新视界大学英语综合教程2_unit3(1)

1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point Hard NewsHard NewsWarming up headlines (标题), news stories, letters, editorials (社论), features (特写报道),

2、pictures, reviews (评论文章), film and television listings, advertisements, comic strips (连环漫画), cartoons, puzzles, weather forecasts, financial figures, sports results etc1. What you can find in a newspaper? Work in pairs and discuss the questions.Warming upCCTV International, China Daily, Peoples Dail

3、y, China Radio International, Shanghai Daily, South China Morning Post, Xinhua News Agency2. Name some Chinese news sources in EnglishSome English-language newspapers worth mentioning may be: The Times (泰晤士报), The Guardian (卫报, Financial Times (UK) (金融时报), The Wall Street Journal (华尔街日报), The New Yo

4、rk Times (纽约时报), International Herald Tribune (USA) (国际先驱论坛报).3. Name some famous international newspapers. Warming up Work in pairs. Look at the first sentence of the passage and decide which is the main responsibility of a journalist.What is the responsibility of a journalist? 1 to tell the truth

5、2 to simplify things so that people will understand easily 3 to use a style people will enjoy reading 4 to do what the editor has asked 5 to find out as much as possible about the topic 6 not to get involved personally in the news eventNow read the passage and compare your ideas with the writers.Ski

6、mming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 51.TaskTask Choose the best summary of the passage.1. Journalists are human beings like the rest of us. We cannot expect them to be completely objective when faced with difficult s

7、ituations, and we cannot expect their reports to be completely accurate as a result. Skimming2. Journalists sometimes have to make difficult decisions about how, and what, to report. It is important for everyone to realize how difficult these decisions are, and to recognize that editors and readers

8、should share part of the responsibility for these decisions too.3. In extreme situations, journalists should be prepared not to report the news as it happens. These situations may instead require them to help people in difficulty, or to take decisions about how far they can try and find out about pe

9、oples private lives. The best summary is: 2.Skimming Answer the questions.1 What is the meaning of hard in the title “Hard news”?Hard news, in comparison with soft news, consists of factual, up-to-the-minute accounts of events taking place. But the writer is also making use of the meaning “difficult

10、”. Journalists need to take difficult decisions. Skimming2 Which three typical difficult situations does the writer refer to? Stopping illegal executions or simply photographing them; revealing the name of a source of a story who will get into trouble as a result, or refusing to do so; publishing or

11、 not a photograph of a celebrity in a private moment. To sum up, the three Situations are: getting involved or staying neutral; protecting sources or revealing them; revealing private matters of famous people or not.Skimming3 What is the job of a journalist, at first sight?To record whats happening,

12、 accurately and based on facts.4 What are journalists in danger of losing if they do this job? They may lose their humanity, sympathetic attitude to other people.Skimming5 Which two real news events does the writer refer to?The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald and the death of Princess Diana in a car c

13、rash.6 Which are the three qualities the news media should have?Being professional, reliable and responsible to the public.7 Why is The New York Times sometimes slower in publishing news than its rivals?It likes to take time to check for accuracy.Hard News译文译文Digging1 What is the responsibility of a

14、 journalist? Is it to inform their readers? Or is it to please their editor? Is it to remain on the side of the law, at all costs? Or is it simply to write a good story? Or is there some responsibility to behave as a human being, whatever the cost or the danger? 2 Here are a few dilemmas some journa

15、lists have faced.3 A photographer in a war zone takes photos of an army officer executing rebel soldiers. Its possible that he might have been able to stop the officer shooting the prisoners. But he chose to honour his responsibilities towards his editor and the newspaper readers, which was to repor

16、t what was happening. Should he have got involved, or was he simply doing his job?Digging4 A journalist is investigating a major fraud in a big city bank. A bank employee reveals to her the method by which the crime was committed, and the identities of the criminals. In doing so, the employee admits

17、 his own minor implication in the crime. The police launch their own investigation, and ask the journalist to reveal the name of her source. She refuses, claiming that her professional standards oblige her to protect her sources. Should she be praised for her principles, or charged with preventing t

18、he police from solving the crime?译文译文Digging5 A newspaper publishes photos of a well-known film actor whose career is promoted by her frequent appearances in the media. On this occasion, the photos were taken while the actor was on holiday in a private home abroad. The actor intends to take the news

19、paper to court for invasion of her private life. Is the newspaper simply doing what its readers expect it to do, or is the actor entitled to separate her private from her public life?译文译文Digging6 What do you think? 7 The ethical responsibility of the journalist is endlessly discussed, both in genera

20、l, and in particular cases. At first, the answer seems simple: The journalists job is to record whats happening, accurately and based on facts. 译文译文Digging8 But sometimes doing a journalists job is at the cost of their humanity. When Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald, the man arrested for killing Pre

21、sident John F Kennedy, a photographer was present. But could he have dropped his camera and stopped Ruby from firing his gun? And if he had done so, would we know more about who ordered the killing of the president than we do now? 译文译文Digging9 And were the photographers ethically right to pursue Pri

22、ncess Diana and her partner in order to obtain photos at such speeds as to cause her car to crash? Or was it a fair and reasonable news story which respected the readers right to know about a relationship affecting the state of the British royal family?译文译文Digging10 So should the journalist always s

23、tand back and watch while people kill each other, or should they ever get involved as human beings?译文译文Digging11 Clearly, the journalists code of practice varies from country to country. Yet most acknowledge the need to report a story accurately, to provide proof of any claims or protect their sourc

24、es, and to correct mistakes. The news media relies on their journalists behaviour in order to support its three most important assets: being professional, reliable and responsible to the public. 译文译文DiggingSome newspapers, such as The New York Times, recognize the potential for conflict between the

25、need for speed and accuracy, and tend to publish important stories more slowly than their competitors.译文译文Digging12 So, the ethical responsibility of a journalist is not quite as simple as it first appears. And its a responsibility that needs to be shared.13 It needs to be shared by the editors, who

26、 sometimes show shots of dead enemy soldiers, in order to convey the tragedy of the war, but not to show shots of our own dead soldiers, for fear of offending both their relatives and the readers.译文译文Digging译文译文Digging14 It needs to be shared by the owners of media organizations, who may accept adve

27、rtising from unethical companies. They do this in order to appeal to the people who hold investments in the organization. Otherwise, they will not have the finances to pursue their mission to explain.Digging16 We all need to accept that a journalist is not simply a hunting dog chasing a good story t

28、o be consumed like dead meat by the strong, at the expense of the weak. We need to accept that both workers in the media, and its consumers, the audience and readers, are above all human beings a characteristic which we all rm释义释义vt. to officially tell someone something or give them inform

29、ation about something 通知；告知例句例句The President has been fully informed of developments. 已经向总统汇报了事态的全部进展。 翻译翻译WordsWordsThe manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题例句例句Please inform us of any change of address as soon as pos

30、sible. 地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。 翻译翻译dilemma 释义释义n. C a situation in which you have to make a difficult decision 窘境；困境 例句例句 Im in a dilemma over whether to tell him or not. 我进退两难，不知道是否该告诉他。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Many single parents struggle with the dilemma of dividing time between work and children. 许多单身父母在给工作和给

31、子女的时间分配上处于两难境地。翻译翻译execute 释义释义vt. to kill someone as a punishment for a crime 处死；处决 例句例句The general was executed for war crimes. 将军因战争罪被处死。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句He said nobody had been executed as a direct result of the events. 他说没有人直接因为那些事件而被处死。 翻译翻译rebel释义释义1a. (only before noun) relating to rebels

32、or their activities 反叛（者）的；造反（者）的 例句例句rebel troops叛军翻译翻译WordsWordsrebel释义释义2n. C someone who tries to remove a government or leader using force 造反者；反叛者 例句例句They sent in troops to back the rebels. 他们派来军队支持叛乱分子。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Anti-government rebels have seized the radio station. 反政府的叛乱分子占领了电台。 翻译翻

33、译释义释义例句例句Recently there have been widespread credit card fraud. 最近各地频繁出现信用卡诈骗事件。翻译翻译WordsWordsn. C, U the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them 诈骗；欺诈fraud例句例句The police arrested him for tax fraud. 警方因他在纳税上的欺诈行为把他逮捕了。 翻译翻译minor 释义释义a. not very important 较不重要的；次要的例句例句We made a few min

34、or changes to the plan. 这个计划我们作了一些小小的修改。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译Most of the passengers suffered only minor injuries. 大部分乘客只受了点轻伤。 真题真题The flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Listening comprehension)oblige 释义释义vt. (usu passive) to

35、 force someone to do something because it is the law, a rule, or a duty 迫使例句例句You are legally obliged to pay this fine. 从法律上讲，你有义务缴纳这笔罚款。 翻译翻译WordsWordsThe law obliges parents to send their children to school.法律规定父母有让子女接受教育的义务。例句例句翻译翻译charge释义释义vt. to accuse someone officially of committing a crime

36、控告；指控例句例句Two men have been charged in connection with the fire. 两个人被指控与火灾有关。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The prosecution charged that he had accepted a bribe. 检察院起诉他收受贿赂。 翻译翻译media 释义释义n. C (the ) radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and magazines, considered as a group 媒体；传媒例句例句The media have launche

37、d a bitter attack on the Ministry of Railways. 大众传媒向铁道部发起了猛烈攻击。 翻译翻译WordsWordsThis research has attracted wide media coverage and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure )真题真题例句例句There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding. 媒体大张旗鼓地报道了这场婚礼。 翻译

38、翻译court 释义释义n. C, U a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided 法庭；法院例句例句They tried to settle the case out of court. 这个案子他们试图庭外和解。翻译翻译WordsWordsI would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真题真题例句例句I dont think

39、 that argument would stand up in a court of law. 我认为这个论据在法庭上是站不住脚的。 翻译翻译entitle释义释义vt. to give someone the right to do something 给（某 人）权利；给（某人）资格例句例句Only full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance. 只有全职雇员才有资格获得健康保险。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Membership entitles you to the full use of our f

40、itness facilities. 会员可以使用我们这儿的所有健身器材。 翻译翻译Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真题真题ethical释义释义a. involving the principles used for deciding what is right and what is wrong 伦理的；道德的 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsI

41、s it ethical to use drugs to control prisoners behaviour? 用药物来控制犯人的行为合乎道德吗？ unethical反义词反义词例句例句翻译翻译The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions. 在科学实验中使用动物引发了一些难以解决的道德问题。 arrest释义释义vt. if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station because t

42、hey believe he or she has committed a crime 逮捕；拘捕；拘留 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsThe policeman arrested the drunk for disturbing the peace. 警察以扰乱治安罪逮捕了那个醉汉。 Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. (Jun. 1997, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真题真题例句例句翻译

43、翻译Police made 20 arrests at yesterdays demonstration. 昨天的示威游行中，警察逮捕了20人。 royal 释义释义a. relating to a king or queen or the members of their family 国王的；女王的；王室的 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsOpposition within the royal family was crushed. 王族内的反对派被清除了。 真题真题Lets go and see a new movie at the Royal Theatre. I hear its

44、 a real story of two prison breakers. (Jan. 1998, CET-4, Listening Comprehension) 例句例句翻译翻译The Summer Palace, which used to be a royal garden, is my favourite park. 颐和园是我最喜欢的公园，它以前是座皇家园林。 code 释义释义n. C a set of rules about how something should be done or how people should behave 准 则； 规 范；行为规则例句例句翻译翻译

45、WordsWordsThe profession has a strict code of practice. 这个专业有严格的行业守则。 they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. (Jan. 2002, CET-4, Reading comprehension) 真题真题例句例句翻译翻译Parents should help to teach children a strong moral code. 家长应帮助教育孩子们形成严格的道德规范

46、。proof释义释义n. C, U information or evidence that shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists 证据；证物；证词 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords要享受打折优惠，你必须证明你的学生身份。 To receive the discount, you must show proof of student status. We have no proof that any of these well-known conversations actually took place,

47、 but we are prepared to believe that they did. (Jan. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译你有什么证据证明这个人偷了你的包吗？ Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag? convey释义释义vt. to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly （间接 地）表达，传达（思想或感情）例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords她总是对自己的工作表现出一股热情。 She always con

48、veys a sense of enthusiasm for her work. Jans office conveyed an impression of efficiency and seriousness. 例句例句翻译翻译简的办公室给人留下高效和庄重的印象。 offend 释义释义vt. to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something 冒犯；得罪；使生气例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords电视节目审查官正在剪掉一些他们称可能会引起冒犯的镜头。 Television censors are cutting out

49、scenes which they claim may offend. 例句例句翻译翻译他为自己发表的评论道歉并说他无意冒犯该团体。 He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community. privacy释义释义n. U the freedom to do things without other people watching you or knowing what you are doing 独处；个人自由；隐私 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords他们不希望他们的个人隐

50、私受到记者们的侵犯。 They dont want their privacy invaded by reporters. 例句例句翻译翻译在个人家里安放窃听器是对个人私生活的侵犯。 A hidden microphone in a persons home is an invasion of privacy. chase 释义释义v. to follow someone or something quickly in order to catch them 追逐；追赶；追踪 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords警察沿街追赶小偷。The police chased the thief down

51、 the street. They decided to chase the cow away before it did more damage. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译外面院子里，孩子们叫喊着在互相追逐。 Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other. at all costs / at any cost 释义释义used for saying that something must be done however diff

52、icult it is or however much damage it causes 不惜一切代价This relentless pursuit of economic growth at any cost is questionable. 不惜一切代价追求经济增长的做法是有问题的。PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译TextWe will save his life at all costs. 我们将不惜一切代价挽救他的生命。例句例句翻译翻译释义释义例句例句翻译翻译如果你不还清欠款，我就到法院告你。take sb to court to begin a case against

53、someone 把某人送上法庭PhrasesPhrasesIf you do not pay up, I will take you to court. 例句例句翻译翻译我们决定不起诉他们，免得惹事生非。We decided to let sleeping dogs lie and not take them to court. 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译be entitled to do sth to give someone the official right to do something 使（某人）有权利做某事 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译He is entitled

54、to attend the conference. 他有资格参加这个会议。 Im entitled to apply for citizenship. 我有资格申请公民身份。 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译 一般说来，从暴富到破产会经历四个阶段。 in general In general, there seem to be four stages to the flush and crash. as a whole, without giving details 总的来说 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译The plant or animal has, in general, the

55、power of reproduction. 一般说来，动植物都有生殖能力。 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译外科医生一般不给亲人动手术，因为他们得置身事外保持冷静。 stand back Surgeons usually avoid to do operation for their relativesas they have to stand back to stay calm. to not let yourself be influenced by your feelings about a situation so that you can think about it more clear

56、ly 置身于一定距离之外（考虑事物）PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译It is very difficult for parents to stand back when they see their child bullied by other kids.当看到孩子被别的小孩欺负事，家长很难做到置身之外。 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译因为害怕隔墙有耳，我们连说话也得放低声音。for fear of We hush our voices for fear of being heard. (doing) sth in case you make something bad happen

57、生怕；以免 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译For fear of accidents, the driver drove very slowly. 因害怕发生事故，这位司机开得很慢。释义释义例句例句翻译翻译他以损害健康为代价完成了那件工作。at the expense ofHe finished the job at the expense of his health. if something is done at the expense of someone or something else, it is only achieved by harming the other

58、 person or thing 以为代价PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Dont profit yourself at the expense of others. 不要损人利己。释义释义例句例句翻译翻译我们希望你学习新的技术，遇到新朋友，最重要的是让自己开心。 above all We hope you will learn new skills, meet new people, and above all enjoy yourself. used for referring to something that is more important than any of th

59、e other things you could mention 首先；首要的是PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译This bike is light, strong and, above all, inexpensive.这部脚踏车既轻又坚固，最重要的是价格不贵。Culture pointsCulture pointsJohn F Kennedy (约翰F肯尼迪) (19171963) was President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in D

60、allas, Texas on 22 November 1963. His death shocked the whole of America.记者的责任是什么？是向读者告知信息？还是记者的责任是什么？是向读者告知信息？还是让主编满意？是不惜任何代价站在法律的一边？还让主编满意？是不惜任何代价站在法律的一边？还是只管写一则好的新闻故事？或者说他们是不是有是只管写一则好的新闻故事？或者说他们是不是有责任遵循人的行为规范，不管要付出多大的代价，责任遵循人的行为规范，不管要付出多大的代价，冒着多大的危险？冒着多大的危险？这里有几例记者们遭遇过的左右为难的情形。这里有几例记者们遭遇过的左右为难的情形