初中英语八大时态讲解及练习题目(全)

1、实用标准文案一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month)，once a week,on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则 用doesn't ,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does,同时，还原行为动词。在一般现在时中，当

2、主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。She has lunch at twelve.她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀：I用am , you用are , is用于她他它，单数名词用is ,复数名词都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：Han Mei looks like her mother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

3、Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。This book is yours.这本书是你的。四、不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词 this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here.大家至 U齐了。 There is something wrong w

4、ith the watch.这块手表有毛病。五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small.那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。【练习】一、单选1 Jenny in an office. Her parents in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working w

5、ork2 One of the boys a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it tomorrow.A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain4 He said the sun in the east and in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei music and often t

6、o music.精彩文档注：在这种构成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were 。Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数。2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式 did.肯定句式：主语 +动词（过去式）+其它否定句式：主语 + didn ' t动词（原形）+其它 【did not = didn】't一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词（原形）+其它【do , does的过去时均为did ?注：1. did和didn '是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词

7、的原形。2 .实意动词do的一般过去时I do my homework every day.（用 yesterday 改写句子 ）I did my homework yesterday.I didn ' t do my homework yesterday.（否定句）Did you do your homework yesterday ? Yes ,I did. /No, I didn '寸般疑问句）3 .情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。），in 1989,肯定句式：主语 +情态动词+其它否定句式：主语 +情态动

8、词+ not +其它.一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其它？A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;listen6 Jenny English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he( come) to visit.2 your sister(know)English?3Her home( 远离 )her school.4The pot(not look) like y

9、ours very much.5 Where you(have)lunch every day?6 Who(想要)to go swimming?7 she(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually(play) games in the afternoon .二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, monthjust now, at the age

10、 of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)1.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词白句子中使用 be动词，am is的过去式为 was; 注：情态动词的过去式：canfcould , may fmight, must fmust , will-would , should-should 。are的过去式为 were肯定句式：主语 + be（was , were） + 其它.否定句式：主语 + be（was , were） + not + 其它.一般疑问句：Be（was , were） +主语+其

11、它？4.特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？clock last night.What was your former name ? 你以前叫什么名字？Why was he late for school last Monday ? 上星期一他为什么迟到?What could she do twenty years ago ? 20 年前她能做什么？规则动词的过去式1 .一般情况下，在动词原形后面加 -ed。100k -looked playfplayed start fs

12、tartedvisit fvisited pull -pulled, cook-cooked2 .以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-do live lived useused taste -tasted3 .以 辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y改为i ,再加 -ed ostudy studiedtry triedfly flied4 .以重读闭音节（即辅音十元音+辅音）或 r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个 辅音字母后， 再力口 -ed。 stop fstopped plan f planned stop -stopped prefer 一 preferred5 .不规

13、则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am（is）-was, are-were （是），become _became （ 成为）go-went （走）基本用法 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the

14、 room and then went out for a walk.她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the cl

15、assroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.1

16、3. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What she(find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father(read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike(not go) to bed until 12 o'17. I listened but(hear) nothing.18. How many people(be) there in your class last term?二、按要求变换句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about hi

17、story.(一般疑问句)Frank an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his roomjust now. (划线提问) What he?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.(否定句)Thomas RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week.(划线提问)family last week?1. I(have) an exciting party last weekend.2.she(practice) her guitar

18、 yesterday? No, she.3. What Tom(do) on Saturday evening?He(watch) TV and(read) an interesting book.4. They all(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She(stay) at home and(do) some cleaning.6. When you(write) this song? I(write) it last year.7. My friend, Caro

19、l,(study) for the math test and(practice) English last night.8. Mr. Li(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he.9. How(be) Jim's weekend? It(be not) bad.10. (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she.三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成：be+现在分词。be应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则1 . 一

20、般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing ,如：work - working study - studying2 .动词以不发音的 -e结尾，要去-e力口-ing,如： make - making dance - dancing3 .重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再力口 -ing,如：put - putting begin - beginning4 .以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变成y再力口-ing ,如：lie - lying tie - tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式dance shop play speak have work write take study sit sing swi

21、m lie变化：肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语 +be(am, is, are) +not + 现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词 +be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。用法(包括高级用法)：1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition.不要吵闹。我正在写

22、作文。Let's set off. It isn' t rainingnow.发吧。现在不下雨了。这类情况常与 now 现在，at the present 现在，at the moment 现在，today 今天，this week 这个星期，this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如：It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurry up! W

23、e are all waiting for you. 快点！我们大家都等着你。Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。Where is Kate? She is reading in the room.凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 为什么哭呢？有什么不对？2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。We are working in

24、a factory these days.这几天我们在一家工厂工作。They are compiling a dictionary.他们在编一本词典。这类情况常与 today今天，this week这个星期，this evening 今天晚上，these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约。Is your brother departing soon?你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？这类情况常与 come来，go去，leave离开，depart离开，arrive到

25、达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜欢跟别人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her son's health.她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。The boy is forever asking questions.刃 B个男孩老是问问题。这类情况常与 always总是，usually通常，continually不断白constantly经常的，forever

26、永远、老是等副词连用。5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today? ）你今天感觉如何?I am looking （look ） forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再来。Why are you looking （do you look ） so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。Our study is becoming m

27、ore interesting.我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。The leaves are turning red.树叶渐渐地变红了。The war is ending.战争接近尾声了。Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper.等会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。适合于此种用法的动词有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go 变成，begin 开始，forget忘记，remember记得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.7, "be词的现在进行时。"be"动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的

28、、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。He is being foolish.他在装傻。He is being honest.他表现得特别老实。She is being rude.她故意表现粗鲁。I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。适合于此种用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心 的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁白polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、 性格的形容词。（“b呦词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表

29、示心理或生理的状态而不带 有行动时或主语不是人时，“b型词不能用于现在进行时）如：I am happy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用 am being ） 我很快乐。He's tired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用 is being ）他很疲倦。It's hot today.（主语不是人，不可用 is being ） 今天很热。【练习】一.填空题1. Mr Zheng(read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. . Look ! Tom and John(swim).4. My brother(make) a kite in

30、 his room now.5. Look! The bus(stop).6. We(have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is(come).8. They(catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.11. Look! He(dive) now.12. Tom( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors(get ) off the bus.14. Come on. The

31、y ( leave ) now.15. It(eat) fish now.16. My father(work) in the office now.肯定回答：否定回答：对The boy提问：2.造句：1） .she,the window,open,now.（用现在进行时连词成句.）2） .is,who,the window,cleaning?（连词成句）3） .She is closing the door now.（ 改成否定句 ）4） ）You are doing your homework.（用"I"作主语改写句子）5） .they,the tree,sing,no

32、w,under.（用现在进行时连词成句.）6） .The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.（改成一般疑问句 ）四、过去进行时：（一）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。（二）结构 ： were /were+ V-ing.（三）标志词：1.at this/that time,17. Where is your mother?She (answer) the 2.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ),phone.3.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (l

33、ast night / Sunday ),18. The teachers(run) now.、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：一般疑问句：4. when sb/sth. did sth. last evening5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while 等。例如：I was making fruit salad at this time.They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.(四)一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑

34、问句及简略回答。1 .肯定句：主语 +was/were+V-ing+ 其它.I was watching TV at that time last night.2 .否定句：主语 +was/were+not+V-ing+ 其它.f I was not watching TV at that time last night.3 .一 般 疑 问 句 ： was/were + 主 语 +V-ing+ 其它？fWere you watching TV at that time last night?肯定回答：Yes, I was.否定回答：No, I wasn' t.4 . 特 殊 问 句：

35、 疑 问 词 + was/were + 主 语 +V-ing+ 其 它？ What were you doing at at that time last night?（五）基本用法：1 .过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。（用介词短语和从句来表示时间点）I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.（过去某时亥U ）My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday.（过去某时亥U ）We were having supper when Tom came in.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了？（从句表示时间点

36、）2 .过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。（the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, when等。）Lucy was working all day.（过去某一段时间）We were watching TV from seven o' clocko nine o' clockast night.3 .在复合从句中，从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生，那么主从句都要过去进行时。While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspaper.他

37、边等车边看报。 （两个动作都是延续的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他洗车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）（六）when和while的用法区别when既指时间点，也可指一段时间。因此 when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也 可以是延续性动词while只指一段时间。while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。 While后面一般用过去进行时。如果从句和主句的

38、动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while引导，a.When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we were talking, the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.【练习】1.1 at 8:00 yesterday.A. was sleeping late B. slept late C. sleep late2 .They at this time.A. talking on the phone B.were talking on t

39、he phone B. was talking on the phone3 .Lily was standing in front of the library.A. two hours ago B. tomorrow C. at that time yesterday4.1 when the UFO arrived?A. was cutting hair B.was cutting hair C. cutting hair5 .My father was reading newspaper my mother was cooking dinner.A. when B.while C. wha

40、t6 . My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C.fell, rode7 . I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A.worked B. was working . C is working8 .-what were you doing at seveno' clocklast Sunday? -I the shower.A. was getting

41、 out of B. got out of C.was get out of9 . I my breakfast when the bell rang.A. had B. was having C.am having10 The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. traveling11 . - What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad.”-Oh, nothing much. in fact, I of my fr

42、iends back home.A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking12 .What from three to four yesterday afternoon?A.have you done B.did you do C.were you doing13 .-I called you yesterday evening.but there was no answer.-Oh, I 'm sorry I dinner at my friend ' home.A.had B. was ha

43、ving C.have14 .My mother while my father TV.A. cooked, was watching B. was cooking, was watching C. cooked, watched15 .when I got home, my son the music.A. am listening B. listened to C.was listening二、动词填空。I.John (work ) all day yesterday.2. He (walk) home when the rain (begin ).3. -What you (do) at

44、 ten o'clock yesterday ? -I (study) in class .4. While Harry ( have ) breakfast, Lily telephoned him .5. I(write) a letter at t en last night.6. It was six. The Greens(have) supper.7. When you(knock) at the door yesterday,I(do) some washing.8. While my mother(watch) TV, I(make) a kite.9. you(fee

45、d) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?10. Mrs Green(not wash) clothes at this time last Saturday.三、按要求改写句子。1.1 was getting out of bed when the UFO landed.(对划线部分提问)you when the UFO landed?2 . They played tennis yesterday afternoon.( 用 at 5:00 yesterday afternoon改写句子)They tennis at 5:00 yesterday

46、 afternoon.3 . While it was raining ,the plane took off.(改 为 同 义句)It was raining the plane off.4 .昨晚八点钟我爸爸在看报纸。My father a newspaper at 8:00 yesterday evening.5 .电话响时，我妈妈在做晚饭。My mother when the phone.6 .当外星人买纪念品时，我报了警。the alien was buying a suvenir ,I the police.6.1 was washing my shoes at that time

47、.(改 为 一 般 问句)your shoes at that time?五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始， 持续到现在的动作或状态。（一）构成：主语+ have/has + V过去分词。“have /has ”如何使用需记清。当主语是I, you和复数名词或代词时要用have;单数主语后跟has。也就是说have/has需同主语的人称或数保持一致。（二）用法接触一：肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has） +过去分词”。如： We have just finished our homework . She has gone ho

48、me注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have （has）和过去分词之间可用 just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用巴经“、刚刚“、过”或了 ”等。接触二：疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如： Have you read this story book yet ?特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下： What have you done with my bike? You've read this story book, haven't you?注意：1）现在完成时

49、的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“过吗？ "、巴经了吗？等。3）其肯定回答用 “Ye s. . have （has）.:否定回答用 “No. haven't （hasn't）. ", 有时用"No not yet ."或"No never ."。接触三：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't （hasn't ） +过去分词”。如： We haven't studied Unit 2 yet . The train hasn't s

50、topped yet注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为 还没有”等。接触四：用法之一：现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:Have you read that story ?你读过那个故事吗？（读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）I have bought two apples . 我买了两个苹果。（买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成日连用的几个副词：already , just, ever, yet,never等。already , ju

51、st多用于肯定句中，ever , yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework .我已经做完家庭作业了。He has just had his meal .他刚吃过饭。Have you ever sung this English song ?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？They haven't started yet .他们还没有动身。We have never heard of it .我们从来没有听说过这件事。接触五：用法之二：表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注：这一用法即现在完成进行时的用法因为表

52、示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait,keep, have 等；使用的时间状语通常由 for或since引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间，如 for three years, for halfan hour 等。since作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如 since 1980 ,也可以接工段时间+ago”,如：since three years ago, since two months ago 等。since还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如： We have

53、 known each other since we went to college.非延续性动词不能直接和for或since连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语可与just, ever, never 等连用。如：I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。3. have(has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：来替换这些非延续性动词，如：c

54、omefbe, come to -be in / at, go out f be out, leave fbeaway, begin / start -be on, stop f be ov erbuy- have, borrow - keep, open fbe open, close f be closed, join f be a member of, die f be dead, catch a cold f have a cold, get to knowf know, become a teacherfbe a teacher, fall asleep fbe asleep, fa

55、ll ill等。be ill句型It is the first ( second, third.) time that. 的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如： It is the first time that I have been here.I've been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。4. have(has) gone to 意为 到某地去了 "，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。

56、总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？一He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。接触八：常用于现在完成时的时间状语接触六：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。)The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。(强调动作发生的时间在过去。)接触七： have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法1. have(has) been in 意为 巴经在某地呆了多长时间 ”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们至 U力口拿大有五年了。2. have(has) been to 意为 曾经去