初中英语时态总结

1、初中英语时态总结效佳教育杨凯勋英语中时态总共有16中，但就初中阶段而言，需要把握好其中的8中就可以了。他们可分为三类：1.一般的：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时。2.现在的：现在进行时，现在完成时。3.过去的：过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时。那么我们下面就这三类来做一下详细的讲解和分析。-一般现在时1 .概念：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。2 .基本结构：主语 +动词原形/be动词(is,are,am) +其他成分。(如主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词要改 为第三人称单数形式)2.1 (1)否定形式：is, are ,am加not;若句子的谓语动词为实义动词，则在其前加don

2、t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt,同时还原实义动词。(2) 一般疑问句：若句子的谓语是be动词，那么要把be动词放于句首；若句子的动词是实义动词，就借助助动词 do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does,同时， 还原实义动词。2.2 谓语动词的三单规则变化”1) 直接在动词原形后加-s.ask-askswork-worksget-getsstay-stays2) 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加 -es. watch-watcheswish-wishesfix-fixesdo-doesgo-goespass-passes3) 以辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词

3、，要先变 y为i再加-es.try-triesstudy-studiescry-cries fly-flies3 .用法a) 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。My sister wears glasses.我妹妹戴眼镜。He often goes to the cinema.他经常去看电影。【注】询问某人的习惯时，有时还可用ever。如：Do you ever eat meat? ” No, I never eatmeOl吗？”欢不吃肉。”b) 表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态。Mother is ill.母亲病了。He is always like that.他总是那样。c) 表示现在的能力、

4、特征、职业等。如：He sings well.他唱歌唱得好。Mr. Smith teaches French.史密斯先生教法语。d) 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太),4 .标志词：通常与般现在时连用的词有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, monthon Sundays, everyday, in the m

5、orning, once a week, three times a week 等练习题1. Alice often play the piano?. No, sheA. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesn2. your pen friend in Beijing?A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live3. Tom and Mike very excited, they will takea trip.A. is B. are C. am4. I like very much. What about you?A. dan

6、ce B. danced C. dancing5. I can t find my pen. Let me.A. go and ask her B. go and ask hers C. go and ask she6. Fang fang is a good student. She math.A. does good at B. well do it C. is good at7. The kite a bird. A. look like B. islooking C. looks like8. Bill and I good friends.A. is B. are C. am9. S

7、andy often his homework on Sundays.A. do B. does C. did10. What do you usually do on the weekend? IA. went swimming B. go swimming C. visited grandparents11. What do you usually do on your holiday?A. saw elephants B. sing and dance C. took picturet 12. I a student. I go to school busevery day.A. is;

8、 by B. am; on C. am; by13. I a brother. She a sister.A. have; has B. has; has C. have; have14. You a student. He a teacher.A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are15. He always football games.A. watches B. watch C. doesn t16. My best friend shells.A. collectsB. collect C. often17. She doesn t listening to t

9、he music.A. often B. like C. likes18. My mother and I always watchromantic films.A. doesn t B.don t C. do19. -When he get home on Friday?He gets home at four on Friday.A. do B. does C. did20. Summer spring.A. comes after B. comes in C .comes before经常性的动作、行为1 .概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、2 .基本结构：主语+动词的过

10、去式/be(was/were) +其他成分2.1 (1)否定形式：若是be动词其形式为：was/were+ not,若是实义动词的过去式，就在实义动词前加didnt,同时还原实义动词。（2） 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词 do的过去式did 提问，同时还原实义动词。2.2 动词原形变过去式的规则变化直接加edwork worked look looked play played, 以e结尾的单词，直接加 d：live lived hope hoped use used, 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变 y为i加edstudystudied carry carried worry w

11、orried,以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加edenjoy enjoyed play played以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+edstop stopped plan planned3 .用法1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂2）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时，我常常在河里游泳。）, i

12、n 1989, just now, at the age of 54 .标志词ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last（year, night, monthone day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam fly study are drinkplay go makedoes danceworry ask taste eatdrawput havestop read do二、句型转换。1. Tom listened to CDs ye

13、sterday.（变否定句）Tom to CDs yesterday.2. Father slept all day last Monday.（改一般疑问句） Father all day last Monday?3. I was very busy last week.（改否定句和一般疑问 句）I very busy last week. you very busy last week?4. She took the wallet away from the table.（对划线部 分提问）She the wallet away from?5. Last weekend, she got u

14、p very early.（ 对划线部分 提问） she up veryearly?6. Jimmy read a book about history.（对划线部分提 问） Jimmy ?7. Sally went to the pool yesterday.（改为一般疑问 句）Sallyto the pool yesterday?8. They had a party 2 days age.做为否定句 ）They a party 2 days ago.9. We did our homework last Friday.（改为否定句）We our homework.10. Her week

15、end was very interesting.（戈1J线提问） your weekend?11. I played soccer on my computer last weekend.（戈 U 线提问）What you on your computerlast weekend?12. Did he study English well?（改为肯定句）He English well.13. It was time for lunch.（同义句）It was time lunch.14. He can t seything on the blackboard.（同义句）He can on t

16、heblackboard.15、He did some cleaning this morning.（对戈1J线部分提问) he the morning?16、My weekend was very good.(对划线部分提问) Weekend?17、We went to the mountains last weekend.( 对戈4. Her weekend was very busy.Sheweekend.5. I can see nothing because it is very dark. see because it is verydark.J线 部分提问)the mountai

17、ns ?18、He did his homework last night.(改为否定句)He his homework last night.19、John went to the zoo last Saturday.时划线部分 提问) John last Saturday?20、Tom played football this afternoon.(改为否定句 )Tom football thisafternoon.21、Barry visited his uncle last Sunday.(改为一般疑 问句)Barry his uncle lastSunday?22、They went

18、 to the beach a week ago.(对戈U线部分 提问)Did they a week ago?三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1、I (do) my homework yesterday morning 2、My brother (go ) to study in America last year.3、Did you go(visit) your uncle yesterday?4、We(take ) the train to Shanghai yesterday.5、I(study) for today s math test last night.6、We (have)

19、fun at your birthday party last night.7、He(not eat ) breakfast this morning.8、Last Sunday afternoon we(play) tennis and_ (clean ) the room.9、Last night I(study) geography for an hour.四、同义句转换1. It was time for breakfast.It was time breakfast.2. Did they take a walk with their pet dog last year?Did th

20、ey a walk withtheir pet dog last year?3. Do you think everyone enjoys his weekend?Do you thinkeveryone 1 .概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。或者表示 计划、打算、准备做的事。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。2 .基本结构：a. will (第二，三人称)/shall (第一人称) + do. b.主语+is/are/am going to doing+其他成分。2.1 (1)否定句：在 will/shall+not+do, shall not

21、和 will not 的缩写式分别为shant 和 wont.在 be动词后直接加not.(2) 一般疑问句：把 be动词或者是 will/shall提至句首即可。3 .用法：(1) 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天至I。Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？We won t (shan t) be busy this evening.们今晚不忙。(2)在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如：Will she come?

22、她(会)来吗？(3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b)：a. Where shall we meet?我们在哪儿碰头？b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow? 明天我们有课吗？在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用will ,特别是在美国。例如:How will I get there? 我怎么去？(4) be going to+ 动词原形a.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。例如：We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖座楼。How a

23、re you going to spend your holidays? 假期你准备怎样过？b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。(5)用一般现在时表示将来的情况。在主从复合句中，当主句为一般将来时时，在 if, as soonas,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：If it doesn t rain this afternoon, we ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨，我们将进行一场足球比赛。4.标志词tomorrow, the day aft

24、er tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening , next year/week/month/hour , in+段时 间 in the future , this afternoon/Sunday/evening from now on , one day, someday (未来的)某天 soon实战演练()1. There a meeting tomorrowafternoon.A. will be going toB. willgoing to be C. is going to beD.will go to be()2. Charlie

25、 here next month.A. isn t workingB. doesn t workingC. isn t going to working D. won t work()3. He very busy this week, hefree next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be()4. There a dolphin show in thezoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is goingto have C. will haveD. isgoing to be (

26、)5. -you freetomorrow?No. I free the day aftertomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are;going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going tobe; will be()6. Mother me a nice present onmy next birthday.A. wills givesB. will give C.givesD. give1 .概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2 .基本结构：主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+

27、其他成分的意义，只是与后面的现在分词一起构成句子的谓语。(注：其中be动词体现现在的时间。且其没有任何实际)2.1 (1)否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他成分。(2)若变为一般疑问句，就把be动词放于句首即可。2.2 动词现在分词的变化规则：1 .直接 + ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)2 .去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite biting)3 .重读闭音节且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ingSit- sitting , plan-planning stopstopping4 .以 ie 结尾变 ie 为 y+ing (例：die-dy

28、ing lie-lying )3 .用法1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。-what are you doing? 你在做什么？-1 am reading English.我正在读英语。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力Steven is running after Kate.3）go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表将来。I m going to Beijing this Sunda本周日我打算去北京。4）若现在进行时与频度副词always,often,constantly

29、等连用，通常表示说话人的感情色彩，或赞许或批评He is always thinking of others, not of himself.（ 表赞许）Tom is always laughing at others.（表批评）4 .标志词若在句中出现了 now, these days等或当句子中含有listen, 100k等暗示词时，就用现在进行时。现在进行时练习题实战演练1. What are you doing(do) now? I _ameating(eat) bread.2. It s nine o clock. My father isworking(work) in the o

30、ffice.3. Look, the boy is puting(put) the rubbishinto the bin.4.Does he cleaning(clean) theclassroom? No, he isn t. He isplaying(play).5. Where is Mak? He isrunning(run) on the grass.6. Listen, who is singing(sing)in the music room? Oh, Mary issinging(sing) there.将下列句子改成现在进行时1. Tom can speak Chinese

31、.2. We have four lessons.3. I watch TV every day.4. She works in a hospital.5. Do you like this book?6.Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve.7.His father can help them.8.Danny, open the door.填空：1. She is(walk, walking) now.2. Mother is(feed, feeding) birds.3. They are(sitting, siting) on the chai

32、r.4. Cindy is(watch, watching) TV.5. Joe is(jogging, joging) in the garden.6. Look, Nick is(coming, come).7. The cat is(lieing, lying) on the rug.8. Listen, she is(singing, sing).9. Look, the girl is(run).10. The cat is(eat) now.11. Look, the baby is(smile).12. My mother and my father are(dance).13.

33、 Uncle Jerry is(drive).14. The fish is(swim) in the river.15. She is(shop).根据汉语意思填空1 .你要去哪儿啊？ Where are you?2 . Nick 正在爬攀登架.Nick is(climb) the jungle gym.3 .他们正在读书.They are books.4 .爷爷正在吸烟.Grandpa is.5 .我在做作业.I am(do) my homework.6 .我妈妈正在做饭.My mother is.7 . Jerry 在喝柠檬果汁 .Jerry is lemon juice.8 .他正在写

34、信.He is a letter.9 .看！ Cindy 来了 .Look, Cindy is.10 .我们在唱歌. We are now.填入be动词的适当形式1. He drinking water.2. The eagle flying in the sky.3. Children playing in the playground.4. They are working now.5. I going to the supermarket.6. I coming.7. He walking in the woods now.9. They watch TV in the evening.

35、1 .概念：(1)强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。(2)强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是 哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。(3)在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。2 .现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have (has)呦词的过去分词+其他成分2.1 肯定句中：主语 +have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p) (V-ed) +宾语.否定句中：主语 +have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p) (V-ed

36、) +宾语.一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p) (V-ed) +宾语.特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed) +其他)2.2 动词过去分词的规则变化(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed。”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “ dlive-lived-lived ,(3)、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，将y变为i,再加“ edstudy-studied-studied ,crycried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个

37、辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加 “ edstop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped dropped3 .用法(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，也就是说，动作发生在过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了 .)Jane has laid the table.(简已经摆女？了桌子)Michael has been ill.（现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad.（现在已

38、在止匕地 ）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用实义动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for （+时间段），since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用 .for+时段为-时间since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段 +agosince+从句（过去时） 5） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注：短暂卜动词（buy,die,join,lose 卜不能直接与for , since连用。要改为其对应的延续性动词

39、Come/arrive/reach/get tobe inGo outbe outFinishbe overOpenbe openDiebe deadBuy-haveFall ill-be illCome back-be backPut on -be on/wearWorry-be worriedCatch a cold-have a cold 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have

40、 borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put onb)用“be形容词”代短暂性性动词1、be married 代 marry 2、be ill 代 fall (get) ill3、be dead代 die 4、be asleep代 fall (get)

41、 asleep5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be missing(gone, lost)代 losec)用“be副词”代短暂性动词1 “be+on代 start, begin2 “be+up代 get up3 “be+back(to)代 return to, come back to, go back to4 be here (there)代 Come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,r

42、each,get) there 等等d)用“be价词短语”代短暂性动词1 .“ be in/at 地点+ ”代替 go to /come to2 .用 be in the army 代替 join the army3 . “ be in/at 地点+ ”代替move to四常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表+相应的介词：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at 2. have come/gone back/returned have been b

43、ack3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been closed/opened6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been

44、 over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone t

45、o have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party s member/the league member/the soldier 五用法注意：1 .现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语)如 yesterday(morning、 afternoon),last(morning、 afternoon)等， 除非与 for, since 连用.2 .现在完成时往往同

46、表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already (肯定), yet (否定，疑问) , just, before, recently, still, lately, never 等 :He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3 . 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用 ,如 often, sometimes, ever, never,

47、 twice, on several occasion 等 :Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.4 . 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 ,如 now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far 等 :Peter has written six papers so far.Man ha

48、s now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.5 . 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had fourtexts this semester.6 .现在完成时的 完成用法 现在完成时的 完成用法 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。 ）现在完成时完成用法 的特点是动作不延续，因此，

49、该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already， yet， before， recently 等 ）、频度时间状语（如： never， ever， once 等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 （如：this morning / month /year. ， today 等）连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？7 .现在完成时的 未完成用法现在完成时的 未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如： He has lived here since 1978.自从1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。

50、（动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于 5年前，直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 （由 since 或 for 引导 ） ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now, so far）等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意： （1）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完

51、成或延续时间很短的动词。如： come， go， arrive ， leave， join ， become， die 等。8 .一段时间 +has passed+since队句9 . 现在完成时常和短语 up to now /till now, so far （ 意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在 .）Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。10 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has b

52、een （in） 的区别gone:去了没回been to :去过been in：呆了很久10.不能与when连用六.标志词Already,yet,just,since,for+ 时间段，次数如：实践操练Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I already(see) the film. I(see)it last week.2. he(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work.He is tired now.4. Wher

53、e s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I just(finish) myhomework.three times 等。9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your science book yet?11.

54、 If it(be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.12. The students(read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. Ive lost my pen.you(see) it anywhere?1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come4. has gone 5. have worked, moved

55、6. have made7. have, stayed8. have, finished 9.goes10. have, found11. is 12. were reading13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen六.过去进行时1 .概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。2 .构成：1.过去进行时由 主语+was/were +现在分词”构成例如：We were having supper when the phone rang.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。2 .过去进行时的否定式由主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成例如：This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰 克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车？3 .过去进行时的疑