book8unit4语法

1、1. _ (污染的污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health.2. The problem _ (在会议在会议上讨论的上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve.3. He became _ (兴奋兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.4. I am _ (感兴趣感兴趣) in the story.Polluteddiscussed at the meetingexcitedinterested定语定语定语定语

2、表语表语表语表语Revision5. I havent got the film _ (冲洗冲洗develop) yet.6. Do you know the man _ (站站) beside the door?7. A breaking cup is lying on the floor.(改错改错) 8. The meeting holds yesterday was very important.(改错改错) developedstandingbreaking改为改为brokenholds改为改为held宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语 定语定语RevisionThe past parti

3、ciple can be used as:定语定语1表语表语2宾语补足语宾语补足语3状语状语4 二. 学习-ed 分词作状语 1. 作用： 例句1. After accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. = After he was accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 表, 相当于一个时间状语从句时间状语从句, 过去分词前可加when, while, be

4、fore等来强调时间概念。 Ex. 1) 从山顶上看, 这个城市就像一个大花园。 _ , the city looked like a big garden. 2) When _(complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year时间时间Seen from the top of the hillcompleted 例句2. Deeply moved by the story ，the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. = Because the excited

5、people were deeply moved by the story ，they stopped quarrelling with each other. 表_, 相当于一个原因状语从句原因状语从句。 Ex.1) _ (受演讲所鼓舞), the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 2) MrSmith，_ of the _ speech，started to read a novel. Atired；boring Btiring；bored Ctired；bored Dtiring；boring 原因原因De

6、eply moved by the speech A 例句3. Given time(假以时日假以时日)，Lina will make a first-class tennis player. = If Lina is given time，she will make a first-class tennis player. 表_ , 相当于一个条件状语从句条件状语从句, 有时过去分词前可用if , unless等词。 Ex. 1) 水如果被加热, 会变成水蒸气。 If _, water can be turned into steam. 2) Unless _ (除非让你发言), you s

7、hould sit silent. 3) 再给他一次机会, 他会做得更好。 _条件条件 heatedasked to speak（If ）Given another chance, he will do it better. 例句4. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 (Though) Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. =Though they were exhausted by the running, they went on

8、running after the robber. 表 _ ，相当于一个though/although引导的_ Ex1) (Though) _(尽管被许多人嘲笑) , he continued his study. 例句5. The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. =The old man went into the room and he was supported by his wife. 表表方式或伴随方式或伴随情况情况。(相当于_连接的并列分句) 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工

9、作问题 _, my father and I were talking about my job. =My father and I were seated at the table _ we were talking about my job . 让步让步Laughed at by many people and Seated at the tableand 2. 意义: ed分词短语做状语可表示_ _ _ _ _ _等意义。这种-ed分词状语相当于一个时间、原因、条件、让步等_从句，若-ed分词表方式或伴随情表方式或伴随情况况时，相当于_连接的分句。句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成_关系，

10、即是该分词动作的承受者。 -ed分词（短语）作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词_等，以便明确作何种状语。 巩固练习: Rewrite the following sentences using participles: 1) If the town is seen from the top of the hill, it looks more beautiful. =_, the town looks more beautiful 2) As the watch is used for a long time , it needs repairing . =_, the watch needs r

11、epairing .3) Though he had told many times he couldnt understand it. =_, he couldnt understand it时间、地点、原因、条件、时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随让步、伴随状语状语 and动宾动宾/被动被动when,because,if,once,though,unlessSeen from the top of the hillUsed for a long timeTold many times 三. 注意事项: 1. 某些过去分词（短语）来源于_结构，有些甚至具有形容词形容词的特征，因此，虽然它们作

12、状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的_关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作_语。这类过去分词（短语）常见的主要有： caught in(陷入，遇上), devoted to, disappointed at, determined to, dressed in, exhausted，hidden, lost in, prepared for, seated, tired of 等。 Ex. 1) _ (对考试的结果感到失望), the top student sat there in stony silence. 2)_ (因为被大雨所困), Jennifer didnt arrive on ti

13、me. 3) _ (对党非常忠心), the young soldier gave his life for his country.系表系表主动主动状状Disappointed at the examination resultsCaught in the heavy rainEntirely devoted to the Party 2. 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别: 下列句子哪个正确？ Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.（ ） Seen in this l

14、ight, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.（ ） 总结: 过去分词与句子主语构成_关系(_), 而现在分词与句子主语构成_ 关系(_)。 Ex. 1)We cant go out in this weather, said Bob, _ (look) out of the window. 2) _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering

15、C. To suffer D. Suffered 3) The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun动宾动宾被动被动主谓主谓主动主动looking 3. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则须在分词前加上自己的_，构成独立主格结构。 Ex 1) Her homework _ (finish), Jessica went out for a walk. 作

16、业做完后，杰西卡出去散步了。 2) Weather _ (permit), well go there on foot 3) _ (settle), the meeting ended. 问题得到解决，会议就结束了。 4) Night _ (come) on, we started for home.逻辑主语逻辑主语finishedThe question settledcomingpermitting 4. 英语中有一部分分词短语，它独立存在，没有自己的逻辑主语。这些分词短语已成为固定的惯用语，常被看作句子的插入语，常见的有： Generally speaking 一般说来 Strictly

17、( Honestly/ Frankly/ Roughly/ Broadly) speaking 严格地/诚实地/坦白地/粗略地/泛泛地说 Talking of / about . 谈到 Considering考虑到，鉴于 Judging from/ by 根据判断 Taking all / everything into consideration 从各方面考虑 Allowing for 考虑到 Putting it mildly 说得温和一些 Ex. 1) _ (根据他的外表来看)，he must be American. 2) _ (一般说来), boys are more generou

18、s than girls.According to his appearance/lookGenerally speaking 现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not) having done(not) having been done一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式 to do to be done to be doing_ to have done to have been done( done 表示与逻辑主语是表示与逻辑主语是被动被动关系关系,动作动作已完成已完成.

19、)不定式的形式不定式的形式:比较非谓语的几种形式比较非谓语的几种形式 课后练习 一请找出下列句子的错误并改正 1. Giving more attention, the tree could have grown better. 2. The computer center, opening last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 3. Losing in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.4. Before used it, the mac

20、hine must be checked 5. Dressing in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. Giving- Given opening-openedLosing-Lost去掉itDressing-Dressed 1-4 DADBB 5-9 ACDD Writing 1. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, _(一路上有说有笑一路上有说有笑). (-ing作伴随状语作伴随状语) 2. _(参加英参加英语演讲比赛语演讲比赛

21、)is a helpful way to learn English. （-ing作主语）作主语） 3. _(被他的话所感动被他的话所感动), I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing _ (名叫名叫“母亲母亲”的一首歌的一首歌) for the students.(-ed作状语和定语作状语和定语) 4. 尽管讲了很多次，他还是不明白这个问题。尽管讲了很多次，他还是不明白这个问题。(-ed作状语作状语) _ 5. At about 1 oclock this afternoon, Tracy called, _ 说他明天上午不能在咖啡屋说他明天上午不能在咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)同你见面同你见面 as she has something important to attend to. (-ing作伴随状语作伴随状语)talking an