宾语从句讲解(全)

1、.宾语从句（The Object Clause）学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He saidnothingaboutwho broke the window last night.主语 谓语动词代词作动词的宾语 介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法。在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that （that 常可省略）,whethe

2、r, if代词： who, whose, what ,which副词： when ,where, how, why 等。一）、连词：that （that 常可省略）,whether, ifHe told me （that he would） go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车 .Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试 .1、that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合

3、that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel thro

4、ugh space to other planets.注意：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don t think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句 一致.I don t belie

5、ve thaman is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的，是不是？I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词，如： unhappy ,unfair, dislike等）,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher

6、carefully, does he?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题（1） I don t think

7、 he is right,?A. isn t he Bis he C . do I D. don t I（2） . He believes she is right,?A. doesn t he B does he C . is she D . isn t she（3） .I thought that he disliked playing football,?A. didn t he B did he C . did I D . didn t I（4） . I find important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C.

8、 that D. what（5） . You can t imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get be

9、tter.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his blacksilk cap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I can t tell him that his mother died.4、当it作形式宾语时例旬： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，t

10、hat引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win , I believe .6、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2、由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为 是否。如：I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下

11、列情况下只能用 whether ,不能用if:在具有选择意义，又有 or或or not时，尤其是直接与 or not连用时，往往用 whether(if - or no他可 以使用)。如：Let me know whether /if he will come or not . (= Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether /if he does any washing or not . ( = I dont know whether or not he does any washing .)我

12、不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego . 我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether 0如：Im interested in whether he likes English .我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether 0如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man .他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasn

13、t decided whether to go by bus or by train .他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I cant say .这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether 0如：Whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时,则用 whether 0如：Please let me know if you like the book .可理解为：If y

14、ou like the book , please let me know .你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 if 引导条件状语从句，意为 如果 The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didn t come to school yesterday.引导状语从句 even if(即使)和 as if(好象)时 He talks as if he has known all about it.二)、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从

15、句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder,discover, understand, inform, advise 等。连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你

16、知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？连接副词有：when,where,why,how ,在句中担任状语的成分。He didn t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 .Could you plea

17、se tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题：(1) I don t know or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on the weather is fine.A. which B. whe

18、ther C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I don t know Mr. Green will come to see us. He ll help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?-Yes, MumA. what B.

19、 that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black s address is?-He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I m not sure of.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don t know.A. what should I choose B. which I should choo

20、seC. which should I choose D. what I should choose 三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who, what, which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer , please ?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockin

21、gs .这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose , what, which , howmany , how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class . 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room . 老师问我4房间里有多少人。3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m) , what, whic

22、h , how many , how much , when , why , how, where , if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi .他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which ,how many , how much , how 等。如：Do you know

23、which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was .她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 练习题：(1) Did you find out?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in?A. how did he do it B. h

24、e did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don t know. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?-He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day.A. he had t

25、o fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me?A. Where the bank nearestB. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where(6)She asked Tom with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. w

26、hat is the matter 四、宾语从句的时态 时态：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例旬：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例旬： She was sorry that she hadn t finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例旬：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 练习题：(1) I

27、t s 7:30. I can t believecyoking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven t started B. didn C. don t start D. hadn t started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d

28、 like to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “ Could you tell me?A. where are the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone“Yes. They to the library.B. where were the twins, have beenD, where the twins were, have gone(6) Our father said that he a n

29、ew computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys I hear that he toA. goes B. will goBeijing yesterday.C. went D. have gone注意:运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：建议 suggest、advise、propose ；要求 demand、desire request ； 决定 decide ; 命令 order command require ; 坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用(should)+v .(虚拟语气)Eg : I

30、suggested that you(should)study hard.He ordered that we should go out at once.虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1)虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time.祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Have a good journe

31、y! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out! 你出去！2)虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是 一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词 demand, sugge

32、st, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，should 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。3)虚拟语气用在主语从句中： 在句型It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . 中，that 后

33、面的从句中的谓语动词用：should +动词原形，如：Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4)虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A、与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you

34、,he,they)+ 动词过去式.if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 动词原形。He (you,they) would + 动词原形。B、与过去事实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。If she knew Englis

35、h,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，

36、使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope, decide , wish , choose , agree , promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.fLi Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. fWe decided to help him.方法二:当主句谓语动词是 know , learn , rem

37、ember , forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.fShe has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ? fCould you tell me how

38、to get to the station ? 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从 句可简化为 名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that w e should start at once. f The headmaster ordered us to start atonce.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.fHe insisted on going

39、with us.The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born.fThe poor boy doesow the timeand the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.f Liu Ping found a wallet lying oground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当

40、的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win.fThe boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found it difficult to learn English well.f Soon we eoundindI found that it was difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. covered with thick snow.fThey fou

41、nd the box very heavy.They found that the box was very heavy. 宾语从句练习1( )1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take()2 Catherine said that she to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )3 The stud

42、ents want to know whether they dictation today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are( )4 She asked Linda if go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )5 Linda said the moon round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled宾语从句练习2()1 Can you tell me you wer

43、e born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( )2 I dont know they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( )3 I hardly understand.he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( )4 She didnt know back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( )5 I dont know he still li

44、ves here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when( )6 Do you know they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( )7 He asked me told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose宾语从句练习3( )I.They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which( )2.Please tell me wh

45、at last year.A.where does your sister workB where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sister worked()3.She asked me if I knew.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( )4. You must remember.A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what()

46、5 Did you know?A. who he was looking afterC. who he is looking for()6 Could you tell me?A. when will they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing宾语从句练习4B. what did your mother sayD. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking afterB. when would they leave BeijingD. wh

47、en did they leave Beijing1. I dont know he will come tomorrow.he comes, Ill tell you .A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me the radio without any h

48、elp?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 4. I want to know.B. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after5. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live6. Do you know what time?

49、A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 7. I dont know. Can you tell me, please?B. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are8. The small children dont know.B. what is in their s

50、tockingsD. what in their stockingsB. what Christmas does meanD. what Christmas meansA. what is their stockings inC. where is their stockings in9. I cant understand.A. what does Christmas meanC. what mean Christmas does宾语从句练习5一、用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句1. What is her name? (I don t know)2. Where does Doctor Li

51、u Live? (Do you know)3. What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)4. Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)5. When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)6. What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)7. Whose box is it on the floor? (I m not sure)8. How much did y

52、ou pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)9. She is a teacher. (I hear)10. Does her aunt live in Paris? (I m not sure)11. Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12. Who will come to join us? (Do you know)13. My son is having a cold. (she said)14. W川 it rain again tomorrow? (I don t know)二、选择题1、Do y

53、ou know how much hot water?A. Mum is needed B. does Mum need C. Mum needs D. did Mum need2、Can you tell me?A. where he is B. where is he C. he is where D. what is he3、I didnt know how to London?A. would they go B. are they going C. they would go D. they are going4、I want to know how long.A. has he b

54、een back B. has he come back C. he has been back D. he has come back 5、Do you know?A. what the news are B. what is the news C. what the news is D. what are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A. was B. will be C. would be D. is7、He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A. gets B. is getting C. will get D. shall get8、Father music when he youngA. liked was B. liked is C. likes was D. likes is9、I liked sports I was young.A. so much as B. so much that C. very much when D. very much because 10、mother got home, I was tidying