新视野大学英语2unit1

1、Unit 1Time-conscious AmericansIndex Preview and Warm up New Words Phrases and Expressions Text structure analysis Text key points ExpansionWarm up Time flies. 时光易逝 Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金 Time lost can not be recalled.光阴一去不复返 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人 Time cannot be won again. 时间一去不再来 Time

2、 is , time was , and time is past. 现在有时间，过去有时间，时间一去不复返 Time lost can not be recalled.光阴一去不复返New words budget v. plan carefully how much of sth. will be needed （为.）作出安排 She has learned how to budget her time carefully. 她已学会了怎么精心安排自己的时间。The government has budgeted 10 million dollars for education spen

3、ding. 政府在预算中拨款一千万美元作为教育经费。vi. plan the spending of money carefully 制定预算 As a student, you have to learn how to budget. 作为学生，你得学会如何制定开支计划。n.C the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on sth. 预算It is important to balance ones budget. 使收支平衡十分重要。They are preparing the companys advertisi

4、ng budget for 2007. 他们正在制定公司2007年的广告预算。New words charge v. ask sb. for an amount of money for a service 向.收费，要价 We do not charge for delivery. 我们免费送货上门。 The doctor charged us 400 dollars for a five-minute examination. 医生做一次5分钟的检查要了我们400美元。New words acute a. 1. quick to notice sth. 敏感的；敏锐的 Dogs have

5、an acute sense of smell. 狗有灵敏的嗅觉。The critical professional requires unusually acute observation. 评论家需要非常敏锐的观察力。 2. very serious or severe 严重的The president suffered acute embarrassment from this news. 这一新闻使总统十分难堪。He felt acute pain on his back. 他感到背部很疼。New words hourglass n.C （计时用的）沙漏 The use of the

6、hourglass dates back to almost two thousand years ago in China. 沙漏的使用在中国可追溯到差不多2千年前。New words restless a. unable to keep still because one is nervous, bored, or impatient 烦躁的；不安静的After one month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 这工作他干了一个月就感到厌倦，于是决定不干了。The children grew restless with

7、 the long wait. 等的时间一长，孩子们就逐渐躁动不安起来。 restlesslyad. in a restless manner; impatiently 烦躁地；不安静地She walked back and forth restlessly in her room. 她焦躁不安地在房间里走来走去。He moved about restlessly, lighting a cigarette. 他焦躁不安地走来走去，点燃了一支烟。New words elbow vt.push sb. with the elbows 用肘推（或撞）人 He elbowed me out of t

8、he way. 他用肘把我推开了。 She elbowed her way forward. 她用胳膊肘推挤着向前走。 The old brands have been elbowed out of the home market. 老品牌已经被挤出了国内市场。 n.C the joint where the arm bends 肘 He sat with his elbows on the table. 他坐着，双肘架在桌上。 His arm was wrapped from the elbow to the fingers. 他的胳膊从肘部一直包扎到手指。New words abrupt

9、a. 1.(of behavior) rough; offensive粗鲁的，无礼的 The manager was offended by his abrupt reply. 经理被他的粗鲁的回答激怒了。 The head teacher is very abrupt with parents. 主任老师对家长们的态度很粗鲁。 2. sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的 The road is full of many abrupt turns. 这条路有许多急转弯。 His abrupt departure surprised everyone. 他突然离去，使大家都

10、很吃惊。New words opening a. beginning; starting 开始的 the opening words开场白 He left after the opening speech of the debate. 辩论会的开场白之后他就走了。 The queen attended the opening night of the theatre. 女王观看了这家剧院的首夜演出。New words opening n. 1. C an occasion when a new building, road, etc. is used for the first time, e

11、sp. one that involves a ceremony 开业典礼；落成典礼 the opening of a new highway 一条新公路的通车典礼 Many attended the opening of the new sports center. 很多人参加了新体育中心的落成典礼。 2. C a position that is available in a business or firm 空缺职位 There are few openings in publishing for new graduates. 出版行业能为新毕业的大学生提供的空缺职位极少。 Im try

12、ing to apply for an opening in an advertising firm. 我正在申请广告公司的一个空缺职位。New words ritual a. done regularly and in the same way 例行的；惯常的 Every day the work begins with the ritual greetings. 每天的工作以例行的问候开始。 They made ritual apology and left. 他们做了程式化的道歉，然后就离开了。 n.C, U sth. done regularly and in the same way

13、 惯例 Wives make a ritual of their household duties. 家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。 Ive wound up the clock so many times that it has become a ritual. 我经常给钟上发条，以致这已成了我的习惯。New words interaction n.1. C, U communication 交流 The interaction of the two groups produced many good ideas. 两个组通过相互交流提出了许多不错的见解。 If there was m

14、ore interaction between the two, their problems would be solved. 如果双方有更多的沟通，他们的问题会得到解决。 2. C, U a process by which two or more things affect each other 相互作用；相互影响 the interaction of two medicines 两种药之间的相互作用 The interaction between different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 警方相互

15、合作可以提高破案率。 New words conventionn.1. C, U general, usu. unspoken agreement about how people should act or behave in certain situations 习俗；惯例By convention, the leader is always a man. 按照惯例，领导总是由男性担任。Wearing a coat and tie is an accepted convention on such an occasion. 在那种场合，穿外套系领带是约定俗成的穿着要求。2. C a mee

16、ting of members of a profession, political party, etc. 会议；大会They hold the annual convention in July. 他们每年7月召开年度会议。The convention decided on a new rule. 大会就一项新规定作出决议。New words leisure n.1. U time free from work or other duties; spare time 空闲，闲暇 Weve been working all week without a moments leisure. 我们

17、已整整干了一周，无一刻闲暇。He has some leisure from his studies. 他在学习之余有些空闲时间。2. U ease 悠闲，安逸A life of easy leisure makes a man less adventurous. 安逸的生活会使人变得不思进取。After she retired, she lived in leisure at home. 她退休后闲居在家。 leisurelya.without hurrying 从容的；不匆忙的walk at a leisurely pace 迈着从容的步伐行进Her walked at a more le

18、isurely pace. 他慢悠悠地走着。New words assess vt.judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of sb. or sth. 评价，评估 They assessed the value of the house at $600,000. 他们估算这幢房子值60万美元。 They say they can assess intelligence from these tests. 他们声称通过这些测试能对智力进行评估。New words surroundings n.(pl.) all the

19、 objects, conditions, etc. that are around and may affect sb. or sth.; environment 周围的事物；环境 pleasant surroundings 令人愉快的环境 The new surroundings made the children very happy. 新的环境让孩子们很开心。New words probe v. try to find out the truth about sth. 调查；探究 The matter must be probed to the bottom. 这件事必须彻底调查。 S

20、he tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她试图探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。 n.C 探针（医生检查伤口用的钝头细长工具） The doctor lost the probe during the operation. 手术过程中，医生弄丢了探针。New words social a.1. relating to society and peoples lives in general 社会的 Governments have made efforts to improve womens social an

21、d economic status. 政府已作出努力以提高妇女的社会地位和经济地位。 Not least important, marriage is a great social stabilizer of men. 很重要的是，婚姻是促使男子稳定的一大社会因素。 2. relating to meeting people and spending time with them 社交的 She often attends social gatherings. 她常出席社交聚会。 His reasons for calling were purely social. 他来访的原因纯粹是为了社交

22、。New words socially ad.与社会 (或社交) 相关地 We have known each other socially for a long time. 我们相交已久。 For socially ambitious couples this is a problem. 对社交上雄心勃勃的夫妇来说，这是一个问题。New words tick vi.(of a clock or watch) make a short repeated sound （钟、表等）滴答响The old clock ticked noisily. 那口老钟的滴答声很响。My watch doesnt

23、 tick because its electronic. 我的表不滴嗒作响，因为它是电子表。n.sing. the short repeated sound that a clock or watch makes （钟、表的）滴答声The continual tick of the clock got on my nerves. 钟不断地作响，令我心烦。The ticks seem to be coming from that bag over there. 滴答声似乎是从那边的袋子里发出的。New words consequently ad. as a result 因此，所以 My ca

24、r broke down and consequently I was late. 我的汽车半路上出了毛病，所以来晚了。 I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to spend on food during the last few days of the holidays. 我在假期第一周就用掉了大部分钱，因此最后几天几乎没什么钱买吃的了。New words device n.1. C a machine or tool for a special purpose 器械，装置 H

25、e made a device to make the door shut by itself. 他制作了一种能使门自动关闭的装置。A computer is a device for processing information. 计算机是一种处理信息的装置。2. C a way of doing sth. 方法，手段Her illness is only a device to escape seeing him. 她所谓生病只是回避见他的一种策略。By various devices he was able to make a huge fortune. 他通过各种手段赚了一大笔钱。Ne

26、w words fax n.C 传真；传真机 Ill send you a fax with the details of the meeting. 我会把会议的细节用传真发给你。 Ill send you the agreement by fax. 我会把合同用传真发给你。New words email n.C, U (also e-mail) 电子邮件 Nowadays people send far more emails than letters by post. 现今人们发送的电子邮件远多于信件。 They keep in touch by email. 他们通过电子邮件保持联系。N

27、ew words given prep.taking sth. into account; considering 如果考虑到 Given the uncertainty over my husbands future I was left with little other choice. 鉴于我丈夫前途的不确定性，我别无选择。 Given the circumstances, youve done really well. 考虑到环境因素，你做得已经很出色了。New words gathering n.C a meeting 集会，聚会 I met him once or twice at

28、 family gatherings. 我在家庭聚会上遇到过他一两次。 Soon afterwards, the gathering broke up and the guests took their leave. 不多久，聚会结束，客人告辞。New words impersonality n. U the quality of not showing or including personal feelings 不牵涉个人感情；无人情味 It was a system of impersonality; it made no difference who you were, so long

29、 as you could master its rules. 这是一项不牵涉个人感情的制度，只要你掌握规则，你是谁都无关紧要。New words electronic a.1. using devices such as radios, televisions, computers, etc. 使用电子设备的 This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本。 Ive only now become familiar with the benefits of electronic banking. 我现在才熟悉电子银行的优点

30、。 2. produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的 an electronic address book 电子地址簿 an electronic game 电子游戏 New words significance n. sing., U the importance of an event, action, etc. 重要性；重要意义 Could you explain to me the significance of this part of the agreement? 请把合同中这部分的含义给我解释一下好吗？ Few people r

31、ealized the significance of the discovery. 几乎没人意识到这一发现的重要性。New words conduct /kndkt/ vt. 1. carry out 进行；实施 conduct an experiment 做实验 We have been conducting a survey of the region. 我们对该地区进行了调查。 2. act as the path for electricity, heat, etc. 传导（电或热） Copper conducts electricity well. 铜具有良好的导电性能。 He w

32、asnt sure if rubber conducted electricity. 他不能肯定橡胶是否导电。New words conduct /kndkt/ n.U the way sb. behaves 行为，举止 The prisoner was set free early because of good conduct. 那个囚犯因表现好而被提前释放。 Nobody can stand such shameless conduct. 没有人能容忍如此不知羞耻的行为。New words increasingly ad. more and more 日益；愈加 Increasingly

33、, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人们逐渐认识到我们的根本问题并不是经济问题。 The country became increasingly rich and successful. 这个国家日趋富足昌盛。New words conference n.C a formal meeting （正式）会议 The Institute of Accountants is holding its conference in Edinburgh this year. 会计师协会正在爱丁堡举行今年的

34、会议。 Shes an organizer of the International Conference on AIDS that the university has every year. 她是大学每年召开的爱滋病国际会议的组织者。New words teleconference n. C （通过电话、电视等手段召开的）远程会议 Holding a teleconference can save time and money. 召开远程会议既省时又省钱。 The technicians were busy preparing for todays teleconference. 技术人员

35、正忙着为今天的远程会议做准备工作。New words obtain vt. get sth. that one wants 获得，得到 He always manages to obtain what he wants. 他想要的他总能弄到。 Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以从我们的总部获得更多的资料。New words superb a. extremely good 极好的 The sports center is superb. 这个体育中心是一流的。 The view from my window

36、is superb. 从窗外看去，景色壮丽。New words whereas conj.in contrast; while 然而；但是 He earns $8,000 whereas she gets at least $20,000 every year. 他一年只挣八千美元；而她却至少挣两万美元。 She is hard-working, whereas he is lazy. 她很勤快，而他却懒惰。New words postal a. relating to post; sent by post 邮政的；邮寄的 Domestic postal services will be re

37、viewed this year. 今年将对国内邮政系统进行评估。New words efficient a. working well and without wasting time, money, or energy 效率高的 a very efficient secretary 办事效率高的秘书 Lighting is now more energy efficient. 现在的照明更节能。New words impolite a. not polite 无礼的，失礼的 It would be impolite to leave in the middle of the meeting

38、. 在会议中途离开会是失礼的。 She had no wish to appear impolite but there was something about the man that made her so. 她并不想表现出有失礼仪，但那个男子的举止使她不得不如此。New words elapse * vi. (of time) pass （时间）过去，逝去 Three years have elapsed since we last met. 自我们上次见面以来，已经过去三年了。 Four years had elapsed since he left college and still

39、 he hadnt found a job. 他大学毕业已四年了，却仍未找到工作。New words skillful a.(BrE skilful) having or showing ability to do sth. well 熟练的；有技巧的He is skillful at inventing excuses. 他善于编造借口。Soon they became very skillful in answering such questions. 他们很快变得善于回答这类问题。 skillfulnessn. U ( BrE skilfulness) 熟练；技巧He was admir

40、ed by all for his skillfulness. 他技术精湛，赢得众人交口称赞。His performance tonight speaks volumes for his skillfulness. 他今晚的表现充分说明他技巧之熟练。New words competent a.having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc. 有能力的；能干的；胜任的 Hes not competent to look after young children. 他不太会照管孩子。 My secretary is perfectly com

41、petent, but she doesnt have much patience. 我的秘书完全能够胜任工作，只是耐心不够。New words fulfill (BrE fulfil) vt.1. do what one must do 履行；执行 fulfill an obligation 履行义务 A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. 护士在护理病人时要履行许多职责。 2. achieve sth. one wanted to do 实现；完成 I have fulfilled many of my yout

42、hful aims. 我已实现了我年轻时的许多目标。 Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream. 游玩迪斯尼实现了他儿时的梦想。New words capital n. sing., U money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business 资本；资金 Our return on capital has more than doubled since 2000. 2000年以来, 我们的投资收益翻了一番还多。 Since the stock market crash,

43、companies have been trying to raise capital by selling new stock. 股市崩溃以来，不少公司一直在设法通过销售新股筹集资金。Phrases and Expressions fall behind move more slowly than other people so that one is behind them 落在.后面 She hurt her ankle and fell behind the others. 她的脚踝受伤了，所以落在了其他人后面。 His mother was chatting and didnt no

44、tice that he had fallen behind. 他妈妈一直在和别人聊天，都没发现他落在了后面。Phrases and Expressions result inmake sth. happen; cause 导致；造成.的结果 Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力取得了成功。 If left untreated, the condition will eventually result in blindness. 这种情况如果不治疗，最终会导致失明。Phrases and Expressions run out 1. (of food,

45、money, etc.) there is none left 用完；耗尽 Their supplies soon ran out. 他们的供给很快就用完了。 We must act quickly because time is running out. 时间所剩无几，我们得赶快行动。 2. use all of sth. and not have any left 用完；耗尽 We can see that the manager is running out of his patience. 我们可以看出，经理快没耐心了。 The printer has run out of paper

46、. 打印机的纸用完了。 Im afraid weve run of gas. 我们的汽油恐怕已经用完了。Phrases and Expressions in a rush in a hurry 匆忙地 Im in such a rush that I cant stop. 我忙得手脚不闲，停不下来。 Everybody is always in a rush to get ready in the mornings. 早上，每个人的准备工作都总是很匆忙的。 表示匆忙的词 race through:do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his ho

47、mework in order to watch TV. 为了看电视，那孩子匆匆做完了作业。 Phrases and Expressions take . personally feel that a failure or unpleasant situation is your fault and be upset about it. You mustnt take her negative comments of your plan personally. 你不应该把她对你的计划的批评当作对你个人的攻击。Phrases and Expressions go with exist or ta

48、ke place at the same time with sth. else 同时发生；伴随 Money does not always go with happiness. 有钱并不一定就幸福。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 做父亲就得有责任。Phrases and Expressions small talk light informal conversation for social occasions闲聊 I am not a social person and stink at small talk. 跟读 我不是个喜欢社

49、交的人，不善于和人闲聊。Phrases and Expressions work at put effort into sth. or doing sth. 致力于；从事 Ive been working at my essay all day. 我整天都在不停地写文章。 You will have to work at the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination. 你如果想通过考试，就得在你英语薄弱的环节上下功夫。Phrases and Expressions in person doing sth.

50、 by oneself 亲身；亲自 The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. 获胜者将亲自去那里领奖。 I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person. 我以前在电视上见过她，但当面相见，她却看上去很不一样。Phrases and Expressions due to because of sth. 由于 His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on

51、the way. 他迟到是因为路上车辆太多。 His hunger was due to not eating for the entire day. 他整天没吃东西，因此感到饿。Phrases and Expressions pour into give a lot of effort, money, etc. to sth. 大量投入（精力或金钱等） Theyve poured thousands of dollars into developing the business. 他们已投入数千美元开展业务。 A lot of his time was poured into his res

52、earch. 他的很多时间用在了研究上。Text Structure Analysis Part one:General statement:Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.(Para.1)Time is a precious resource for Americans. Reasons: Manay people hace a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the s

53、ands have run out of a persons hourgalss, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.(Para.2)Text Structure Analysis Part two: How do Americans treat time?Details about how Americans are in a rush-often under pressure of time. Reason: People value time highly, and they resent someone els

54、e wasting is beyond a certain approriate point.(Para.3)In business life,Americans starttalking businessvery quickly in-stead of takingtime leisurelybusiness chats in arestaurant or cof-fee house, assess-ing and developinga sense of trust intheir business partners in relexedsorroundings.Reason: Time

55、is therefore, alwaysticking in their inner ear.(Para.4)They produce a flow of labor -saving devicies such as faxes,phone calls, or emails to savetime.(Para. 5)Americans believe the impersonality of electronic communication has no relation to the significance of the matterat hand. Americans are meeti

56、ng on televisions screens, etc. to settle problems both at home and abroad.(Para. 6)Almost every American uses the telephone to do everything suchas business, chats with friendsshopping, obtaining all kinds ofinformatin, etc.Reason: Telephones save endless amounts of time.(Para.7)Text Structure Analysis Part three:Cultural differences: People of different cultures believe that it is impolite to work too quickly and that assig