新视野大学英语第三第二册翻译题答案

1、新视野大学英语第三版book2unit1译英译中：Englishisknownasaworldlanguage,regularlyusedbymanynationswhoseEnglishisnottheirfirstlanguage.Likeotherlanguages,Englishhaschangedgreatly.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreemainperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.TheEnglishlanguagestartedwiththein

2、vasionofBritainbythreeGermanictribesduringthe5thcenturyAD,andtheycontributedgreatlytotheformationoftheEnglishlanguage.Duringthemedievalandearlymodernperiods,theinfluenceofEnglishspreadthroughouttheBritishIsles,andfromtheearly17thcenturyitsinfluencebegantobefeltthroughouttheworld.TheprocessesofEurope

3、anexplorationandcolonizationforseveralcenturiesledtosignificantchangeinEnglish.Today,AmericanEnglishisparticularlyinfluential,duetothepopularityofAmericancinema,television,music,tradeandtechnology,includingtheInternet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言,经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用.与其他语言一样,英语也发生了很大的变化.英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语,中古英语和现

4、代英语.英语起源于公元5世纪,当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国,他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用.在中世纪和现代社会初期,英语的影响普及不列颠群岛.从17世纪初,它的影响力开始在世界各地显现.欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化.今天,由于美国电影、电视、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢送,美国英语的影响力尤其显.中译英：中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝.中国书法艺术的形成,开展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系.汉字在漫长的演变开展过程中,一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术.书法能够通过作品把书

5、法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来,所以,通常有“字如其人的说法.中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝,而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩.Chinesecalligraphyisauniqueartandtheuniquearttreasureintheworld.TheformationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecalligraphyiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceandevolutionofChinesecharacters.Inthislongevolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershaven

6、otonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchangingideasandtransmittingculturebutalsodevelopedintoauniqueartform.Calligraphicworkswellreflectcalligraphers'personalfeelings,knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,thusthereisanexpressionthat"seeingthecalligrapher'shandwritingislikeseeingthe

7、person".AsoneofthetreasuresoChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworld'streasurehouseofcultureandart.新视野大学英语第三版book2unit2课后译英翻中AM00C(massiveopenonlinecourse)isanonlinecourseaimedatunlimitedparticipationandopenaccessviatheweb.M00Csarearecentdevelopmentindistanceeducationandh

8、avenowbecomeasurgingtrendinhighereducation.Theseclassesareaimedatexpandingauniversity'sreachfromthousandsoftuition-payingstudentswholiveintown,tomillionsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontotraditionalcoursematerials,M00Csprovideinteractiveuserforumstosupportinteractionsbetweenstudentsandprofess

9、ors.M00Cscanencouragecommunicationamongparticipantswhobringavarietyofviewpoints,knowledge,andskillstothecourse;inspirepeopleto"tryon"subjectsthattheywouldn'totherwisepursueoreventryoneducationitself;providemultiplewaystoengagewithcoursematerial,encouragingmultimodal(多模式的)learningthatca

10、naddresstheneedsoflearnerswithavarietyoflearningstyles;andinspirebetterteachinganduseoftechnologiesforface-to-facecourses.慕课是一种网络课程,它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入.慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步,现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流.通过这些课程,大学可以扩大影响的范围,从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生,扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生.除了拥有传统的课程资料,慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛,支持学生和讲师之间的交流.慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流,使得多种观点、知识和技能涌

11、现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程,至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式,鼓励多模式学习,以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外,慕课促进教学的改善,使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用.中翻英近年来,随着互联网技术的开展,我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就.很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台,数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用.和传统教学方式相比,数字化教学方式有很大的优势.一方面,数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间,人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习.这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能.I

12、nrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofInternettechnology,theconstructionofdigitaleducationresourcesofourcountryhasmadegreatachievements.Manyuniversitieshavesetuptheirowndigitallearningplatforms,anddigitalteachingisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleineducation.Comparedwiththetraditionalwayofteaching,thedi

13、gitalwayhasalotofadvantages.Ononehand,digitalteachingmakesglobalsharingofteachingresourcespossible;ontheotherhand,itexpandsthelearner'sstudytimeandspacetolearn,allowingpeopletogetaccesstothedigitalvirtualschoolsthroughtheInternetanytimeandanywhere.Theseadvantagesmakeitpossibleforpeopletoshiftfro

14、mone-timelearningtolifelonglearning.新视野大学英语第三版BOOK2unit3课后译英翻中AsanimportantpartoftheAmericanculturevaluesystem,"individualism"isadmiredbymostAmericanpeople.Americansviewthefamilyasagroupwhoseprimarypurposeistoadvancethehappinessofindividualmembers.Incontrasttomanyothercultures,theprimaryre

15、sponsibilityoftheAmericanfamilymemberisnottoadvancethefamilyasagroup,eithersociallyoreconomically.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotusuallyconsideredtobeasimportantaswhatwouldbebestfortheindividual.Withfreedomcomestheresponsibilitytocareforoneself,foritisthefreedomofchoicethatcarrieswithittheresponsib

16、ility:toaccepttheconsequencesofthechoices.ManyAmericansgivetheirchildrenalotoffreedombecausetheywantthemtobeindependentandself-reliant.AlongwiththeAmericanemphasisonindividualfreedom,thebeliefinequalitybetweenparentsandchildrenalsohashadastrongeffectonthefamily.作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成局部,“个人主义受到大多数美国人的推崇.美

17、国人认为家庭作为一个群体,其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福.与许多其他文化相比,美国家庭成员的主要责任,不是在社会上或经济上提升整个家庭的地位.人们通常认为,什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要.与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任,由于所选择的自由承载了责任,即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果.许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由,由于他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生.在美国人强调个人自由的同时,父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响.中翻英孝道(filialpiety)是中国古代社会的根本道德标准(codeofethics).中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本

18、.由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心,它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准那么.它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德.孝道文化是一个复合概念,内容丰富,涉及面广.它既有文化理念,又有制度礼仪(institutionaletiquette).-般来说,它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务,包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等.孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本.FilialpietyisthebasiccodeofethicsinancientChinesesociety.Chinesepeopleconsiderfilialpietyastheessenceofaperson'sin

19、tegrity,familyharmony,andthenation'swell-being.WithfilialpietybeingthecoreofConfucianethics,ithasbeenthemoralstandardfortheChinesesocietytomaintainthefamilyrelationshipforthousandsofyears.It'sundoubtedlyatraditionalChinesevirtue.Thecultureoffilialpietyisacomplexconcept,richincontentandwidein

20、range.Itincludesnotonlyculturalideasbutalsoinstitutionaletiquettes.Generallyspeaking,itreferstotheobligationofchildrentotheirparentsrequiredbythesociety,includingrespect,care,supportfortheelderlyandsoforth.Filialpietyisfundamentaltotheancient"Orientalcivilization".新视野大学英语BOOK2unit4课后译英翻中Va

21、lentine'sDayonFebruary14iscelebratedinvariousAmericanandEuropeancountries.Itisaholidayofloveandromanceusuallybyexchangingvalentinesorlovetokensbetweenlovers.Therearedifferentoriginsregardingthefestival.OnelegendgoesthattheRomansputapriestnamedSaintValentineintoprisonforrefusingtobelieveintheRoma

22、ngods.OnFebruary14,ValentinewasputtodeathnotonlybecausehewasChristian,butalsobecausehehadcuredthejailer'sdaughterofblindness.Thenightbeforehewasexecutedhewroteherafarewelllettersigned"FromyourValentine".Later,February14becameaholidayforpeopletoshowaffectionfortheirlovedones.Today,peopl

23、ecelebrateValentine'sDayindifferentways,sendinggreetingcardsandflowers,givingchocolateorothergifts,orjoininginromanticdinners.Theholidayhasnowbecomepopularallovertheworld.InChinathefestivalisalsobecomingincreasinglypopularwithyoungpeople.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节.这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日,恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物.关于这

24、个节日的起源有着不同的说法.一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱,由于他拒绝相信罗马神.2月14日那天,瓦伦丁被处死,不仅因为他是基督徒,而且由于他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿.他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁的辞别信.后来,2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日.现在,人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节,他们发送贺卡、鲜花,赠送巧克力或其他礼品,或共进浪漫的晚餐.现在这个节日已流行世界各地.在中国,这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢送.中翻英农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(QixiFestival),是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日.一些大的商家每年

25、都举办不同的活动,年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人.因此,七夕节被认为是中国的"情人节"(Valentine'sDay).七夕节来自牛郎与织女(CowherdandWeavingMaid)的传说.相传,每年的这个夜晚,天上的织女都会与牛郎相会.所以,在七夕的夜晚,人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河(theMilkyWay)相会.姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧,以获得美满姻缘.但随着时代的变迁,这些活动正在消失,唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间.July7thontheChinesecalendarisChineseQixiFestival,themost

26、romanticofallthetraditionalChineseholidays.Everyyear,somebigbusinessesorganizevariousactivities,andyoungpeoplesendgiftstotheirlovers.Asaresult,theQixiFestivalisconsideredtobeChinese"Valentine'sDay".TheQixiFestivalisderivedfromthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid.Thelegendholdsthatonthispar

27、ticularnighteveryyeartheWeavingMaidinheavenmeetswithCowherd.So,peoplecanseeCowherdandWeavingMaidmeetingintheMilkyWayonthenightofQixi.Onthisnight,girlswouldalsobegWeavingMaidforsomewisdomforahappymarriage.But,withthechangingoftimes,theseactivitiesarediminishing.AllthatremainsisthelegendofCowherdandWe

28、avingMaid,asignoffaithfullove,continuouslycirculatedamongthefolk.新视野大学英语第三版BOOK2unit5课后译英翻中TheAgeofDiscovery,alsocalledtheAgeofExploration,isahistoricalperiodofEuropeanglobalexplorationthatstartedintheearly15thcenturyandcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.ItisusuallyregardedasabridgebetweentheMiddleAgesand

29、theModernera,inthecontextofemergingwesternimperialismandeconomiccompetitionbetweenEuropeankingdomsseekingwealththroughtheestablishmentoftraderoutesandcolonies.Amongmanygreatexplorersduringthisperiod,themostoutstandingonewasChristopherColumbussincehediscoveredtheNewWorld.Europeanoverseasexpansionledt

30、otheriseofcolonialempires,withthecontactbetweentheOldandNewWorldsproducingtheexchange:awidetransferofplants,animals,foods,culture,andsoforth.Thisrepresentedoneofthemostsignificantglobaleventsconcerningecology,agriculture,andcultureinhistory.Europeanexplorationallowedtheglobalmappingoftheworld,result

31、inginanewworld-viewanddistantcivilizationsacknowledgingeachother.大发现年代,也被称为大勘探年代,是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期,始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪.这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁,当时西方帝国主义刚兴起,欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争,他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富.在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中,最杰出的是克里斯托弗？哥伦布,由于他发现了新大陆.欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起,旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移.这代表了历史上生态、农业

32、和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一.欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能,从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相照应.中翻英丝绸之路(SilkRoad)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆(Eurasia)的交通线路,由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主,故称"丝绸之路.作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁,丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和开展,对世界文明进程有着深远影响.当前,在新的历史条件下,我国提出了"一带一路"(OneBelt,OneRoad)(即"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路")的战略设想."

33、;一带一路以合作共赢为核心,强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同开展.这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应.TheSilkRoadisatrafficrouteintheancienttimesconnectingChinaandEurasia.Thistraderoutefocusesonthetradeofsilk,hencethename"theSilkRoad".Asaninternationaltradechannelandabridgeofculturalexchanges,theSilkRoadeffectivelyimprovedtheeconomicandcu

34、lturalexchangesanddevelopmentbetweentheEastandtheWest,exertingaprofoundimpactontheprogressoftheworldcivilization.Nowadays,underthenewhistoricalcircumstances,ourcountryproposesthestrategyof"OneBelt,OneRoad"namelytheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad.Thestrategyof"On

35、eBelt,OneRoad"focusesoncooperationandmutualbenefits,emphasizingmutualbenefits,win-win,aswellascommondevelopmentoftherelatedcountries.Onceproposed,thestrategyhasreceivedpositiveresponsesfromtherelatedcountriesalongtheroad.新视野大学英语第三版BOOK2unit6课后译英翻中Minimalism极简主义isaboutgettingridofexcessstuffandk

36、eepingonlywhatyouneed.Minimalistliving,insimplestterms,istolivewithaslessaspossible,mentallyandphysicallyuntilyouachievepeaceofmind.Resultsthatensuearelessstress,moretime,andincreasedhappiness.Minimalistsliketosaythatthey'relivingmoremeaningfully,moredeliberately,andthattheminimalistlifestyleall

37、owsthemtofocusonwhat'smoreimportantinlife:friends,hobbies,travel,experiences.Ofcourse,minimalismdoesn'tmeanthere'sanythinginherentlywrongwithowningmaterialpossessions.Today'sproblemseemstobethatwetendtogivetoomuchmeaningtoourthings,oftenforsaking抛弃ourhealth,ourrelationships,ourpassio

38、ns,ourpersonalgrowth,andourdesiretocontributebeyondourselves.Inadditiontoitsapplicationinpeople'sdailylife,minimalismalsofindsapplicationinmanycreativedisciplines,includingart,architecture,design,dance,filmmaking,theater,music,fashion,photographyandliterature.极简主义是指去掉多余的,仅保存需要的局部.用最简单的话来说,极简的生活方

39、式,就是生活得越简单越好,直到获得心灵的平静,这种简单既是精神上的,也是身体上的.这样的生活方式会减轻压力,带来更多自由时间,并增强幸福感.极简主义者会说,他们生活得更有意义了,更沉着了,极简的生活方式让他们着眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、爱好、旅游和体验.当然,极简主义并不意味着拥有物质财富从本质上来讲有什么不对.现在的问题似乎在于,我们往往太重视所拥有的东西,而常常抛弃了健康、人与人之间的关系、我们的热情、个人成长,以及帮助他人的愿望.极简主义除了在我们的日常生活中可以得到应用,还存在于很多创意领域,包括艺术、建筑、设计、舞蹈、电影、戏剧、音乐、时尚、摄影和文学等.中翻英国民幸福指数(Na

40、tionalHappinessIndex,NHI)是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数,也是衡量一个国家或地区经济开展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具.随着中国经济的高速增长,中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升.政府注重改善民生,努力改善人民群众的经济状况,满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求.当前,中国政府提倡释放改革红利,让人民群众得到更多实惠.所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升.NationalHappinessIndex(NHI)isanindexthatmeasureshowhappypeopleare.Itisalsoatoolthatmeasuresthelevels

41、ofeconomicdevelopmentandpeople'slivelihoodandhappinessinacountryorregion.WiththefastgrowthofChineseeconomy,theChinesegovernmenthasbeenpayingmoreandmoreattentiontopeople'slivingqualityandtheincreaseofhappinessindex.Thegovernmentstressesimprovementofitspeople'slivelihood,strivingtoimprovet

42、heireconomicconditionsandmeettheirgrowingmaterialandculturalneeds.Currently,theChinesegovernmentadvocatestheunleashingofmorereformdividends,withtheaimofofferingmorerealbenefitstoitspeople.AllthesemeasureswillcombinetoeffectivelyincreasetheNHIofourpeople.新视野大学英语第三版BOOK2unit7课后译英翻中Thecolorandstyleofaw

43、eddinggowncandependonthereligionandcultureoftheweddingparticipants.Forexample,inWesternculturesbridesoftenchooseawhiteweddingdress,whileinChinathetraditionalweddingdressisinred.Thoughwhitehasbecomethemostpreferredcolorforweddinggownsacrosstheworldtoday,thiswasnotawidespreadtrendbeforetheVictorianera.Whitebecameapopularoptionin1840,whenQueenVictoriaworeawhitegownatherwedding.Theofficialweddingphotographwaswidelypublished,andmanybrideschosewhitetobecomethefollowersoftheQueen.Manypeoplebelievedthatthecolorwhitesymbolizedvirginity,thoughthiswasnott