跨文化交际Chapter 6

1、I.Introductions and greetings 介绍及问候 Making Introductions 见面介绍见面介绍 First names are used in the United States and Great BritainTitles are used when introducing people in Germany and Italya man is always introduced to a woman a young person is always introduced to an older person a less important perso

2、n is always introduced to a more important person whether male or female I.Introductions and greetings 介绍及问候 Making Greetings 招呼问候招呼问候 There are informal greetings and formal greetingsInformal verbal greetings are usually used between close friends Formal verbal greetings are usually used in busines

3、s situations nonverbal greetings include shaking hands, kissing and bowing Kissing is a very personal way of saying hello, dont kiss someone you dont know well I.Introductions and greetings 介绍及问候 Exchanging Business Cards 交换名片交换名片Always have your business cards printed on high-quality business card

4、stock, and have them professionally designed. Business cards are an internationally accepted method of providing the pertinent personal and contact details to your business partners. If possible, hand out your business cards either at the beginning or the end of the meeting. Every time you receive s

5、omeones business card, make it a point to study the card and comment on it. If youre traveling to a foreign country where English isnt the primary language of business, try to get the reverse of your business card printed in the local language. Dont attempt to thrust your business card upon someone

6、with whom you are hardly acquainted. I.Introductions and greetings 介绍及问候 Exchanging Business Cards 交换名片交换名片Its often helpful to add a tag line or mention the USP of your business on your business cards, but refrain from making it into a mini-billboard. Key Termscurry favor 拍马屁拍马屁 用于讽刺不顾客观实际，专门谄媚奉承、讨

7、好别人的行为。business card 名片名片 名片，中国古代称名刺，是标示姓名及其所属组织、公司单位和联系方法的纸片。名片是新朋友互相认识、自我介绍的最快有效的方法。交换名片是商业交往的第一个标准官式动作。USP 独特销售主张独特销售主张 独特销售主张，是一个很有名的销售理念，就是说用你独一无二的优点去吸引消费者，让他购买你的产品和服务。这个主张是广告界人士提出来的创作广告的方式。 瑞夫斯(Rosser Reeves 1910-1984)提出了“Unique Selling Proposition ”,简称USP,中文之意为“独特销售说辞”(也有人翻译为“独特销售主张”)。Glossar

8、yindicate v. 显示，象征，表明 abide vt. 遵守，忍受 recoil v. 退却，畏缩，弹回，报应 subordinaten. 属下 accompany vt. 陪伴，伴随，给 . 伴奏 vital adj. 至关重要的，生死攸关的 crucial adj. 关键的，决定性的 pertinent adj. 相关的，中肯的，切题的 acquaint vt. 使 . 熟知 refrain v. 节制，避免，克制 hierarchy n. 等级制度，统治集团 heed v. 注意，留心 1. How do you say “Hello” in French, German, an

9、d Spanish?2. Identify some rules for exchanging business card.3. What do people have to be careful about in introducing Americans and Chinese to each other?II. Social Entertainment 社交娱乐活动Dining Practices 餐桌礼仪 tips for hosting a business lunch or dinner When making the initial invitation, be sure eac

10、h guest is aware of the purpose of the gathering.If utilizing a set menu, be sure to include a vegetarian dish as an option. Arrive early! Wait by the door so you are able to greet guests as they arrive and escort them to the table.As your guests arrive, introduce them to one another and show them w

11、here you would like them to sit. When all the guests are present, it is the duty of the host to “call the meal to order.” Immediately upon sitting down, place your napkin on your lap. II. Social Entertainment 社交娱乐活动Dining Practices 餐桌礼仪 tips for hosting a business lunch or dinner The host sets the t

12、one for the meal. All good guests at a business or social meal will wait for the host to begin before starting their own meals. Dont keep them waiting. Take care of the check discreetly. Keep your napkin on your lap until it is time to leave the table. Thank each guest for attending.Once all of the

13、guests have left, thank the wait staff that assisted you. II. Social Entertainment 社交娱乐活动Seating arrangement 座位安排 Dinner TableNext Most IMP. Female Guest Most IMP. Female GuestHostNext Most IMP. Male Guest Most IMP. Male GuestHostessThe French Method of Seat ArrangementThe British Method of Seat Arr

14、angementDinner TableM o s t I M P . Female GuestNext Most IMP. Female GuestNext Most IMP. Male GuestMost IMP. Male GuestHostHostessII. Social Entertainment 社交娱乐活动Seating arrangement 座位安排 The Chinese Method of Seat Arrangement Next Least IMP. GuestMost IMP. GuestHostHostessDinner TableLeast IMP. Gues

15、tNext Most IMP. GuestII. Social Entertainment 社交娱乐活动Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会 When introducing others, make a connection during the introduction so that conversation is easy between the new acquaintances. It is easiest to approach a group of people if you know someone who is in the group. So that you do n

16、ot offer people a wet handshake, hold your drink in your left hand.There are several topics that work for small talk: how you know the host, something someone is wearing that is unique, the delicious food, an upcoming event what you do for a living, what they do for a living, and more. II. Social En

17、tertainment 社交娱乐活动Tipping 小费的给予 In a tipping culture, a tip of 15% of the bill is considered to be a generous tip in numerous situations like fine restaurants, but 20% is now closer to the norm when the service is excellent. Tipping service personnel at a resort or luxury hotel may add an additional

18、 25% to your bill. In a non-tipping culture, tipping can offend or insult the people of that culture. Key Termsdining etiquette 餐桌礼仪 餐桌礼仪是指人类社会在进餐时的各种公认礼貌标准，相反有些举止行为，在进餐时被认为是无礼，或影响别人食欲的。各国人们由于文化各异，所以餐桌礼仪在各国都有很大的不同。maitre d 餐厅侍者总管cocktail party 鸡尾酒会 鸡尾酒会是西方国家比较传统的一个社交节目。被邀请参加鸡尾酒会的客人一般都要正正经经修饰一番。例如男士要

19、穿西服或小夜礼服，女士要化妆要穿正装等等。鸡尾酒会上要小声说话、小口啜饮，小量进食，某些人士有时因饥饿难忍露出馋相，就会被认为有失礼仪。Key Termswet handshake 在跟英美人第一次见面相互握手的时候，一定要有点力度，如果握起手来有气无力，或者只伸出手指尖来给人握，就会给对方冷冰冰的感觉，英文中管这种握手叫做wet handshake。Glossarypoise vt. 使 . 平衡，为 . 做准备 scenario n. 情节梗概，剧本 exponentially adv. 成倍地，幂地，指数地 furious adj. 狂怒的，猛烈的 quadruple v. (使)成四倍

20、 gracious adj. 亲切的，高尚的 escort vt. 护卫，护送，伴游 discreetly adv. 谨慎地，小心地 content adj. 满足的，满意的 oblong n. 长方形(椭圆形) protocol n.礼仪;草案 Glossaryalternate vi. 交替;轮流 vt. 使交替;使轮流 honoree n. 主宾；领奖人 humbly adv. 恭顺地,谦卑地 equidistant adj. 距离相等的；等距的 gruesome adj. 可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的 subscribe vt. 签名，签署，支持 resort vi. 诉诸，常去 bellh

21、op n. 旅馆服务员 summon vt. 召唤，召集，振奋 offend vt. 犯罪，冒犯 virtually adv. 几乎，实际上 Comprehension Questions1. What do people have to keep in mind while hosting a business dinner?2. How do cultural differences in tipping?III. Gift Giving and Receiving 礼物的馈赠与接收Gift Giving 礼物的馈赠礼物的馈赠Be sure of the true purpose of t

22、he gift. Do your homework about the receiver. Be sensitive to personal and cultural differences. Know when corporate logos are appropriate.Use simple and elegant wrapping. Present your gift with style. III. Gift Giving and Receiving 礼物的馈赠与接收Gift Receiving 礼物的接受礼物的接受Show your appreciation when receiv

23、ing a gift in person. Let the giver know as soon as possible when a gift has arrived. Be sensitive to opening a gift in front of others. Know the bottom line. Key Termscompany logo 公司标志公司标志 公司标志是公司视觉识别系统中的核心部分，是一种系统化的形象归纳和形象的符号化提炼，经过抽象和具象结合与统一，最后创造出高度简洁的图形符号，既要能展示公司的经营理念，又要能在实际应用中方便适用，保持一致，如果用人的形象来比

24、喻，那公司标志相当于一个人的五官。thank-you note 感谢信感谢信 感谢信是一种礼仪文书，用于商务活动中的许多非协议的合同中，一方受惠于另一方，应及时地表达谢忱，使对方在付出劳动后得到心理上的收益，它是一种不可少的公关手段。感谢信是集体单位或个人对关心、帮助、支持本单位或个人表示衷心感谢的函件。Glossaryremembrance n. 回想，记忆，纪念品 platter n. 大浅盘，一盘食物 ritual n. 仪式，典礼，宗教仪式 utmost adj. 极度的，最远的 stationary n. 文具 sincerity n. 诚实，真实，诚心诚意 flair n. 天赋，

25、才华，鉴别力 Comprehension Questions1. What should people be careful about in giving and receiving gift ?2.How do gift-giving practices vary from culture to culture?IV. Dressing Rules 着装礼节 Dressing rules 着装礼节着装礼节Not following the 11-inch rule when wearing a skirt. Believing that permanent press clothes do

26、 not have to be ironed. Not investing in the same quality of business casual garments as when buying business professional attire. Assuming that mules are business casual shoes. Not wearing clothes that can take you into any meeting on a moments notice. Dressing for the job you have rather than the

27、one you want. Not wearing the same quality accessories on business casual days that you do when dressed professionally. Wearing flowery prints and gingham checks. Key Termspermanent press clothes 免烫的衣服 洗完之后，马上挂起晾晒，衣服还会比较平整，可以不用熨烫。mule shoes 前密后开的拖鞋（皮拖）Glossarycredibility n. 可信，确实性，可靠 hamper vt. 阻止，妨

28、碍 crisp adj. 脆的，易碎的，卷曲的，爽快的，明快的，(天气)干冷的n. 薯片，松脆物 imperative adj. 命令式的，急需的，祈使的 restriction n. 限制，约束 tune vt. 调音(频), 调节，使和谐vi. 和谐，调频 gingham n. 方格花布，条格平布 apron n. 围裙 Comprehension Questions1. What are the guidelines when trying to dress for success?V. Social Customs 社会习俗 Punctuality 守时守时 Invitations 邀

29、请邀请Invitation Timing 邀请的时间 1.Six to eight months before an important seminar to which out-of-town executives are invited. 2. Four to six months before an important dinner to which out-of-town guests are invited. 3. Three to five weeks before a luncheon. V. Social Customs 社会习俗 4. Four weeks before an

30、 evening reception. 5. Two to four weeks before a breakfast for a large group. 6. Two to four weeks before a cocktail party. 7. Two to three weeks before a tea party. V. Social Customs 社会习俗 Invitation Format 邀请信的内容安排邀请信的内容安排 1. Company logo or symbol (at the top or bottom of the invitation) 2. Names

31、 of the host 3. Nature of the party: state whether the event is for breakfast, luncheon, or dinner, a cocktail party or some other occasion. 4. Purpose of the party: such as to introduce someone or a new product, to honor a retiree, or to celebrate an occasion or another festive event.V. Social Cust

32、oms 社会习俗 5. Date and time 6. Place 7. Where to RSVP: the RSVP address or phone number is in the bottom left-hand corner of the invitation. 8. Special instructions: across from the RSVP address are any special instructions such as attire, parking instructions, where the event will be held in case of

33、rain, and so on.V. Social Customs 社会习俗 Responding to an Invitation 对邀请做出回复对邀请做出回复 1. Either use the address or phone number printed in the lower left corner of the invitation or return the RSVP card sent with the invitation. 2. If a Please reply by a given date is included in the invitation, be cons

34、iderate enough to reply by that date. 3. If the words Regrets only are printed in the lower left corner of the invitation, you need only notify the host if you will not be able to attend. If your host does not hear from you, you are expected to attend. Key TermsRSVP敬请回复 R.S.V.P. 是法语短语“rpondez,sil vo

35、us plat”的缩写，意思是“敬请回复。”发出请柬的人希望您告诉他是否接受这份邀请。也就是说，您是否会参加活动？按照大部分西方国家的礼仪，如果您收到一份正式的书面邀请，应该立即回复，而且最好是在收到请柬当天回复。这对正打算举办晚餐会、婚礼或欢迎宴会的主人来说有着重要的实际意义，因为他们需要知道有多少人会参加，以及需要准备多少食物和饮料。更重要的是，回复别人善意的邀请本身就是一种礼节，即使您在回复中说自己不能参加活动，并对此感到遗憾。Glossaryluncheon n. 午宴，正式的午餐 residence n. 住处，住宅，居住 exclusively adv. 排他地(独占地，专门地，仅

36、仅，只) format n. 设计，版式 festive adj. 欢乐的，节日的，喜庆的 attire n. 服装，盛装 uphold v. 支撑，赞成，鼓励 How to make an invitation and respond to an invitation?. Humor, Superstitions and Taboos 幽默、迷信及禁忌 Humor In Business 商务中的幽默Superstitions 迷信 Taboos 禁忌 Key Termssuperstition 迷信迷信 迷信就是迷惘地信服，盲目地相信。“迷信”的含义更多的倾向于“盲目的相信、不理解的相信”

37、因此，理论上，人类对任何事物都可能存在着“迷信”的观念。taboo 禁忌禁忌 人们对神圣的、不洁的、危险的事物所持态度而形成的某种禁制。危险和具有惩罚作用是禁忌的两个主要特征。Glossarycomediann. 喜剧演员commentatorn. 评论员，解说员，注释者phobian. 恐怖病，恐怖症celebrityn. 名人，名誉，社会名流memoirn. 传记，实录 memoirs (复数）cactusn. 仙人掌werewolfn. 狼人，凶人nunn. 尼姑，修女connotationn. 隐含意义，某事的重要性1. Do you know any superstition in

38、other cultures?2. Do you know any taboo in Chinese culture? Or any taboo in other cultures?3. Do you think it is acceptable to use humorduring business meeting? Why?VII. Business Scheduling 商务行程安排Office Hours 办公时间 Office hours vary in different countries. Customarily hours of work in most countries

39、are 9 a.m. to 5 a.m.Lunch and Break Times 午餐和休息时间The lunch period is also different. In U.S. firms it may vary from 30 minutes to an hour, and break times are usually one 15-minute period in the morning with a second 15-minute period in the afternoon. Europeans have a 1 to 1.5-hour lunch break, 20 m

40、inute morning and afternoon breaks, and 15 minutes at the end of the workday for cleanup time.Key Termsbusiness activities 商业活动 是指企业的购买、销售和交换等工作，是商业主体和客体双方共同参与的活动。主体和客体双方围绕着商品互相询问、互相试探、互相了解、互相协商等等都要运用语言。Peru 秘鲁 秘鲁，全称秘鲁共和国，是南美洲西部的一个国家，北邻厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚，东与巴西和玻利维亚接壤，南接智利，西濒太平洋。为南美洲国家联盟的成员国。秘鲁孕育了其中一个最早的文明小北地区

41、史前文明，以及前哥伦布时期美洲的最大国家印加帝国。Glossaryvariableadj. 可变的，易变的customarilyadv. 照例，通常，习惯上Case AnalysisCase 1& Case 2Case 1Your organization is having a large party for its worldwide distributors in the United States. Since there will be people from all over the world, what would you serve for meals to avoi

42、d offending anyone? Case 2you have unknowingly arrived in Mexico during Carnival Week. Because people are busy partying and celebrating, they are not interested in meeting with you to discuss business. However, since you are here, they have invited you to join in their activities. Should you accept or reject their invitation? Case AnalysisCase 3A Japanese businessman on his first visit to the United States was pleased to be invited to a U.S. executi