2017英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新部分详解文字答案校对版

1、1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1._distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equ

2、ipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2._what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how the

3、y interact and the direction 3._in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, the more one accepts ones strengths and works 4._towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5._communication skills, the better will be their interactions

4、andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6._communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a

5、large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7._help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing can

6、didates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8._communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in deli

7、vering custom-made 9._programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person re

8、lationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._charactera character that differs it in various ways from 3._other rel

9、ationships. Examples might include special dates, places, songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._social unitwhether a relationship, group, organization, or societydevelops a culture with the passage of time. While the defining

10、 characteristics of each culture are unique, all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5._communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6._Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural ch

11、aracteristics 7._are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of

12、social communication. Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9._another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题Whe

13、n I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the     &#

14、160;   1. _rink, my friends mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my     

15、0;            2._  vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive

16、60;evaluation; that        3. _  much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I             

17、;  4. _ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, arent they? My

18、0;friends mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her    5. _  expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we c

19、an indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both            &

20、#160; 6. _ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our            7. _ own first language. But sometimes we need

21、60;to ask, as I should have asked for plush, and this is particularly true in the                        

22、        8._aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by             9_speakers of the language you are&

23、#160;learning, you can ask them directly,  but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.

24、                            10. _2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of

25、 research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions      1._have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area:  2._Is it possible to acquire an addition

26、al language in thesame sense one acquires a first language?                             3._What is the explanation for the fact adults have   

27、60;                 4._more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional languages?What is the role of the language teaching in the    &#

28、160;             5._acquisition of an additional language?What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all   &#

29、160;        6._the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do      7._so. Whether one

30、labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under              8._focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an     

31、60;       individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning          9._or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt

32、in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.  10._2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes  involved in language. Psycholinguistics stu

33、dy understanding,  production and remembering language, and hence are concerned      1._with  listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. One reason w

34、hy we take the language for granted is that it usually    2._happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.             

35、;   3._ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page,  4._ you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional

36、  circumstances we might  become aware of 5._the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot  remember it;  if a relative or colleague h

37、as had a stroke which has  6._influenced  their language; if we observe a child acquire language;  7._if  we try to learn a second language ourselves as an 

38、;adult; or  if we  are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else  8._who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called&#

39、160;“language in exceptional circumstances”  reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But  9._given that language processes  wer

40、e normally so automatic, we also  10._need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening.  2012年改错真题 The central problem of translating has always been

41、0;whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least  1._the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many write

42、rs favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the  2._letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter  3._not the manner. Th

43、is is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who  4._wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of  5._19th century, when the study of cult

44、ural anthropology suggested that  the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was  6._entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible  7._&#

45、160;gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must  8._be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the  9._ extreme “l

46、iteralists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not 

47、;discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.  10. _2011年改错真题From a very

48、early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3.

49、_and write books. I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the

50、 lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant

51、facts, and I 8._felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10._volume of serious i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote

52、my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 2010年改错真题So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally  complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that&

53、#160;is,  every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say          1_the things their speakers want to say.     

54、60;                                              2_There may 

55、;or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive      3_peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all  groups of people are eq

56、ually competent in nuclear physics or  psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the             4_fault of their

57、0;language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in            5_English,

58、0;but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those  sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and  subtle than English. This example do

59、es not come to light a defect       6_in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and&#

60、160;the English live in similar  7_environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms         8_for different kinds of snow, presumably,

61、 if the environments in which  Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.           9_Similarly, we have no reason to doubt&#

62、160;that the Eskimo language  could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture  or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos'

63、 life.             10_For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had

64、a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, an

65、d a clarence?2009年改错真题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference       &

66、#160;   1._ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener  2._has&

67、#160;grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchild          3._The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be

68、60;something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore,  4._therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5._learnt; and in the gen

69、eral, it passes between children of the same age, 6._or nearly so, since it is uncommon  for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five y

70、ears. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7._for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted

71、 over and over; very  8._possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live aft

72、er so much 9._handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the                           10._2008年

73、改错真题The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent         1

74、._part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate         2._a given language to show that they are distinctive from another &#

75、160;        3._race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States         4._split off from Britain, for example, there wer

76、e proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a          5._different language from those of Britain. There was even&#

77、160;one            6._proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would 

78、;certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English         7._  and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone  

79、;            8._ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before.   &#

80、160;               9._Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world    10._that political independence and national identity

81、 can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language. 2007年改错真题From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can  ma

82、ke very positive statements about how language originated.  There is no material in any language today and in the earliest          1._ records o

83、f ancient languages show us language in a new and           2._ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language    

84、        3._ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the           4._ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: t

85、here are no remote    tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of  a language with a large proportion of such cries          

86、0;   5._ than we find in English. It is true that the absence      of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds 6._too the 

87、;theory is not very attractive.  People of all races and languages make rather similar  noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that      

88、            7._ such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen  and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,  serves to emphasize

89、 on the fundamental difference             8._ between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amu

90、sement  are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent,                  9._ whereas language proper does not consist of 

91、signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional. 10._2006年改错真题 We use language primarily as a means of communication with  other human beings.&

92、#160;Each of us shares with the community in which we  live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as     1._to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular        2._message: the English speake