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1、小学英语语法入门(一) 接数字要大写首字母的单词 有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母,并且数字的首字母也要大写,这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number等。如Lesson One第一课,Class Two, Grade Three三年级二班,Team Four第四组,Number Five第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。 Be动词的一般用法 be动词包括am、is、are, 其用法如下: 1. am只用于I的后面,如:I
2、am a girl. I am ten. 2. is只用于she/he/it或其他单数第三人称后面,如: It is a big apple. A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩,单独一个人是单数第三人称) Mike is in Team Three.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称) An app
3、le is in a box.(an apple一个苹果,一个东西是单数第三人称) A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书,也是单数第三人称) 3. are只用于you、we、they或复数人称后面。如: You are Number Thirteen. They are in Grade Nine. We are
4、 at home. Mike and a girl are in a bus. (Mike和一个女孩指的是两个人,是复数人称) Six boys are in Team Six.(Six boys六个男孩,多于两个人也是复数人称) A book and a box are on a desk.(A book
5、and a box一本书和一个盒子,两个物是复数人称) Three pencils are in the pencil-box.(Three pencils三支铅笔,多于两个物也是复数人称) 如何变一般疑问句(一) 1. 提前原句中的be动词is、are,Be动词首字母要大写,原句首字母恢复小写,照抄剩余部分,然后加问号。举例如下: Tom is in Grade One. Is Tom
6、60;in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. This is an eggIs this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.(an egg是物,所以用it来回答) That is Rose Is&
7、#160;that Rose? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.(Rose是女孩,所以用she回答) This is TomIs this Tom? Yes, he is. /No, he isnt.(Tom是男孩,所以用he回答) They are in Class Nine. Are they i
8、n Class Nine? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. A cat and a dog are on the floor. Are a cat and a dog on the floor? Yes, they are.
9、160;/ No, they arent. Many birds are flying in the sky. Are many birds flying in the sky? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 2. 提前情态动词can ,举例如下: She
10、can spell clock. Can she spell clock? Yes, she can. / No, she cant. Max can say the numbers. Can Max say the numbers? Yes, he can. / No
11、, he cant. They can speak very good English. Can they speak very good English? Yes, they can. / No, they cant. 如何变一般疑问句(二) 变一般疑问句,所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称(特殊除外)。即:I(me)
12、0;you, we(us) you, am are, my your, mine yours. 1. I am Number Six. Are you Number Six? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 2. We are in Team Four.
13、; Are you in Team Four? Yes, we are. / No, we arent. 3. This is my classroom. Is this your lassroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 练习:变一般疑问句 1.
14、160;We are in the same grade. 2. I am in Class Six. 3. That is my sister. 练习:变一般疑问句并作两种回答 1. Eve is in a bus. 2. This is an orange. 3. That is
15、60;Mrs Zhang. 4. This is Mr Hu. 5. Kate can ride a bike. 6. Tom and a girl are in the classroom. 7. They are Japanese. 8. Lucy and Lily can speak
16、 Chinese. 如何变一般疑问句(三) 一、如果句中谓语动词是have/has got,则提前have/has。(注意:有some要改成any, 有第一人称要改成第二人称,有第二人称要改成第一人称。) 1. Ive got a knife. Have you got a knife? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 2.
17、60;Toms got some good friends. Has Tom got any good friends? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt. 练习一:将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。 1. Simons got some postcards from Mexico. 2.
18、Lauras got a violin. 3. Ive got a piano. 4. Shes got a knife and fork and chopsticks. 二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形,则在句首加do;如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数,则在句首加does,原动词第三人称单数恢复原形;如果句中谓语动词是过去式,则在句首加did,原动词过去式恢复原形。 1. I often&
19、#160;sing songs on Flag Day. Do you often sing songs on Flag Day? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 2. Kate always has Easter Eggs on Easter. Does
20、;Kate always have Easter Eggs on Easter? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 3. We ate zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival. Did you eat zongzi last Dragon Boat&
21、#160;Festival? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt. 4. Im eating delicious moon cakes now. Are you eating delicious moon cakes now? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.
22、5. Father Christmas often gives you presents on Christmas. Does Father Christmas often give us presents on Christmas? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 练习二:将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回
23、答。 1. I sometimes get up at 6:00. 2. Rose never dances on Halloween. 3. They watched a big football game last Thanksgiving. 4. Tom and Mike a
24、re swimming in the lake. 5. Santa Claus always gives you presents on Christmas. 变特殊疑问句一般分三步: 第一步:根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步:将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步:去掉划线部分,并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定,现总结如下:如何变特殊疑问句(一)1. 对姓名提问用What ,例如 His name is
25、 Max. Whats / What is his name? Her name is Rose. Whats / What is her name? 2. 对物提问用What,例如 It is a banana. Whats /What is it? This
26、160;is a pear. Whats / What is this? That is a chick. Whats / What is that? 3. 对年级提问用What grade ,例如 Tom is in Grade Six. What grade is
27、 Tom in? She is in Grade Nine. What grade is she in? 练习:变特殊疑问句 1. That is a bag. 2. His name is Sam. 3. This is a blackboard.
28、0; 4. Amy is in Grade Eight. 5. He is in Grade Seven. 如何变特殊疑问句(二) 1. 对班级提问用What class Tom is in Class One, Grade Two. What class is Tom in?
29、160; I am in Class Six, Grade Three. What class are you in? We are in Class Four, Grade Six. What class are you in? 2. 对组、队提问用What team I am
30、 in Team Nine. What team are you in? We are in Team Ten. What team are you in? Lingling is in Team Eleven. What team is Lingling
31、;in? 练习:变特殊疑问句1. Daming is in Team Twelve. 2. Im in Class Six, Grade Nine. 3. We are in Team Five. 选择疑问句 选择疑问句是由一般疑问句+or+其他构成的供选择的句子。 1. Is this a pen or a
32、0;pencil? Its a pen. 2. Are you English or American? Im an American. (注意:1,择疑问句or前面的单词要读声调,or后面的要读降调。2,择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,只能在or前后选择。) 练习:将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答 1. Are you in Class One?
33、(Class Two) 2. Can you speak Chinese?(Japanese) 3. Do you like playing basketball?(football) 4. Would you like some milk?(some juice) 5. Is he Tom?(Sam) 如何变
34、特殊疑问句(三) 1.对人提问用Who,对人名提问用what(一句话中有单词name,并在name下划线,疑问词就要用What;如果没有单词name,并在人名下划线,疑问词就要用Who。) She is Kate. Who is she? Her name is Kate. What is her name? This boy is
35、;Jim. Who is this boy? His name is Jim. What is his name? That woman is Ms Smart. Who is that woman? Her name is Ms
36、Smart. What is her name? 2.对年龄提问用How old . She is nine. How old is she? . Eve is ten. How old is Eve? 3.对排、行提问用What row . Mike is
37、in Row Nine. What row is Mike in? . He is in Row Five. What row is he in? . Im in Row Four. What row are you in? 4. 对地点提
38、问用Where . Mike is on the hill. Where is Mike? . The cat is in the box. Where is the cat? . A pear is on the chair. Where
39、0;is the pear?(上句出现a,下句用the特指) 练习:变特殊疑问句1. Coy is in a bus. 2. Laura is in Row Five. 3. Rose is twelve. 4. The girl is Lucy. 5. I am at school. 6. Tha
40、t man is Mr Hu. 7. Im twenty. 8. A woman is in the room. 9. Her name is Lucy. 10. I am Mr Wang. 如何变特殊疑问句(四) 一. 对长度提问用How long 1. The Great W
41、all is thousands of kilometers. How long is the Great Wall? 2. The Changjiang River is about twelve thousand Li long. How long is the Changjiang R
42、iver? 二. 对人口数量提问用How big is+地名? 1. Beijing has got about 14 million people. How big is Beijing? 2. New York has got 8 million people. How big
43、;is New York? 练习: 1. The Yellow River is about 5thousand 4hundred kilometers long. 2. Shanghai has got about 17 million people. 3. Heilongjiang is about four t
44、housand three hundred kilometers long. 4. San Francisco has got about eight hundred thousand people. 如何变特殊疑问句(五) 一、对时间提问用When。 1. Christmas is on December 25th When is Christm
45、as? 2. April Fools Day is on April 1stWhen is April Fools Day? 练习一:对划线部分提问 1. Halloween is on October 31st. 2. Easter Sunday is on the first Sunday after&
46、#160;April 21st. 3. Childrens Day is on June 1st. 4. Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November. 二、对数量提问用How many+可数名词复数或How much +不可数名词。 1. I can see three
47、birds in the sky. How many birds can you see in the sky? 2. Ive got two brothers. How many brothers have you got? 3. There are twenty-six girls
48、;in Class Four. How many girls are there in Class 4? 4. There is some bread in the bag. How much bread is there in the bag? 5.
49、60;Shes got a lot of apples. How many apples has she got? 练习二:对划线部分提问 1. There are thirty-three boys in Grade 9. 2. Ive got lots of toys. 3. There is
50、 some juice in the bottle. 4. Hes got a lot of stamps. 5. I can see many monkeys in the zoo. 6. There are lots of festivals in America. 三、对所做事情提
51、问用What。 (注意:如果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或过去式,都要用do替代划线部分;如果划线部分是动词现在分词,则用doing替代划线部分。) 1. We carry flags on Flag Day. What do you do on Flag Day? 2. He has a special meal on the Spring
52、Festival. What does he do on the Spring Festival? 3. She is singing songs now. What is she doing now? 4. The cat ate a bird last night. What
53、160;did the cat do last night? 练习三:对划线部分提问 1. They often watch TV on Saturdays. 2. Im playing computer games now. 3. She goes to school from Monday to Friday.
54、160;4. I visited my relatives last Spring Festival. 5. We are seeing the dragon dance. 6. He ate lots of moon cakes last Mid-autumn Day. 7. We see lanterns
55、;on Lantern Festival. 8. We eat jiaozi on Spring Festival. 9. We say “Thank you.” on Thanksgiving. 10. They give Easter Eggs to each others on Easter. 四、对职业提问用What
56、160;be +sb? / Whats sbs job? / What do(es) sb do? 1. She is a teacher. What is she? / Whats her job? / What does she do? 2. Im a doctor.
57、160;What are you? / Whats your job? / What do you do? 练习四:对划线部分提问 1. Lily is a student. 2. Mr Smart is a driver. 3. We are pupils. 4. The
58、y are teachers. 英语中的打电话 英语中的打电话,通常是接电话者自报号码,如Hello, 89321204. 我是XXX,不说Im ,而说This is 。你是XXX吗?不用Are you?而说Is that?你是谁?不用Who are you? 而说Whos that? 人名+s的用法(一) 1. 人名+s是人名与is的缩写,表示XXX是。 . Toms
59、160;at home. (Tom是在家) . Kates in a bus.(Kate是在公共汽车上)2. 人名+s是名词所有格,表示XXX的。 . Mikes pen is in the pencil-box. (Mike的钢笔是在文具盒里) . Coys home is in England.(Coy的家是在England)3. 人名+s是人名与ha
60、s的缩写,表示XXX有。 . Simons got a big bag. (Simon有一个大书包。) . Lilys got a brother and two sisters.(Lily有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。) 练习:翻译下列句子 1. Toms dad is at home. 2. Jims at home today. 3.
61、160;Im Jims dad. 4. Eves on a hill. 5. Li Leis got a pet dog. 6. Kates in a bus. 7. Mikes pen is in the pencil-box. 8. Coys home is in
62、;England. 9. Lucys got a good father. 10. Toms at home. 小学英语语法入门(二) 名词复数 一、规则变化: 1. 一般在名词词尾加s,如:a desk two desks , an apple three apples 2. 以s、x结尾的在名词词尾加es,如:a box four
63、;boxes , a bus five buses 二、名词复数的读音1.加在清辅音后面的s发s,如:deskdesks,mapmaps2.加在浊辅音后面的s发z,如:eggeggs,girlgirls3.加在元音后面的s发,如:carcars,treetrees4.加在s、x后的es发 ,如:busbuses, boxboxes5.加在 音素后与其合发 ,如:catcats6.加在 音素后与其合发 ,如:bedbeds7.加在 音素后发 ,如:orangeoranges练习:将下列名词变复数并标注所加的s或es的发音
64、cake desk jeep book map bike clock cup girl lesson apple egg pen pencil eraser boy tree picture ruler car dress fox bus box boat cat friend
65、 bird orange 三、不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,child-children ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth ,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 代词(一)&
66、#160;人称代词主格 你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you I he she it you we they 人称代词宾格 你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you me him her it you us them 形容词性物主代词 你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 your my his her its your our
67、 their 名词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 yours mine his hers its yours ours theirs 1.人称代词主格用在动词前,做动作的执行者,在句中作主语。 I look. He can see a bird. They have a good teacher. 2. 人称代词宾格用在动
68、词或介词后,做动作的承受者,在句中作宾语。 Look at me, please. I can see her in the bus. Please ask them3. 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词,但是不可单独使用。 This is my friend. Thats your orange. Her name is Ro
69、se.Miss Li is our teacher. Those are their bananas. 4. 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,可用于动词前或动词后,可单独使用。 This is my desk.= This desk is mineA: Those are their apples. Where are ours? B: Y
70、ours are in the box. 练习一:完成下表 人称代词主格:你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他(它)(她)们 人称代词宾格:你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他(它)(她)们名词性物主代词:我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她)(它)们的练习二:根据汉语提示完成下列各题 1. sing, dance all day. This is life.(我) 2.
71、 is English. name is Jack. (他) 3. is Rose and this is desk., That chair is , too. (她) 4. ask me, I ask . (他们) 5. can ride a bike? This is
72、 bike. That bike isnt . (你) 6. is a cat. name is Tam. Can you see in the picture? (它) 7. Look at , please. are Chinese. Miss Li is&
73、#160; English teacher. (我们) hundred、thousand、million、billion当hundred、thousand、million、billion前面有具体数量词的时候,它们是数量词,没有复数变化,如: a thousand, three thousand, eight million等;当它们前面没有具体的数量词时,则它们是名词,总以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,但不确定,一定要与介词of构成短语之后才能修饰名词, 如:hundreds of
74、160;boys数百男孩,thousands of birds数千只鸟,millions of people数百万人,If I had billions and billions of dollars(数十亿美元), I will buy you everything you want. but that's impossible. haha. 练习:选择正确
75、答案 1. There are volunteers in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. A. ten millions B. ten millions of C. millions of D. million of 2. Many trees should be planted
76、160;on the mountains. A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands D. thousands of 3. More than five _ people are there. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of
77、0;4.- How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? - It's hard to say. _ people, I think. A. Million of B. Millions of&
78、#160; C. Two millions of D. Two million of 基数词 基数词是表示数量的词,如下: one two three four five .Hundred thousand million 1.几十几用整十加连字符“-”再加几, 如:34:thirty-four 98:ninety-eight 2.几百几十几用几百and几十几, 如:112:a hundred and
79、 twelve 375:three hundred and seventy-five 序数词 1.序数词是表示顺序的词,如下: first第一, second第二,third 第三, fourth 第四. 2.基数词变序数词,一般都在基数词词尾加th,其规律如下: 一二三要全变,(onefirst , two second,three thi
80、rd)其余将th加后边,(four fourth,fifty-sevenfifty-seventh )th变化有特例,(如下)八减t,(eighteighth) 九去e,(nineninth) ty改成tie,(twenty twentieth,ninety ninetieth)ve变f再加th。(five fifth,twelve twelfth)基数词变序数词记忆口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上th。一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。若是碰到
81、几十几,前用基来后用序小学英语语法入门(三)方位名词与方位介词 1. 方位名词 N means north, S means south, W means west and E means east. NE means northeast, SE means southeast, NW means northwest and SW
82、0;means southwest. mean代表,意思是north北south南west西east东 2. 方位介词:包含in,接壤on,相望to . B is in the north of A. (B在A的北部) . C is in the west of A. (C在A的西部) . F is on the
83、160;north of A. (F在的北边) . I is on the south of G.(在的南边) . G is to the west of A. (在的西边) . H is to the east of A. (在的东边) 练习一:翻译下列句子
84、160; 北京在中国的北部。 2. 上海在中国的东部。3. 旧金山在美国的西部。4. 海南在中国的南部。5. 日本在中国的东边。6. Russia(俄罗斯)在中国的北边。 练习二:看右图,用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。 1. E is the south of A. 2. D is in the of A. 3. G i
85、s the north of I. 4. G is the west of C. 5. J is the northeast of A. There be 句型 一、There be+sb(某人)/sth(某物)+someplace(某处),表示在某地有某人或某物。当be后是单数名词时,be用is,后面是复数名词时be用are。
86、;1. There is a bird in the tree. (在树上有一只鸟。) 2. There is a book on the desk. (在桌子上有一本书。) 3. There are two boys on the hill. (在山上有两个男孩。) 练习一:仿照
87、例句翻译下列句子 1. There is a pencil in the pencil-box. 2. There are some footballs on the playground. 3. 在桌子里有一个书包。 4. 在椅子上有一个茶杯。5. 在六年二班有27个女孩。 二、There be+sb/sth+doing+someplace. 表示有某人或
88、某物正在某地做某事。 1. There is a man swimming in the river. (有一个男人正在河里游泳。) 2. There are some people riding bicycles. (有一些人正在骑自行车。) 练习二:翻译下列句子 1. There is a girl reading
89、60;a book under the tree. 2. There is a woman listening to music. 3. There are two teachers talking in the office. 4. There is a man sitting on the ch
90、air. 三、There be 句型变一般疑问句,只需要提前be,但有some要改成any。 1. There are some pears in the bag. Are there any pears in the bag? Yes, there are./No, there arent. 2. There is a
91、0;dog playing with Coy. Is there a dog playing with Coy? Yes, there is. /No, there isnt. 练习三:变一般疑问句并作两种回答 1. There is a Chinatown in America. 2. There is
92、 some water in Mars. 3. There are some oranges in your bag. 四、对此句型中的人提问用Whos+someplace? 对物提问用Whats +someplace?(注意:不论原句中be动词是单数还是复数,对人对物提问一律用is) 1. There is a little girl in the roo
93、m. Whos in the room? 2. There are some birds in the tree. Whats in the tree? 练习四:变特殊疑问句 1. There is a man talking to Mr Li. 2. There are&
94、#160;some books in my bag. 3. There is a postcard on the desk. 4. There are some people talking under the tree. 五、对地点提问用Where +is/are +sb/sth? 1 There are two
95、160;boys in the classroom. Where are the two boys? 2. There is a cat on the bed. Where is the cat? (注意:对地点提问时be动词要和原句保持一致。原句中人或物如果是复数,变特殊疑问句时要在数字前加the,如果是单数要把a/an改成the,如果有some,lots of,a lot of,many等都要改成the。) 练习五:变特殊疑问句1. There is an orange on the chair. 2. There are four girls in the classroom. 3. There is a woman in the bus. 4. Ther
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