大学英语精读1笔记57课

1、Lesson 51.miserable: a. 悲惨的,可怜的同义词: unhappy, wretched 反义词: comfortable派生词: misery: n. 痛苦,苦难 miserably: ad.后缀-able构成形容词,表示“具有.的”；“能.的”,例如：eatable 可食用的 drinkable 可饮用的reasonable 通情达理的sensible 可感觉的 2.merry a. 愉快的 同义词：happy, cheerful习惯用于：Merry Christmas!3.pony: 小马（归类记忆法）horse: mare 母马donkey 驴子stalli

2、on 公马 mule 骡子pony 小马Christmas was coming,这句用的是过去进行时，但表达的是将来时间，意思是“圣诞节快到了。”go, come,leave, land(着陆),take off(起飞)，start, arrive等词用进行时表示将来。如: The plane is taking off in five minutes.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.make sure: act so as to make something certain 确保；查明如:Father makes sure that all ligh

3、ts are off before he goes to bed.父母睡觉前都要检查是否所有的灯都关了。Make sure that you haven't forgotten to pack everything you're likely to need.I think the party begins at 6:00, but I'll phone to make sure （确认).He looked behind him to make sure that he was not being followed.比较 be sure to do sth./that

4、: be certain to do sth./thatBe sure to wait to me as soon as you get there.你一到那里就一定给我写信。Be sure that you give the order for bread to the baker.你一定要把面包订单交给面包师。Nothing but : only; nothing except 除了.什么也没有如:They could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.Nothing but a miracle(奇迹)can save him.Amy

5、 used to drink nothing but coffee.She is concerned about nothing but money. 她只关心钱。I could do nothing but standing there waiting.除了站在那儿等，我什么都不能干。I did want boots, but I stuck to the pony. 句中的did (do加动词原形表示强调语气,“确实想要”。）stick to : refuse to give up or change 坚持（意见，看法，主张）,不放弃如：stick to ones promise/plan

6、sI'll stick to this task until it is completed.This fellow never sticks to anything for very long.They decided to stick to their previous plan.他们决定坚持原先的计划。If you stick to the truth, you have nothing to fear.如果你坚持真理，你就没什么可害怕的。Tom always sticks to his boss no matter what happens.无论发生什么事情，汤姆始终对老板忠心

7、耿耿。"stick to"与“insist on”, “hold on” 比较insist on something/doing something : firmly ask to do something and refuse to give in 坚持认为，坚决要求He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持认为自己无罪。I insist on your taking immediate action to put things right.I insist that you take immediate action to put things

8、right.我坚持要求你立即采取行动把事情处理好。hold on: 坚持下去，坚持住（不及物动词，不能接宾语）They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们设法坚持住，直到救援到来。I don't think I can hold on much longer.我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。There ought to be something to fill your stocking with, 句中的to fillwith 部分是动词不定式作定语修饰something,因为该不定式与前面 的名词呈动宾关系，介词 with不能省略。 如：

9、There is nothing for us to worry about.He is a good colleague to work with.They do hope they can find some experienced teachers to rely on for help.Give us something to open the can with. 给我开罐头的东西。It's a boring place to live in. 住在这儿令人讨厌。ought to: 应该，情态动词，表示责任和劝告，有时可用should替换，但比should语气重些。You ou

10、ght to do as you are told. 要你干什么你就干什么。Such things ought not to be allowed. 不应该允许做这样的事情。candy 美国用法 sweet 英国用法Santa Claus can't put a pony into a stocking . 在西方过圣诞节时，大人告诉孩子们圣诞老人会带来他们想要的礼物。圣诞节前夕，圣诞老人（SantaClause)从烟囱里爬下来，把礼物放进挂在孩子床边的长筒袜里。故文章的下文提到了he couldn't lead a pony down the chimney either.有

11、关圣诞节的风俗习惯学生可以阅读课后练习Reading Activity中的文章 An English Christmas.Father Christmas 是英国用法eve: n. 前夕，前夜 New Year's Eve 除夕Christmas Eve 圣诞节前夜It hung limplimp在句中是形容词，做主语补足语，描述的是it (袜子)的状态，“soft,软的，松沓的”。类似的表达方式有：She stood there, calm and quiet.The valley(山谷)lay peaceful in the sun.The sun rises red.太阳升起来了

12、，火红的。The young man sat silent in the corner.那年轻人坐在角落里，一言不发。limp: adj. 软的，柔软的vi. 跛行 同义词：lame, cripplehang up: place on a hook or hanger(挂钩)There are some hangers in the closet on which to hang up your clothes.壁橱里有一些衣架可以挂你的衣服。We hung up a map of the world in our study.我们在书房里挂了一张世界地图。fireplace: n. 壁炉 （

13、复合名词）类似与fire有关的复合名词：firearm 枪械, firework 焰火, fire-alarm 火警,fireman 消防队员, firewood 木柴mixed-up: a. 混合的，混杂的由动词短语mix up构成的复合形容词，动词的过去分词表示动作的状态。类似的有：grown-up: a. 成熟的，成年人的broken-down: a. 坏的My sisters had knelt down, each by her pile of gift 句中逗号后面的部分是独立主格结构。till they looked up and saw me standing there lo

14、oking so miserable. 句中的standing there 是现在分词作宾语补足语，looking so miserable 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰standing there。kneel: v. 跪下 同义词：get down on the knees词形相似：knee n. 膝盖习惯搭配：kneel down 跪下She went into the church, knelt down and began to pray.她进了教堂，跪下来开始祷告。That helped some."that" 指前面提到的crying。some 在这里不是代词，是

15、副词，相当于somewhat,“多少有些，有点”。这句话的意思是：那起了点作用。如：The medicine helped some.I'm feeling some better today.我感觉好了些。indignant: a. 愤怒的同义词：angry,furiousbe indignant with somebody 对某人感到愤慨be indignant at/about/over something 对某事感到愤慨She became more and more indignant with them over their conduct.她对他们的所作所为越来越愤慨。R

16、esidents in the area are indignant about the high rents.该地的居民对于高昂的租金表示气愤。He was indignant at being unfairly dismissed.他被不公平地解雇了，对此他很气愤。1. .the crying over, I ached.句中逗号前面的部分是独立主格结构，作时间状语。stable: n.马厩 归类barn: 牲口棚 pigsty: 猪圈hen house:鸡舍adj. 稳定的同义词：steady反义词：unstablea stable government 稳定的政府 a stable c

17、haracter 坚定的性格weep: v. 哭泣，流泪 同义词：cryweep for/over 为.而流泪，为.哀伤weep for joy 喜极而泣The mother wept over the death of her child.这位母亲为孩子之死而哭泣。She is always weeping over her lost youth.她总是为自己青春而逝而去哀伤。cry, weep, sob 辨析：cry: 哭，一般用语，多指发出声音的哭。I heard a baby cry at the next door last night.weep: 哭泣，指无声地流泪The sigh

18、t made me want to weep.sob: 啜泣，抽泣，多指小声的哭或呜咽There is a little girl sobbing in the corner.I was wronged, I was hurt.两个动词均用了被动语态，hurt是过去分词。wrong: vt. treat unfairly， do wrong to 委屈，冤枉a. 错误的，有毛病的n. 坏事，错误如：She forgave(宽恕)those who had wronged her.她原谅了那些曾不公正地对待她的人。She has wronged no man by word or deed in

19、 all her life.她一生为人公正，言行没有使任何人受到委屈。习惯表达：（1）in the wrong 错了，理亏Which of the two drivers was in the wrong? 两个司机中，哪一个还负责？（2）sth. is wrong with . 出毛病（故障）What is wrong with your watch? 你的表出了什么故障？（3）go wrong 出错，不对劲After five years， their marriage suddenly went wrong.五年后，他们的婚姻突然破裂了。He was watching me or som

20、ething for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him句中从drawing到him部分是现在分词作状语，其中lest到him部分又是目的状语从句。lest的意思是“唯恐”。so little lest相当于so little thatnot,lest后面的从句谓语用“（should +）动词原形”形式的虚似语气。Lest: for fear that 唯恐；引导状语从句用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形如：The children kept quiet lest they (should

21、) wake up their mother.He always does whatever she tells him to do lest she (should) be angry.I wrote down the date of her birthday lest I (should) forget it.我把她的生日记下来，免得忘了。He ran away lest he should be seen.他逃跑了，唯恐有人看见他。or something : or something similar 诸如此类。该词组用来表示说话者表明自己对所说的话没有多大把握。 如：His fathe

22、r is a well-known artist or something.Are you sick or something?I think he left because he had lost his job or something .我认为他离开了是因为丢了工作或类似的原因。Her name is Mary or Margaret or something.她叫玛丽或者叫玛格丽特什么的。impatience: n. 不耐烦，急躁patience: n. 耐心，忍耐impatient: a. 急躁的 patient: a. 耐心的 n. 病人前缀im-加在以p, m, b开头的词前面，

23、表示“否定”。如：impolite: a. 不礼貌的 impossible: a. 不可能的immoral: a. 不道德的 impure: a. 不纯的，掺假的impatient （a.）的习惯用语：be impatient for something/to do something 急不可耐地做I'm impatient to see our new boss.The boy was impatient for the result of his examination.be impatient of 不能忍受的Mother was impatient of bad manners

24、.I caught sight of a man riding a pony down the street, a pony and a brand-new saddle; the most beautiful saddle I ever saw 句中riding到street部分是现在分词结构作宾语补足语，I ever saw 是定语从句，修饰前面的saddle.catch sight of : see (especially suddenly or briefly)如：I turned round and caught sight of Helen getting into a taxi.

25、As we drove by the harbor(港口)，we caught sight of a large steamship（轮船）。brand-new :(名词+形容词)completely and unused 崭新的；如：a brand-new machine/car.类似方法构成的复合形容词：carefree 无忧无虑的，lifelong 终生的，snow-white 白雪的，worldwide全球的For such a horse as that I would have given anything.该句的正常句序应该是：I would have given anythin

26、g for such a horse as that.句子用的是一般过去时的虚拟语气。介词for相当于一个条件从句，表示隐含虚拟条件，以前还学有with, without等。It would be foolish for you to behave like this.We would never have reached the shore without that boat.such.as: of the same kind 像.一样的，如：This shop sells such things as coffee beans and biscuits.Such people as him

27、 shouldnt be allowed in.draw near: come near 临近，接近Winter is drawing near.Night drew near.as my hopes-my impossible hopes-rose, he looked at our door and passed by句中的as 引导的是时间状语从句，“正当时候”，如：She wept bitterly as she told her story.Write it down as an idea strikes you.pass by: go past 经过，过去；（时间的）流逝Time

28、seems to pass by so slowly when you are in school.Someone passing by asked me the way to the airport.break into: suddenly start (to cry, laugh, etc.) 突然.起来break into tears (laughter, cheers, rage, etc.)The audience broke into applause.比较：break into: enter by force; interrupt闯入；打断The thieves planned

29、to break into a bank.He broke suddenly into our talk.Say, kid , it said, do you know a boy named Lennie Steffens?句中的say不是表示“说”的意思，而是打招呼的一种方式，相当于“嘿”。 如：Say, do you have a match?Say, listen to me. I've been looking all over for you and your house.该句用的是现在完成进行时态，该时态与现在完成时的区别在于它强调某个动作一直在持续不断。如：He has

30、 been waiting outside for three hours.Mr. Smith has been waiting outside for three hours.Mr. Smith has been planning to learn.We are tired for we have been working the whole day.all over: in every part; everywhere 到处I have traveled all over Europe many times in my life.Why don't you put your num

31、ber where it can be seen?句中从where到句末是地点状语从句。He went on saying something about “ought to have got here at seven o'clock, but- 句中ought to 是情态动词，表示“应当，应该”，后面接了完成式。文章中还出现了另外两个情态动词后接完成式情况：And my father must have been hurt, too, a little. 和A grown-up could hardly have stood it,均对过时间发生的事发表看法。ought to h

32、ave done something. 表示“应该干某事”，而实际上并没有干，否定式oughtought not to have done something，表示“不该干某事”，而实际上却干了。如：He ought to have seen a doctor about his headache two weeks ago.She was so unhappy. You ought not to have hurt her feelings.must have done something. 表示“某人肯定干了某事”。如：The house is dark. The Browns must

33、have gone to bed.The clothes must have been washed by Mary.could/can have done something. 表示“本来可以干某事”，实际上未干。如：Her husband could have helped her, but he did not choose to.I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?go on doing sth.: 不断地继续干某事go on to do sth.: 干完一件事之后继续干另一件事He went on ta

34、lking even though no one was listening.After the class meeting she went on to tell us her study and life abroad.There was the family, father, mother, sisters, all working for me, all happy.该句是个倒装句，正常的句序是The family was there, 其中all working for me, all happy是两个独立主格结构，作状语；thrill: vt. excite, 使.兴奋，激动n.

35、令人激动的事thriller: n. 使毛骨悚然的人、事物，恐怖小说trot: vi. （马）小跑；（人）快步跑They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: everything.句子的宾语部分the tools of my new business: 过长，被置后，正常的句序是They had been putting the tools of my new business: everything in place. put in place: putin the right place 把放在适当的位置。in p

36、lace: in the right place; suitable 在合适的位置；适当的out of place: 不适当的；东西放置不当的in one's place: instead of somebody 替代As soon as all the chairs are in place, we can let the audience in.I think an expression of thanks to our host would be in place.The boss was busy so his secretary went in his place.But t

37、hat Christmas, which my father had planned so carefully, was it the best or the worst I ever knew?句中有两个定语从句，一个是从which到carefully，是非限定性定语从句，一个是I ever knew,是限定性定语从句。It covered the whole distance from broken-hearted misery to bursting happiness-too fast.cover在句中是“travel”的意思。如：By sunset, we had covered 3

38、0 miles.可以把该句看成一个比喻句，它把人的感情从极度的悲哀到极度的快乐比喻为一个完整的历程，作者这一天经历了这整个的感情历程。该句的译文可以是：在这一天里，先是令人心碎的痛若，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端跳到另一个极端变换得实在太快了。练习答案A grown-up could hardly have stood it.stand 在这里是“bear，put up with,忍受”的意思。如：I can't stand the man.She can't stand her friend being talked about that way. grown-up: a.

39、成年人的同义词：mature n. 成年人同义词：adult 这里是由动词短语grow up构成的复合词，可与本课单词mixed-up一起记忆。 Review questions: 1. Do you think the boy a little too spoiled? Find the examples from the text? 2. What made the author think later that that Christmas was both the best and the worst he ever knew? Unit 5Key to Study & Pra

40、cticeVocabularyI.1.miserable  2.eve 3.indignant  4.weep, break into tears 5.rude  6.wrong(v.)7.anxiety 8.impatience 9.catch sight of 10.scarcelyII.1.break into 2.impatience 3.miserable 4.make sure 5.hung up 6.scarcely 7.weep    8.nothing but 9.lest  

41、 10.indignantIII.1.can scarcely wait 2.to stick to the promises3.one of misery for 4.There is much anxiety5.caught sight of an old fried of mine6.they have been wrongedWord BuildingIV.1.misery 2.truth 3.silence 4.anger 5.pride  6.honesty 7.probability 8.freedom 9.anxiety  fort 11

42、.impatience 12.safety   13.height 14.happiness  15.youthV.Age-old   carefree  color-blind duty-free grass-green  ice-cold knee-deep lifelong  nationwide paper-thin   seasick   skin-deep snow-white   worldwide1.snow-white 2.lifelon

43、g 3.color-blind4.nationwide/worldwide  5.carefree6.knee-deep  7.duty-free 8.seasickStructureVI.1.They did give up .2.Do be more careful.3.Do come and join us .4.The pen does write .5.I do hope .VII.1.ought to be 2.Ought, to take up, ought(to)3.ought to have seen 4.ought not to ha

44、ve hurt5.ought not to have been knocked down6.ought to have got7.ought to be 8.ought to be doneVIII.1.(Mary)could have bought an overcoat2.(We)couldnt have succeeded in the experiment within such a short period of time3.(You)could have made4.(I)could have lent you5.(Her husband) could have help

45、ed herIX.1.The clothes must have been washed by Mary.2.He must be at least thirty years old.3.Alice looked pale yesterday. She must have been ill.4.They must be tired.5.The examination must have been very difficult since none of the students passed.XI.1.go on living 2.went on to tell 3.went on

46、to show 4.went on workingClozeXII.(A)(1)nothing but (2)impatience (3)lest (4)miserable   (5)indignant   (6)wronged  (7)misery  (8)broke into  (9)anxiously  (10)caught sight of(B)(1)to (2)mine (3)going (4)ought(5)nothing/nobody (6)mind/decision (7)and  (8)

47、then(9)On (10)town (11)find/see (12)full(13)walked (14)before (15)to (16)the(17)returned (18)looking (19)when (20)at  (21)However (22)restaurants(23)for (24)feeling (25)which (26)before (27)where   (28)must(29)MerryTranslationXIII.1.Looking out of the window, Dr. smith caugh

48、t sight of a young man running towards his clinic.2.Amy used to drink nothing but coffee.3.Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had been injured in an accident.4.We havent seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill or something?5.The director of the research institut

49、e came in person to make sure that everything was all right.6.Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to/should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night.7.Say,you oughtnt to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble.8.It is

50、important for nurses to stick to this rule.Key to Reading PracticeExercise A1. things which make the branches more beautiful and brighter such as colored lights and glass balls装饰品2.sleepy困倦3.a quick look一瞥4.move quietly, slowly or secretly蹑手蹑脚地5.farmyard birds such as chicken, turkey, duck and goose

51、家禽6.sweet food such as pies, puddings and ice cream甜食7.something rare, uncommon衡罕的东西8.a traveling show of trained wild animals, clever horseriding, etc.马戏表演Key to Writing PracticePart I   At Christmas I get many presents, but one present I especially like to get is a book. I dont mind what

52、 kind of book it is .It can be a novel, a book of poems ,or a book of plays; I enjoy them all .I sometimes borrow books from the Public Library. We have a very good one in our town, and the librarian gives me advice about literature and helps me to find good books. I also buy books, particularly tho

53、se that I have read be fore and have enjoyed .I put them on my shelves so that I can read them time and again. I feel that these books are my friends.Part II   As Christmas drew near, I was filled with anxiety because I was hoping for a pony for my Christmas present. When my father offered

54、 me a choice of Christmas presents, I declared that I wanted nothing but a pony .On Christmas morning my happy sisters were opening the presents they found in their stockings bung by the fireplace .But mine was empty. So I began to weep .I was so hurt that my mother and sisters were very much concer

55、ned. My mother had some sharp words for my father who just looked worried and kept on looking out of the window ,Never had I been so miserable in my life.背景资料ChristmasChristmas Eve ( A Tale ) For the Young and the Young at Heart It was Christmas Eve and everyone in the Taylor household was asleep, t

56、hat is, all except Daniel. He couldn't sleep. Soon morning would arrive and time for presents to be opened. Daniel got out of bed and went downstairs.The house was full of Christmas Spirit. Even the TV screen was bordered with holly. Yep, this was his favorite time of the year. He had just finis

57、hed filling a glass of water when Mrs. Taylor stepped into the kitchen. "Daniel, what are you doing up?" she whispered. "Just getting a glass of water", he explained to the looming figure. "Couldn't sleep. Can we open the presents now"? "Oh, Daniel," she s

58、ighed. "It's only 2am. It's too early to be thinking of that yet. Why don't you head back to bed?" He looked at her and nodded his head. "Ok, I'll do it but I won't like it". She grabbed his hand and they walked back upstairs.He slid under the covers but sleep didn't come easy. He knew that there were wonderful things downstairs to be discovered. He tossed and turned. 2:30.3:00. "Will morning EVER come", he wondered. Finally at 5am he could stand it no more an