生态学 双语 专业英语单词

1、K-对策者 K-strategistis n维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper-volume n维生态位n-dimensional niche Raunkiaer定律Law of Frequency r-对策者r-strategistis 奥陶纪Ordovician period 白垩土草地chalk grassland 斑块patch 斑块性patchiness 斑块性种群patchy population 半荒漠semi-desert 半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams 伴生种companion species 饱和密度saturation de

2、nsity 饱和期asymptotic phase 保护哲学conservation philosophy 北方针叶林northern conifer forest 被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis 本能instinct 本能行为instinctive behavior 避敌avoiding predator 边缘效应edge effect 变异性variability 标志重捕法mark recapture methods 标准频度图解frequency diagram 表现型适应phenotypic adaptation 并行的simultaneous 并

3、行同源paralogy 捕食predation 不重叠的non-overlapping 残存斑块remnant patch 残余廊道remnant corridor 操作性条件作用operant conditioning 草原生态系统grassland system 层次性结构hierachical structure 产卵和取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学industry ecology 长日照植物long day plant 超体积生态位hypervolume niche 成本外摊externalized cost 程序化死亡prog

4、rammed cell death 尺度效应scaling effect 抽彩式竞争competive lottery 臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction 出生率natality或birth rate 初级生产primary production 初级生产力primary productivity 初级生产者primary producer 传感器sensor 串行的serial 垂直结构vertical structure 春化vernalization 次级生产secondary production 次级生产力secondary productivity 次生演替s

5、econdary successon 粗密度crude density 存活曲线survival curve 存活值survival value 存在度presence 搭载效应hitchhiking effect 大陆岛屿型复合种群mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道strip corridor 单联single linkage 单体生物unitary organism 单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort 单元的monothetic 淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem 氮循环nitrogen cycling 等级(系

6、统)理论hierarchy theory 等级的hierarchical 底内动物infauna 底栖动物benthos 地表火surface fire 地带性生物群落biome 地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes 地上芽植物chamaephytes 地植物学geobotany 第三纪Tetiary period 第四纪Quaternary period 点突变genic mutation或point mutation 电荷耦合器charge coupled device, CCD 顶极阶段climax stage

7、 顶极群落climax community 顶极种climax species 动态率模型dynamic pool model 动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory 动态生命表dynamic life table 动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs 动物计数counts of animals 冻原tundra 短日照植物short day plant 断层gaps 多波段光谱扫描仪multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS 多度abundance 多样化variety 多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nin

8、o 反馈feedback 反射reflex 泛化种generalist 防卫行为defennce behavior 访花昆虫flower visitor 非等级的non-hierarchical 非空间模型non-spatial model 非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism 非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation 非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat-tracking metapopulation 非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation 非

9、生态位nonniche 非生物环境physical environment 非线性关系nonlinear 分布dispersion 分解者decomposer 分支过程branching process 分子分类学molecular taxonomy 分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology 分子系统学molecular systematics 浮游动物plankton 负反馈negative feedback) 负荷量carrying capacity 负相互作用negative int

10、eraction 负选择negative selection 附底动物epifauna 复合种群metapopulation 富营养化现象eutrohication 改良relamation 盖度coverage 盖度比cover ratio 干扰disturbance 干扰斑块disturbance patch 干扰廊道disturbance corridor 干扰作用interference 高度height 高斯假说Coarses hypothesis 高斯理论Coarses theory 高位芽植物phanerophytes 格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis 个

11、体individual 个体论概念individualistic concept 更新renewal 功能生态位functional niche 攻击行为aggressive behavior 构件modules 构件生物modular organism 关键种keystone species 关联系数association coefficients 光饱和点light saturation point 光补偿点light compensation point 光周期photoperiod 过滤器filter 哈德-温伯格原理Hardy-Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Oce

12、an ecosytem 寒武纪Cambrian period 旱生植物siccocolous 河流廊道river corridor 恒有度contancy 红树林mangrove 呼吸量respiration 互利mutualism 互利素synomone 互利作用synomonal 化感作用allelopathy 化学防御chemical defence 化学生态学chemical ecology 化学物质allelochemicals 化学隐藏chemocryptic 划分的divisive 环境environment 环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境容纳量envi

13、ronmental carryin capacity 环境资源斑块environmental resource patch 环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert 荒漠化desertification 荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem 黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon 恢复生态学restoration ecology 混沌学chaos 混合型mixed type 活动库exchange pool 获得性行为acquired behavior 机体论学派organismic school 基础生态位Fundam

14、ental niche 基质matrix 极点排序法polar ordination 集群型clumped 寄生parasitism 加速期accelerating phase 价值value 价值流value flow 间接排序indirect ordination 间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis 减速期decelerating phase 简单聚合法lumping 碱性植物alkaline soil plant 建群种constructive species 接触化学感觉contact chemoreception 解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-sol

15、ubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation 经典型复合种群classic metapopulation 经济密度economic density 景观landscape 景观格局landscape patten 景观过程模型process based landscape model 景观结构landscape structure 景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology 净初级生产量net primary production 竞争comp

16、etition 竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle 静态生命表static life table 局部种群local population 距离效应distance effect 聚合的agglomerative 均匀型uniform 菌根mycorrhiza 抗毒素phytoalexins 可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure 空间模型spatial model 空间生态位spatial niche 空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool 矿产资源mineral

17、resources廊道corridor 离散性discrete 利己素allomone 利己作用allomona 利他行为altruism 利他作用kairomonal 连续体 continuum 联想学习associative learning 猎食行为hunting behavior 林冠火crown fire 磷循环phosphorus cycling 零假说null hypothesis 领悟学习insight learning 领域性territoriality 流flow 绿色核算green accounting 逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation 铆钉假说Rivet

18、hypothesis 密度density 密度比density ratio 密度制约死亡densitydependent mortality 面积效应area effect 灭绝extinction 铭记imprinting 模拟hametic 模型modeling 牧食食物链grazing food chain 内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase 内稳态homeostasis 内稳态生物homeostatic organisms 内源性endogenous 内在的intrinsic 耐阴植物shadeenduring plants 能量分配原则principle

19、of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow 能源资源energy resources 能值emergy 泥盆纪Devonian period 拟寄生parasitoidism 逆分析inverse analysis 年龄分布age distribution 年龄结构age structure 年龄性别锥体age-sex pyramid 年龄锥体age pyramids 偶见种rare species 排序ordination 配额quota 配偶选择mate selection 偏害amensalism 偏利commensalism 频度frequency 平衡选

20、择balancing selection 平台plantform 平行进化parallel evolution 栖息地habitat 期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation 器官organs 亲本投资parental investment 亲族选择kin selection 趋光性phototaxis 趋化性chemotaxis 趋同进化convergent evolution 趋性taxis 趋异进化divergent evolution 趋异适应radiation adaptation 取食促进剂ovipositi

21、on and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods 去除取样法removal sampling 全联法complete linkage 全球global 全球变暖global warnning 全球定位系统global Positioning System 全球生态学global ecology 确限度fidelity 群丛association 群丛单位理论association unit theory 群丛组association group 群落community 群落的垂直结构vertical structure 群落生态学community

22、ecology 群落水平格局horizontal pattern 群落外貌physiognomy 群落演替succession 群系formation 群系组formation group 热带旱生林tropical dry forest 热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest 热带稀树草原tropical savanna 热带雨林tropical rainforest 热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch 人工廊道int

23、roduced corridor 人口调查法cencus technique 人口统计学human demography 日中性植物day neutral plant 冗余 redundancy 冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis 三叠纪Triassic period 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 熵值entropy value 上渐线upper asymptotic 社会性防卫行为defence behavior 社会优势等级dominance hierarchy 摄食行为feed behavior 生活史life history 生活史对策

24、life history strategy 生活小区biotope 生活型life form 生活周期life cycle 生境habitat 生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality 生理死亡率physiological mortality 生命表life table 生态出生率ecological natality 生态对策bionomic strategy 生态反作用ecological reaction 生态幅ecological amplitude 生态工程ecological engineerin

25、g 生态工业ecological industry 生态规划ecological planning 生态恢复ecological restoration 生态经济ecological economics 生态旅游ecotourism 生态密度ecological density 生态农业ecological agriculture 生态入侵ecological invasion 生态设计ecological design 生态适应ecological adaptation 生态死亡率ecological mortality 生态位niche 生态位宽度niche breadth 生态位相似性比

26、例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap 生态文明ecological civilization 生态系统ecosystem 生态系统产品ecosystem goods 生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity 生态系统服务ecosystem service 生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统学ecosystemology 生态型ecotype 生态学ecology 生态因子ecological factor 生态元ecological unit 生态作用ecological effect 生物org

27、anism 生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity 生物量biomass 生物潜能biotic potential 生物群落biotic community，biome 生物群落演替succession 生殖潜能reproductive potential 剩余空间residual space 失共生aposymbiosis 湿地wetland 湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem 湿地植物hygrophyte 时间结构temporal structure 实际出生率realized natality 实际死亡率realized

28、 mortality 食草动物herbivores 食肉动物carnivores 食物链food chain 食物网food wed 矢量vector 适合度fitness 适应辐射adaptive radiation 适应值adaptive value 适应组合adaptive suites 收获理论harvest theory 收益外泄externalized profit 衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern 水土流失soil and water erosion 水循环water cycling 瞬时增长率instantan

29、eous rate 死亡率mortality & death rate 松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling 松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling 溯祖过程coalescent process 溯祖理论coalescent theory 酸性土理论acid soil plant 酸雨acid rain 随机型random 碎屑食物链detritus food chainK-对策者 K-strategistis n维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper-volume n维生态位n-dimensional niche Raunkiae

30、r定律Law of Frequency r-对策者r-strategistis 奥陶纪Ordovician period 白垩土草地chalk grassland 斑块patch 斑块性patchiness 斑块性种群patchy population 半荒漠semi-desert 半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams 伴生种companion species 饱和密度saturation density 饱和期asymptotic phase 保护哲学conservation philosophy 北方针叶林northern conifer forest 被动取样假说p

31、assive sampling hypothesis 本能instinct 本能行为instinctive behavior 避敌avoiding predator 边缘效应edge effect 变异性variability 标志重捕法mark recapture methods 标准频度图解frequency diagram 表现型适应phenotypic adaptation 并行的simultaneous 并行同源paralogy 捕食predation 不重叠的non-overlapping 残存斑块remnant patch 残余廊道remnant corridor 操作性条件作用

32、operant conditioning 草原生态系统grassland system 层次性结构hierachical structure 产卵和取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学industry ecology 长日照植物long day plant 超体积生态位hypervolume niche 成本外摊externalized cost 程序化死亡programmed cell death 尺度效应scaling effect 抽彩式竞争competive lottery 臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction 出

33、生率natality或birth rate 初级生产primary production 初级生产力primary productivity 初级生产者primary producer 传感器sensor 串行的serial 垂直结构vertical structure 春化vernalization 次级生产secondary production 次级生产力secondary productivity 次生演替secondary successon 粗密度crude density 存活曲线survival curve 存活值survival value 存在度presence 搭载效应h

34、itchhiking effect 大陆岛屿型复合种群mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道strip corridor 单联single linkage 单体生物unitary organism 单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort 单元的monothetic 淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem 氮循环nitrogen cycling 等级(系统)理论hierarchy theory 等级的hierarchical 底内动物infauna 底栖动物benthos 地表火surface fire 地带性生物群落biome

35、地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes 地上芽植物chamaephytes 地植物学geobotany 第三纪Tetiary period 第四纪Quaternary period 点突变genic mutation或point mutation 电荷耦合器charge coupled device, CCD 顶极阶段climax stage 顶极群落climax community 顶极种climax species 动态率模型dynamic pool model 动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium

36、theory 动态生命表dynamic life table 动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs 动物计数counts of animals 冻原tundra 短日照植物short day plant 断层gaps 多波段光谱扫描仪multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS 多度abundance 多样化variety 多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino 反馈feedback 反射reflex 泛化种generalist 防卫行为defennce behavior 访花昆虫flower visitor 非等级的non-hiera

37、rchical 非空间模型non-spatial model 非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism 非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation 非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat-tracking metapopulation 非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation 非生态位nonniche 非生物环境physical environment 非线性关系nonlinear 分布dispersion 分解者decomposer 分支过程branch

38、ing process 分子分类学molecular taxonomy 分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology 分子系统学molecular systematics 浮游动物plankton 负反馈negative feedback) 负荷量carrying capacity 负相互作用negative interaction 负选择negative selection 附底动物epifauna 复合种群metapopulation 富营养化现象eutrohication 改良relam

39、ation 盖度coverage 盖度比cover ratio 干扰disturbance 干扰斑块disturbance patch 干扰廊道disturbance corridor 干扰作用interference 高度height 高斯假说Coarses hypothesis 高斯理论Coarses theory 高位芽植物phanerophytes 格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis 个体individual 个体论概念individualistic concept 更新renewal 功能生态位functional niche 攻击行为aggressive be

40、havior 构件modules 构件生物modular organism 关键种keystone species 关联系数association coefficients 光饱和点light saturation point 光补偿点light compensation point 光周期photoperiod 过滤器filter 哈德-温伯格原理Hardy-Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem 寒武纪Cambrian period 旱生植物siccocolous 河流廊道river corridor 恒有度contancy 红树林mangrove

41、呼吸量respiration 互利mutualism 互利素synomone 互利作用synomonal 化感作用allelopathy 化学防御chemical defence 化学生态学chemical ecology 化学物质allelochemicals 化学隐藏chemocryptic 划分的divisive 环境environment 环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity 环境资源斑块environmental resource patch 环境资源廊道environmental resource

42、 corridor 荒漠desert 荒漠化desertification 荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem 黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon 恢复生态学restoration ecology 混沌学chaos 混合型mixed type 活动库exchange pool 获得性行为acquired behavior 机体论学派organismic school 基础生态位Fundamental niche 基质matrix 极点排序法polar ordination 集群型clumped 寄生parasitism 加速期accelerating phase 价

43、值value 价值流value flow 间接排序indirect ordination 间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis 减速期decelerating phase 简单聚合法lumping 碱性植物alkaline soil plant 建群种constructive species 接触化学感觉contact chemoreception 解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation 经典型复合种群classic metapopulation 经济

44、密度economic density 景观landscape 景观格局landscape patten 景观过程模型process based landscape model 景观结构landscape structure 景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology 净初级生产量net primary production 竞争competition 竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle 静态生命表static life table 局部种群local population

45、距离效应distance effect 聚合的agglomerative 均匀型uniform 菌根mycorrhiza 抗毒素phytoalexins 可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure 空间模型spatial model 空间生态位spatial niche 空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool 矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor 离散性discrete 利己素allomone 利己作用allomona 利他行为altruism 利他作用kairomonal 连续体 c

46、ontinuum 联想学习associative learning 猎食行为hunting behavior 林冠火crown fire 磷循环phosphorus cycling 零假说null hypothesis 领悟学习insight learning 领域性territoriality 流flow 绿色核算green accounting 逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation 铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis 密度density 密度比density ratio 密度制约死亡densitydependent mortality 面积效应area effect 灭绝extinction 铭记imprinting 模拟hametic 模型modeling 牧食食物链grazing food chain 内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase 内稳态homeostasis 内稳态生物hom