采矿工程专业英语词汇手册

1、采矿工程专业英语词汇手册(GlossaryofSpecialEnglishinMiningEngineering)?采矿学?双语教学专用采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年九月Content目录Introduction2饰.：.2Chapter 1 BasicconceptsofCoalMining.：2第一章煤矿开采的根本概念.2Chapter 2 CoalMiningmethods:3第二章采煤方法的概念和种类3SectionIMineFieldDevelopmentandMiningDesign第一篇井田开拓及矿井开采设计Chapter3BasicConceptsofMineDevelopme

2、nt:4第三章井田开拓的根本概念.4Chapte4MineDevelopments5第四章井田开拓方式.4Chapter 5 DevelopmentRoadwaysLayout6第五章井田开拓巷道布置.4Chapter 6 evelstation-.7第六章井底车场.4Chapter 7 MineDevelopmentDeepeechndcTlReform1第七章矿井开拓延深和技术改造.4Introduction)minen.矿山,矿井.v.米矿collieryn.矿井coalmining采煤undergroundmining地下开采surfacemining露天开采reserven.储量co

3、al-bearingadj.含煤的highproductionandhighefficiency高产高效developmentn.开拓preparationn.准备miningmethod采煤方法subsidev.下沉,沉陷subsidencen.沉降,沉陷miningsubsidencen.开采沉陷mechanizev.使机械化mechanizationn.机械化Chapter 1 BasicConceptsofMim()coalfieldn.煤田miningarean.矿区minefieldn.井田dividev.戈U分divisionn.戈U分mineproductioncapacity

4、(MPC矿井生产水平mineservicelife矿井效劳年限productionscaleofmine井型smallmine小型矿井middlemine中型矿井largemine大型矿井hugemine特大型矿井striken.走向dipn.倾向dipangle倾角workableadj.可采的workablereserven.可采储量openingn.通道,开口mineopeningn.矿山井巷passagewayn.通道shaftn.立井roadwayn.巷道chambern.胴室mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井blindshaft暗立井dr

5、awnshaft溜井chuten.溜煤眼aditn.平胴driftn.平胴crosscutn.联络巷；石门coalcrosscut煤门entryn.平巷haulagen.运输mainhaulageroadway主要运输平巷mainreturn-airroadway主要回风平巷headentry区段运输平巷tailentry区段回风平巷slopen.斜井risen.上山dipn.下山rockrise岩石上山coalrise煤层上山coalhaulagerise运煤上山materialtransportingrise运料上山return-airrise回风上山men-walkingrise行人上山

6、inclinedroadwayofastrip分带斜巷inclinedcoalhaulageroadwayofastrip分带运煤斜巷inclinedmaterialhaulageroadwayofastrip分带运料斜巷developmentroadway开拓巷道preparationroadway准备巷道gateway回采巷道pitbottom井底车场shaftbottom井底车场stationn.车场,车站miningdistrictstation采区车场horizonn.阶段leveln.水平haulagelevel运输水平return-airlevel回风水平mininglevel开

7、采水平intervalbetweenlevels阶段垂高miningdistrict采区paneln.盘区subleveln.分段stripdistrictn.带区inclinedlength斜长strikelength走向长度districtsublevel区段Open-offcutn.切眼coalfacen.采煤面workingface工作面productionn.生产；产量productionsystem生产系统coalhaulagesystem运煤系统ventilationn.通风ventilationsystem通风系统freshair新鲜风dirtyair乏风,污风refusen.

8、肝石materialandrefusetransportationsystem运料NE肝系统drainv.排水drainagesystem排水系统powersupplysystem(electricpower,compressedair)动力供给(电、压风)communicationandmonitoringsystem通讯、监测系统drivev.掘进excavatev.开挖,开掘hoistv.提升winchn.绞车Chapter 2 CoalMiningmethod采煤方festope采场miningworks/units回采工作basicoperation根本工序breakv.破碎load

9、v.装载haulv.运输auxiliaryoperations辅助工序roofsupport顶板支护gobtreatment采空区处理auxiliarytransportation辅助运输ventilation通风drainage排水powersupply供电,emulsionsupply供液乳化液等.winning/miningtechnique采煤工艺miningsystem采煤系统miningroadwaylayout回采巷道布置classifyv.分类drymining旱采wallminingsystem壁式开采full-seammining整层singlelongwallmining

10、method单一长壁采煤法longwallminingonstrike走向长壁开采longwallminingonincline倾向长壁开采sublevelcaving放顶煤shield掩护支架slicingmethod分层inclinedslicing倾斜分层horizontalslicing水平分层obliqueslicing斜切分层top-slicingsystemofsublevelcaving水平分段放顶煤pillarminingsystem柱式开采体系roomandpillarminingmethod房柱式roommethod房式hydraulicmining水采undergrou

11、ndliquefaction地下液化undergroundgasification地下气化roofcaving垮落法自然垮落、强制放顶packing充填法pillarsupport刀柱式flatseam近水平煤层gentlyinclinedseam缓斜煤层inclinedseam倾斜煤层/中斜煤层steeplyinclinedthickseam急倾斜厚煤层：thinseam薄煤层medium-thickseam中厚煤层thickseam厚煤层steeplyinclinedseamwithanhugethickness急倾斜特厚煤层blastingminingtechnology炮采conven

12、tionallymechanizedminingtechnology普通机械化采煤工艺fullymechanizedminingtechnology综合机械化采煤工艺fullymechanizedminingwithtopcoalcavingtechnology综采放顶煤工艺continuousminer连续采煤机shuttlecarn.梭车universalextensibleconveyor万向接长机boltv.打锚杆；n.锚杆miningmethod采矿方法；miningoperation采矿作业；groundcontrol顶板治理；recoveryrate回采率；subsidencec

13、ontrol地表沉陷限制cover覆盖层；overburden上覆地层；immediateroof直接顶；floor底板；hardness硬度；strength强度cleavage解理gas,methane瓦斯dailyoperation日常工作singleoperation单一工序unitoperation单元作业auxiliaryoperation辅助作业cuttingn.切割,掏槽；lightingn.照明outcrop露头,露出地面的岩层developmentstage开拓阶段productionstage生产阶段haulagecapacity运输水平mainentry主巷barrie

14、rpillar隔离煤柱/边界煤柱buttentry/districtsublevelentry区段平巷shearer滚筒采煤机planer,Plow刨煤机augermining螺旋钻开采rapidexcavation快速掘进oceanmining海洋采矿ChaptersConceptsofMineDeve10Plm®tF拓的概念mineboundary井田边界terrainn.地形topographyn.地形学geologicalstructure地质构造faultn.断层foldn.褶皱downfoldn.背斜upfoldn.向斜coalquality煤质occurrence赋存m

15、inegeologicalreserve矿井地质储量usablereserves(A+B+C+D)可利用储量temporaryuselessreserves暂不能禾U用储量mineindustrialreserveZg=(A+B+C)矿井工业储量futurereserve(D)远景储量workablereserve可采储量designedlostreserve设计煤炭损失recoveryrate回采率MineProductionCapacity(MPC)矿井生产水平coalfaceoutput采煤工作面产量miningdistrictproductioncapacity采区生产水平costpe

16、rtoncoalproduct吨煤本钱mineservicelife矿井使用年限minefielddevelopment井田开拓developmentroadway开拓巷道developmentway/mode开拓方式developmentsystem开拓系统portaltype井筒类型aditdevelopment平胴开拓slopedevelopment斜井开拓shaftdevelopment立井开拓combineddevelopment综合开拓developmentroadwaylayout开拓巷道布置mainroadwayforsingleseam分层大巷gatheringmainroa

17、dway集中大巷gatheringmainroadwayforeachcoalseamgroup分组集中大巷singlelevel单水平multiplelevel多水平preparationtype准备方式risetype上山式riseanddiptype上下山式combinedrisesanddip上山、上下山混合式industrialarea工业场地mininglevel开采水平pitbottom井底车场developmentdeepening开拓延深replacementofmininglevel水平接替transportationfacility运输设备electromechanica

18、lmineoperation矿井机电作业capitalinvestment根本建设投资.minability可采性marketability适销性,可销性coalreserve煤矿nominal,名义上的,极小的.operatingmine生产矿井surfacetopography地面地形,外表地形coalfield煤田measure层组coal-bearingmeasure含煤地层tilledarea耕地reservoir水库powerline电力线,输电线reservationn.保存地；自然保护区Chapter4MineDevelopmeiayW田开拓)portal井筒/入口expect

19、edlifeofthemine矿井的设计使用年限railhaulage轨道运输drift/adit平胴shaft立井,竖井slope斜井mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井transferhouse中转煤仓/中转货仓headframe井架hoisthouse/winchchamber提升机房,绞车房skip箕斗cage罐笼cardump卸煤设备storagebin井底煤仓pressuredrop压降capitalcost基建费用advancingmining前进式开采retreatingmining后退式开采descendingmining下行式dow

20、nwardsmining下行式upwardmining上行式double-trackedtrainhoistingsystem双钩串车提升系统Single-trackedtrainhoistingsystem单钩串车提升系统endlessrop无极绳提升Overheadmonorail单轨吊Sublevelslopedevelopment片盘斜井开拓Starcase-likeAdit/stagedadit阶梯平胴pumpstation泵站sumpn.水仓areadevelopment分区域开拓gasn.瓦斯methanen.沼气,甲烷Chapter4.1Wilingsystemintroduc

21、tionChapter4.2Groundcontrol工作面周围地层：Mainroof老顶,根本顶Overlyingstrata上覆地层：Immediateroof直接顶Gob采空区-Facerib(煤壁)Floor底板Underlyingstrata下伏地层Groundcontrol顶板处理方式：(1) Caving;(2) Pack.Stable切口,机窝deadwork准备工作,非生产性工作.Mobilebeltconveyor可移式胶带运输机Noexception无一例夕卜regularmaintenancen.日常修理,定期检修Downtime停工期(由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时

22、间,停工时间,停机时间Clearance空隙Immediateareaoftheface:工作面的直接区域Ribline煤壁线,腰线heading掘进头,平巷uptodip沿倾斜上行Compressionstrength压缩强度Underlyingstrata下伏地层bedseparation离层Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian,弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效,适用Halfbuttcutting半垂直切割Angleofattack冲角virginconditions原始条件；HarderroofstrataSoftercoalseamuniformlydistributeds

23、tress,theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbymining采动弓I起的Stressdistribution应力分布Deflect偏斜,偏转,挠曲,下垂Cavein冒顶,垮落Frontabutmentpressure前方支承压力Sideabutmentpressure侧向支承压力Rearabutmentpressure前方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：150mfirstfelt/occur出现,有反响,有感应；4560mpickupslightly略有增长,略有加速；1521mincreaserapidly迅速增长；1.5-5m支承压力峰

24、值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure峰值大小：1.5-5overburdernweight前方压力：verticalpressurefacearea：farbelowthecoverloadgobarea：graduallyincreaseatlast：thecoverload范围：0.3-0.4theoverburdenthickness.NoabutmentpressureSideabutmentFirstfelt:Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范围:fromtheri

25、bto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure:0.015hMagnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空区稳定-slip,sag,separate-caveinFacearea工作面区SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal实体煤Chapter4.3RoofsupportsystemFace-to-gobdista

26、nce控顶距,工作面到采空区的距离.Yieldpressure屈服压力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面品巨Precut预切割Frames节式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram双作用千斤顶Webcut截深Shields掩护式支架Doublelink双键Lemniscate双纽线,四联杆Roofcanopy顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg,prop立柱canopy顶梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩护梁flipper,spauling

27、shield护帮板slider,jackboard插板ram,cylinder,jack千斤顶hose油管emulsion乳化液valve阀supportyielding支架卸载Chapter 4.4 Longwallcoal-gettingmachineminer,miningmachine采煤机shearer滚筒采煤机continuousminer连续采煤机motor电动机、马达electricmotor电机haulagegearcase牵弓陪Bgearhead传动部cutterdrumgearcase滚筒截害U部bedplate底盘、底座controlunit限制装置chain链条red

28、ucinggearbox减速箱pillboard挡煤板cowl挡煤板bit截齿drum滚筒ranging-arm摇臂gear齿轮track轨道geartrack齿轨gearcasen.齿轮箱Rotor转子Chapter 4.5 Conveyingsystemflexibleflightconveyor/facechainconveyor工作面可弯曲刮板输送机maincomponents主要部件drivehead机头部electricmotor电动机Hydrauliccoupling液力联轴器speedreducer减速器chainwheel/sprocket链轮driveheadframe机头

29、架middlesections中间部linepan溜槽flight/scraper刮板linkchain舌U板链endlesschain无极链机尾部tailend机尾架Driveendframe链轮sprocket附属装置auxiliarydrives/units挡煤板spillboard/spillplatecowl罩,夕卜壳铲煤板rampplate千斤顶jackchaindrive链式传动：classificationaccordingtochainarrangement双边链doublestrandoutboardchain三链triplestrandchain单中链singlemidd

30、lechain双中链doublemiddlechain新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直转弯式roller-curvefightconveyor转载机TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor桥式转载机bridgestageloader区段皮带输送机Maincomponents皮带belt托辐roller支撑托辐supportingroller机架frame传动装置driveunit电动机electricmotor联轴器coupling减速器speedreducer滚筒drum卸载滚筒unloade

31、ddrum机尾导向滚筒tailguidedrum拉紧滚筒take-updrum机尾导向滚筒guidedrum拉紧装置take-upunits制动装置Brakingdevices采区运输系统：上山rise下山dipDipangle<15°beltconveyor15°<Dipanglew25°chainconveyorDipangle>25ceramicconveyor水平运输系统水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor矿车trolleywagons机车locomotive电力机车trolleylocomot

32、ive蓄电池机车batterylocomotive矿车wagon固定箱式矿车FixedboxwagonTippingbucketwagonFrontunloadingwagon底卸式矿车Bottom-dumpwagon立井提升系统矿井提升系统Minehoistsystem提升机Enginehoist钢丝绳wirerope天轮headsheaven.滑轮箕斗skip辅助运输auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、设备、肝石、人员副井AuxiliaryshaftSimilartoma

33、inshaft罐笼Cagehoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallytransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteistransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaulthewagonst

34、otransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采区上下山districtriseanddip1有极绳提升Directropehoistdipangle:8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连,通过绞车winch放出和收回.2无极绳提升Endlessropehoistdipangle:<10区段运输Tailentry：wagons+wireropeOverheadmonorail单轨吊OverheadendlessropehoistTransferconvey

35、or转载运输机Stageloader桥式转载机Rollercurveconveyor滚轴转弯运输机Chapter4.6Vhtilationsystem风机：Ventilationfan回风井：Returnshaft进风井：IntakeshaftWorkingfaceIntakeworking回风巷道：Returnroadway新鲜风：FreshairAirflow乏风：Dirtyair回风系统：抽出式通风：Exhaustventilation负压negativepressure压入式通风：Forcedventilation正压Positivepressure风机类型：离心式风机：Centrif

36、ugalfan；轴流式风机：Axialflowfan.通风设施：Ventilatingstructures风墙：Ventilationwall风门：Airdoor风桥：AirbridgeAirregulator防尘、灭尘：Dustsuppressionwaterspray洒水,mistspray喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机fixed-drumbi-directionalshearer单滚筒可调高采煤机single-drumranging-armshearer双滚筒可调高采煤机double-dramranging-armshearer矿井瓦斯：minegas瓦斯：gas,methane,fired

37、ampAllhazardousgasesinundergroundcoalmines,itsmajorcomponentisCH4.Colorless,odorless,nonpoisonous,Combustible.Itsdensityislessthanthatoftheair,soitoftenaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯限制Gassymine高瓦斯矿井Chapter5DevelopmentRoadwaysLayOUti布置Chapter 5 PillarsystemTwodistinctphasesofoperation:Fi

38、rstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling钻眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosmallforefficientlo

39、ading.Blasting爆破explosivesareloadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn起爆Loading装煤shuttlecarsectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的水平,至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道.由于生产环节多、分散,逐渐被连续采煤方法取代.Continuousminingmethod.连续采煤方法Icontinuousminer+shuttlecar连续采煤机+梭车工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting间断运输工艺

40、IIcontinuousminer+(intermediate)conveyors连续采煤机+输送机工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting连续的运输工艺Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod开端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillarblockslifts/slices煤柱一一块一一切块Coalproperty煤矿

41、Area盘区Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.设计Slough脱落,剥落,碎落；崩落,坍塌,滑坍Crush压碎Afunctionof是的函数,随而变.Relativestrength相对强度Clearance净空BlockofcoalRoomworkCuttingconsequence切害U顺序Faceminingcycle工作面开采循环Miningpractice开采ColloquialkE5lEukwiEladj.口语的,通俗的Dictate规定,制定Outline形成轮廓IncorporateasAmple充足的,丰富的solidworkchainpillar巷道煤柱l

42、essen减少,减轻lift小煤块、slice切块physicalconditionn.实际条件post柱子,支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱,窄煤柱handloading人工装载commonpractice惯例concurrentlyn.同时发生地,并行地inplace就地,原地；在地层内rideover骑马来,跨在上masonryn.砖石工程,砖石建筑砌筑.Masonrystopping砌筑风墙Canvasstopping帆布风帘LineBrattice纵向风障Loadingstation装车点Chapter 6 LevelstatiOriff场)Chapter6Roadwa

43、yexcavationandsupport1 Roadwaysection巷道断面掘进drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘进Drifting巷道掘进roadwayexcavation平巷掘进n.drifting沉井,凿井n.sinking上山掘进n.raising下山掘进n.1) Theshapeofroadwaysection断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、效劳年限和支护材料.Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions,theservinglifeandsupportingmaterials.井筒Shaf

44、t,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal顺槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal2) Thesizeofroadwaysection断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途.Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸,还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改.Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorotherdevicesused,and

45、itismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.净宽,netwidth；净高netheight;净断面面积netsectionarea.3) Roadwayexcavationinrocks岩巷掘进炮掘,爆破掘进：blastingexcavation装岩,除渣：mucking掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业,其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护,辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等.Theexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbreaking,loading,ha

46、ulageandsupport,andauxiliaryworkincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.1) Breaking破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法.Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.(1) drillingDrilln.钻机气动轻型钻机,风钻Air-jackleg气腿式钻机Air-jacklegdrill架式钻机Drifter钻车,凿岩台车Jumbo,drillcarriage湿式

47、钻进Wetdrilling干式钻进Drydrilling钻孔borehole(2) Blasting爆破炸药：Explosive装药：Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；电雷管：electricdetonator炮眼布置方式：drillingpattern掏槽眼：cuthole辅助眼：auxiliaryhole周边眼：trimhole顶眼：roofhole帮眼：flankhole底眼：Bottomhole起爆顺序：firingsequenceCutauxiliaryroof&flankbottomThetyp

48、eofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序,这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距确实定.Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼.2) Excavationfaceventilation掘进面通风Fan风机Airpipe风筒3

49、) loadingandhaulage装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovelmucker耙斗装岩机Scrapermucker机车+矿车Locomotive+wagons4) support支护3Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘进1) conventionalexcavationofcoaldrift传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式电钻：handheldelectricdrillloading:handloading人工装煤scrapermucker：耙斗装煤机coalloader：装煤机扒抓,蟹抓2gath

50、ering-arms舌U板输送机：1scraperconveyor2) 综掘fullymechanizedexcavation(1) gatewaymachine平巷掘进机组成：掘进头,(boom)cutterhead,cuttinghead装煤装置：loadingmechanism扒抓,蟹抓gathering-arm舌U板输送机：scraperconveyorhaulage：皮带输送机：beltstage-loadermechanism履带行走装置：crawlertravelmechanism支撑千斤顶：supportingcylinders,用来固定机器othercylinders,con

51、trolcutterhead液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作：操作时,首先驱动履带行走装置,使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后,伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶,支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机.然后,切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁.操作水平摆动千斤顶,使切割头割到底部的另外一侧,这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业.操作升降千斤顶,使切割头向上割一定距离(切割头的直径),然后用相同的方法再割第二刀.执行这个循环作业,直到割完整个断面.平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面,如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形.Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:circular,horseshoe,archedandrectangular.(2) continuousminer连续采煤机roofbolter锚杆安装机,锚杆机.Theroofbolterisarubber-tiredvehicleusedtodr