqget sth. as a reward 获得益处，得到好处获得益处，得到好处【例句】【例句】vShe reaped large benefits from her unique invention. 她从她那奇特的发明中获得了很大的好处。她从她那奇特的发明中获得了很大的好处。vI have reaped some direct benefits from my English studies. 我从英语学习中获得了一些直接的益处。我从英语学习中获得

37、了一些直接的益处。【练习】【练习】他觉得自己通过与外国人交谈获益匪浅。他觉得自己通过与外国人交谈获益匪浅。vHe felt that he got much benefit from conversations with foreigners.RKPT31trade forqexchangefor 用用进行交换进行交换【例句】【例句】 vThey tend to trade farm products for manufactured goods. 他们常常用农产品换取工业制成品。他们常常用农产品换取工业制成品。vI will trade my ticket for yours. 我将把我的票

38、和你换。我将把我的票和你换。【练习】【练习】为了还债，他只好把车卖了换钱。为了还债，他只好把车卖了换钱。vIn order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his car for money.【扩展】【扩展】trade in： 以（旧）抵购（新）以（旧）抵购（新）trade on利用利用vchildren of celebrities who trade on their family names. 利用他们家庭名望的名人后代。利用他们家庭名望的名人后代。RKPT32q communicate with; contact 接触，联系接触，联系【例句】

39、【例句】v With the introduction of the Internet, we can reach out to our friends by e-mail. 由于因特网的使用，我们可以通过电子邮件与朋友联系。由于因特网的使用，我们可以通过电子邮件与朋友联系。【练习】【练习】他们试图利用广播讲演与普通民众沟通。他们试图利用广播讲演与普通民众沟通。v They tried to reach out to the ordinary people in their broadcast speeches.reach out toRKPT33now thatqbecause (somet

40、hing has happened) .既然，由于既然，由于【例句】【例句】 Now that John has arrived, we can begin our English class. 既然约翰来了，我们可以开始上英语课了。既然约翰来了，我们可以开始上英语课了。【练习】【练习】既然雨停了，我们可以走了。既然雨停了，我们可以走了。v Now that the rain has stopped, we can leave.RKPT34qTeaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very _. A

41、. preciousB. rewardingC. worth D. challenging(reward)【典型考题】【典型考题】此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。题干中前后此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。题干中前后两个分句是转折关系，前一个分句说两个分句是转折关系，前一个分句说“教初级水平的学生很教初级水平的学生很困难困难”，后一个分句就应转为好的方面，因此不能选。，后一个分句就应转为好的方面，因此不能选。precious是是“宝贵的、贵重的宝贵的、贵重的”，rewarding是是“值得的值得的”，worth也是也是“值得值得”，但后面需接名词或动名词，因此只有，但后面需接名词或动名词，因

42、此只有最合适。最合适。RKPT35【典型考题】【典型考题】qMany new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunitiesB. necessities C. realities D. probabilities答案为答案为【A】(CET-4:1990,1)【解析】【解析】此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。根据句此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。根据句义义“许多新的机会会为有大学学历的人开放许多新的机会会为有大学学历的人开放”， opportunities最合适。

43、最合适。necessities是是“必要性，必必要性，必需品需品”，realities是是“现实现实”，probabilities是是“可能可能性性”，都不符合句义。，都不符合句义。(opportunity)RKPT36【典型考题】【典型考题】qThe people living in these apartments have free _ to that swimming pool. A. access B. excess C. process D. assess答案为答案为【A】(CET-6:1997,1)【解析】【解析】此题的考点为形近词辩析。此题的考点为形近词辩析。access是是“

44、通路通路”，excess是是“过剩过剩”，process是是“过程过程”，assess是是动词，意为动词，意为“评估评估”。该句意为。该句意为“住在这些公寓的人可住在这些公寓的人可以使用这个游泳池以使用这个游泳池”，因此选，因此选access。(access)RKPT37【典型考题】【典型考题】qThere is no _ to the house from the main road. A. edge B. avenue C. exposureD. access答案为答案为【D】 (CET-4:2002,1)【解析】【解析】此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。该句意为此题的考点为根据句义选择适

45、当的词。该句意为“从主路上没有通向那座房子的路从主路上没有通向那座房子的路”，edge是是“边缘边缘”，avenue是是“林荫道，大街林荫道，大街”，exposure是是“暴露暴露”，access是是“通道通道”，只有是正确答案，只有是正确答案.(access)RKPT38【典型考题】【典型考题】qThe students were participating _ an international energy-saving competition between towns in New England and Canada. A. for B. in C. to D. at答案为答案为【B

46、】(CET-4:1994,1)【解析】【解析】此题的考点为动词与介词的搭配。此题的考点为动词与介词的搭配。participatein意为意为“参加参加”，符合句义，为正确答案。，符合句义，为正确答案。(participate in)RKPT39【典型考题】【典型考题】qBy signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week. A. conceptionB. commission C. commitmentD. confinement答案为答案为【C】 (CET-6:1999,6)【解析】【解析】此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。此题的考点为根据句义选择适当的词。“我们我们签订了一个租约签订了一个租约”，因此就确定了一个义务，故选。，因此就确定了一个义务，故选。conception是是“观念观念”，commission是是“委任委任”，confineme