2019全国高考英语(卷1卷2及卷3)完形填空及答案详解

1、2019全国卷1完形填空及答案详解Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（ 冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.natureHearing these stories, I44' m about

2、the place other destinations are described as“ purerexperiences.However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are48 but the efforts made by the T

3、anzania National Park Authority seem to be 49.The best of a Kilimanjaro 50, in my opinion, i sn ' t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 asspiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统 ）in the space of a few kilometers. At the

4、 base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57: gravel（砾石）,stones an

5、d rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-likezone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining theatmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.41. A. keepB. mixC. connectD. bring42. A. storiesB. buil

6、dingsC. crowdsD. reporters43. A. positionB. ageC. faceD. name44. A. silentB. skepticalC. seriousD. crazy45. A. discoverB. argueC. decideD. advocate46. A. equipmentB. grassC. campsD. stones47. A. remoteB. quietC. tallD. clean48. A. newB. specialC. significantD. necessary49. A. paying offB. spreading

7、outC. blowing upD. fading away50. A. atmosphereB. experienceC. experimentD. sight51. A. studiedB. observedC. exploredD. regarded52. A. viewB. qualityC. reasonD. purpose53. A. scientistsB. climbersC. localsD. officials54. A. holding on toB. going back toC. living up toD. giving way to55. A. changesB.

8、 clearsC. improvesD. permits56. A. matchB. imagineC. countD. add57. A. villageB. desertC. roadD. lake58. A. ObviouslyB. EasilyC. ConsequentlyD. Finally59. A. permanentB. littleC. freshD. artificial60. A. enjoyB. deserveC. saveD. acquire【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B5

9、1. D52. A 53. B 54. D55. A 56. C 57. B58. D59. A 60. B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。【41题详解】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots

10、of waste可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。【42题详解】考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“ 40,000可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故”C 选项切题。【 43 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. position 位置； B. age 年龄； C. face 外貌，表面；D. name 名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故 C 选项切题。【 44 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. sil

11、ent 沉默的；B. skepetical 怀疑的；C. serious 严肃的；D. crazy 疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑 其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B 选项切题。【45题详解】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由"much has change时知，作者发现了很大的变化。故 A选项切题。【46题详

12、解】考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现， 自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文 “ atcamps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。【 47 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. remote 遥远的；B. quiet 安静的；C. tall 高的； D. clean 干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“ with tolilet at camps and along the paths 可知，营地里 ”和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座

13、干净的山。故D 选项切题。【48题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C 选项切题。【 49 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off 还清，报偿；B. spreading out 伸展； C. blowing up 爆炸； D.fading away 逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做

14、的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“bu向知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。【 50 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere 氛围； B. experience 经历； C. experiment 实验； D. sight 视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B 选项切题。【 51 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. studied 学习； B. observed 观察； C. explored 探索； D. regarded 认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由"spiritua

15、l space可知；山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded a锻视为。故 D 选项切题。【 52 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. view 景色； B. quality 质量； C. reason 原因； D. purpose 目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A 选项切题。【 53 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. scientists 科学家；B. climbers 登山者；C. locals 当地人；D. officials 官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时

16、，景色尤为明显。故A 选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B 选项切题。【 54 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to 抓住； B. going back to 回到（原来的话题）； C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000 米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000 米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故 D 选项切题。【 55 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. changes 改变； B. clears 放晴； C.

17、improves 提高； D. permits 允许。句意：“lowclouds '可知，海拔变了，天气也是不再往上走，天气变了 一一低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由 同的，是变化的。故 A选项切题。【56题详解】考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由"tweke shades of green可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故 C选项切题。【57题详解】考查名词辨析。 A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔 40

18、00米以上是高山荒漠： 砾石、石头和岩石。由"grave, stones and rocks1知，海'拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。 故B选项切题。【58题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。句意：海拔 4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰 川地区。故D选项切题。【59题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一

19、个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctidikezone句*知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故 A选项切题。【60题详解】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑 乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好 铺垫。故B选项切题。2019全国卷2完形填空及答案详解It ' s about 250 miles from t

20、he hills of wesentral Iowa to Ehlers ' home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen 42 alongside the road. He had 43 to coax（哄）the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, f

21、our days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46. After a long and careful 47, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away. Ehlerseventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49. It just startedlicking（舔）Ehlers ' face.A local farm

22、er told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a51 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them hehad 53 their dog.Jeff had54in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff s

23、earched55 for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. good to know there ' s still someone out there who56 enough to go to that kind of 57, “ says Lisaof Ehlers '磔 口 58.“I figured whoever lost the

24、 dog was probably just as 59 to it as I am to my dogs,“ says Ehlers. "Ifbeen my dog, I ' d hope that somebody woul be 60to go that extra mile.”41. A. readB. forgotC. thoughtD. heard42. A. fightingB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping43. A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted44. A. calmed downB

25、. stood upC. rolled overD. run off45. A. injuredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on47. A. preparationB. explanationC. testD. search48. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily49. A. surpriseB. joyC.hesitation50. A. predictedB. advertisedC.believed51. A. houseB. phoneC.str

26、eet52. A. calledB. copiedC.counted53. A. fedB. adoptedC.found54. A. huntedB. skiedC.lived55. A. on purposeB. on timeC.in turn56. A. caresB. seesC.suffers57. A. placeB. troubleC.waste58. A. serviceB. planC.effort59. A. equalB. allergicC. grateful60. A. suitableB. proudC.wise【答案】41. C42. B43. A 44. D4

27、5. C46. C 47. D51. B52. A 53. C54. A55. D56. A 57. BD. anxietyD. recordedD. carD. rememberedD. curedD. workedD. in vainD. learnsD. extremeD. teamD. closeD. willing48. A49. B50. B58. C59. D60. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers 在打猎时在路边发现一只走失的小狗，他想哄它到自己身边来，但未能成功。回家后，Ehlers 还是很担心这只狗，四天后他和朋友一起出去找到这只狗，并最终帮它找到了 主人。

28、【 41 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. read 阅读； B. forgot 忘记； C. thought 想，思考；D. heard 听到。根据下文 Ehlers 和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers 一直在想关于那只狗的事，故选C。【 42 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. fighting 战斗； B. trembling 发抖； C. eating 吃； D. sleeping 睡觉。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，故选B 。【 43 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. tried 尝试，努力。； B. agreed 同意； C. promised 承诺； D. r

29、egretted 后悔，遗憾。根据下文可知，他在尽力哄那只狗，try to do sth 尽力做某事。故选A。【44题详解】考查动t短语辨析。A. calmed down冷静下来；B. stood up站起来；C. rolled over翻滚；D. runoff 跑开。他在尽力哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. injured受伤的；B. stolen偷走的；C. lost丢失的；D. rescued获救的。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost “丢失” 。故选 C。【46题详解】考查副t词义辨析。A. home家

30、；B. past过去的，从前的；C. back向后，回原处；D. on作用中，行动中。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers 给他的朋友Greg 打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，故选C。【47题详解】考查名t词义辨析。A. preparation预备；准备；B. explanation解释；C. test测试；D. search寻找。根据下文Greg 在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，故选D 。【 48 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. cautiously 慎重地，谨慎地；B. casually 随便地；偶然地；C

31、. skillfully巧妙地；精巧地；D. angrily 生气地。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear 等词并结合上文，并根据下文 Ehlers 最终成功安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心。故选A。【 49 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. surprise 惊奇； B. joy 开心，快乐；C. hesitation 犹豫； D. anxiety 焦虑。根据下文小狗开始舔 Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，故选 B。【 50 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. predicted 预言， 预知； B. advertised 做广告； C. bel

32、ieved 相信； D. recorded记录。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in thelocal paper 及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的。故选B。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. house房屋；B. phone电话；C. street街道；D. car汽车。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，故选B 。【 52 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. called 打电话；B. copied 复制，复印；C. counted 计算； D. remembered记得。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehle

33、rs给Jeff和Lisa （狗的主人）打了电话，故选 A。【 53 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. fed 喂养； B. adopted 收养； C. found 找到； D. cured 治愈。 根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，故选C。【 54 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. hunted 打猎； B. skied 飞涨； C. lived 生活； D. worked 工作。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，故选 Ao【 55 题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. on purpose 有目的地，故意地；B. on time 准时；

34、C. in turn 反过来；转而；D. in vain徒劳。根据上文 Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，故选D。【56题详解】考查动t词义辨析。A. cares关心；B. sees看到；C. sufers遭受；D. learns获知。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers 对狗足够关心，故选A。【 57 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. place 地方； B. trouble 麻烦； C. waste 浪费； D. extreme 极端。根据上文 Ehlers 开车把那只小狗Rosie 送到 1

35、00英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，故选 B 。【58题详解】考查名t词义辨析。A. service服务；B. plan计划；C. effort努力；D. team团队。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，故选 C。【59题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. equal相等的；B. allergic对过敏的；C. grateful感谢的；D. close紧密的； 亲密的； 亲近的。 句意： 我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我亲近我的狗一样亲近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样。故选D。乐意的。句意

36、：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情,大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选 D。2019全国卷3完形填空及答案详解The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 41 six months out of the year.“Of course, we 42 it when the

37、 sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town' s tou“We see the sky is 43, but down in the valley it is darkerke on a 44 day.”But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rj

38、ukan47their very first ray of wintersunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to48. The mirrors are controlled by acomputer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the t

39、own' s c51tral , creating an area ofsunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52, Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other, " Ro says. " The town square was totally 55. I think almost all the people in the tow

40、n were there." The 3,500 residall 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57, the new light feels like more than enough for the town_58_ residents."It ' s not very_59_, “ she says,“but it is enough when we 毋0_ .41. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely42. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice

41、43. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide44. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm45. A. helpedB.changedC.happenedD. mattered46. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras47. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined48. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use49. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows50.

42、A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year51. A. libraryB. hallC.squareD. street52. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped53. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. sitting54. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold55. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent56. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store57. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. S

43、imilarly58. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved59. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy60. A. trying【答案】B. waitingC. watchingD. sharing41. C 42. D43. B44. A 45. B46. C 47. C 48. D49. B50. A51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，

44、为此当地政府在附近的山顶安装了一 套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场，让民众享受到自然的阳光。41题详解】考查副，可同义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选 C。【42题详解】考查动，词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43_, but down in the valley it可矢由dOrke看到天

45、空是蓝色的，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选 D。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high高的；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选 Bo【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云 ；B. normal正常的；C. different不同白D. warm温暖的。根据前文 down in the valley it ' s darker到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选 A。【45题详解】考查动t词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. chang

46、ed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选 Bo【46题详解】考查名t词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故推知为一枚镜 子，故选Co【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得;B. forecasted预报;C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选 Co【48题详解】考查名t词义辨析。 A. repair修理；B. r