【中考英语精品复习资料】语法基础

1、【中考英语精品复习资料】语法基础-1介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:Most of the students went to the classroom.大部分学生去了教室。We play basketball on the sports ground.我们在操场上打蓝球。介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。belong to 属于 rely on 依靠talk to 同.谈话 be afraid

2、of 害怕be strict with对.严格介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。Where do you come from?你是哪儿人?Who are you talking to?你在跟谁谈话呢?What do you study for?你为了什么而学习?介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。There are abo

3、ut fifteen trees in the picture.图片里大约有十五棵树。above 在.上,高出,以上,超过,在.上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多岁了。across 横过,对面,交叉,在.的对面.Can you swim across the river？你能游过河吗？We live across the street.我们住在街的对面。after 在.后面,依照.He went home after school.他放

4、学后就回家了。Read after me, please.请跟我朗读。against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,The car hit against the tree.汽车撞了树。He is standing against the wall.他靠墙站着。along 沿着,顺着.They are walking along the river.他们沿着河行走。among 在.当中.He is the tallest among them.他是他们当中个子最高的。around 在.的周围,在.那一边.They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而

5、坐谈论新闻。There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。as 作为.He doesn't like people treat him as a child.他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。at 在.时刻,在.点钟,在.岁时, 向，在.之中，按.速度,值(卖).钱,He always gets up at six in the morning.他时常早上六点钟起床。He shot at the bird but missed it.他向鸟射击，但是没射中。The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽车以每小

6、时八十公里的速度行驶。before 在.的前面(位置),在.之前(时间)e took a picture before the car.他在汽车前照了张照片。He can't finish his work before supper.晚饭前他完不成工作。behind 在.的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，迟于,晚于(时间)Are there any brooms behind the door.门后有扫帚吗？All of us are behind him in mathematics.我们数学都不如他。below 在.之下,低于,There are four lights below

7、 the ceiling.天花板下面有四盏灯。The murderer run away below the police's eyes.杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。beside 在.的旁边,在.之外,与.相比.He found the body by the river.他在河边发现了尸体。Beside yours， my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。besides 除.之外,We are all here besides Bowe.除鲍外，我们也都来了。between 在.两者之间,The relations between the

8、two countries has improved since then.两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。beyond 在.那边,The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。but 除去.He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有。by 被., 在.的近旁 , 在.之前, 不迟于, 以.为手段。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由学生们打扫干净了。Miss Lucy cam

9、e to China by air.露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。down 沿着.望下。She walked down the street.她沿着街道走。during 在.期间,在.时候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了南方。except 除.之外。He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道。for 为., 因为., 至于. 。He works for this company.他为这家公司工作。She came back to the classroom for she had left

10、 her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。?from 从., 来自., 因为.。Where are you from?你是哪里人？He died from an accident.他死于一场事故。in 在., 在.之内，从事于., 按照., 穿着.。He was born in 1992.他生于1992年。I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。The man in black jacket is ou

11、r teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。like 象.，如同.。The twins are like their father.双胞胎象他们的父亲。near 靠近.。There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。of .的，属于.。This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。off 离开.，在.之外。The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车。I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不

12、远的一个村庄里。on 在.之上。My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。out of 从.出来，在.之外。The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来。outside . 外边.They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着。over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越过.。There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯。He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁。past 越过.，过.，超越.。The students walked past the post

13、 office.学生们走过了邮局。It is ten past two.现在是两点十分。round 围着.，绕过.，在.周围。We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下。The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。since 自. 以后，自.以来。He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。through 经过.，穿过.。They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。throughout

14、 遍及.，在各处。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。till 直到.，在.以前。He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到十一点钟才回来。We'll be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。to 到.，向.，趋于。How long is it from here to the station？从这儿到车站有多远？under 在.之下，低于。There are some footballs under the

15、 bed.床底下有几颗足球。These students are under seventeen years old.这些学生们不到十七岁。until 直到，在.以前，Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周，我才交了数学论文。up 在.上面，在.上。He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯。upon 在.之上，迫近.。It's not polite to look down upon hi

16、m.蔑视他是不礼貌的。within 在.之内。You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项工作。without 没有，不，在.之外。We can't do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。We couldn't live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。【冲击2010年中考英语精品复习资料】语法基础-2冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, a

17、n。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在 发音以元音开头的名词之前。不定冠词的用法:1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天给了他一本书。I am reading an interesting story .我在读一本有趣的故事书。I have got a ticket.我有一张票。There is a tree in front of my house.我的屋前有一棵树。2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其

18、中的一个代表一类。A horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用。A bird can fly.鸟会飞。A steel worker makes steel.炼钢工人炼钢。3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。We often go to school two times a day.我们常常一天两次去学校。I went to the library once a week at least.我一星期至少去一次图书馆。The potato is sold at about 30

19、 fen a jin.土豆卖三毛钱一斤。4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。A boy came to see you a moment ago.刚才有一个小孩来找你。I got this tool in a shop.我在商店买的这件工具。We need a car now.我们现在需要一辆车。She is ill, she has to see a doctor.她病了，她得去看病。5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。a few 几个 a little 有点She has a few friends in this city.她在这个城市中有几个朋友。There is a l

20、ittle milk in the bottle.瓶子里有点牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom.只有几个学生在教室里。定冠词的用法。1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine.桌子里的书包是我的。Is this the book you are looking for?这是你要找的书吗?Do you know the man in back?你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？It is not the car we are looking for.这不是我们要找的

21、车。The man has found his child.那个人找到了他的孩子。2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with th

22、e radio.露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一

23、类人或物。The dog is not too danger.狗不太危险。The cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.The wounded were brought to the hospital.受伤者被送到了医院。He always helps the poor.他经常帮助穷人。

24、The deaf can go to this special school.耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。I saw a plane coming from the east.我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。He is the last one to help me.他不会来帮助我的。7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。The little girl likes to play the

25、violin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。They are going to the cinema tonight.他们今晚要去影院看电影。The theater was on fire last week.剧院昨天着火了。8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。I am reading the China Daily now.我现在正读中国日报。Have you got the Evening Paper yet?你拿到晚报了吗?The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周报在桌

26、子上放着。9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。We live near the Yellow River.我们住在黄河边上。The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.长江是中国最大的河。The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜马拉雅山位于西藏。10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。The Greens is very kind to us.格林一家人待我们很好。The Whites like the classic music.怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。不用冠词的场合。1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。Ch