U4_Amplification增词法

1、vThe President gave Gates a heavy dose of the Clinton treatment, oozing charm and seeking emotional common ground in the fact that both had recently lost their mothers.vClinton let his Justice Department pursue a potentially devastating antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft.克林顿总统以自己克林顿总统以自己惯用的惯用的热烈的待人

2、接物方式对热烈的待人接物方式对待盖茨，满脸魅力、待盖茨，满脸魅力、笑容可掬笑容可掬。因为因为两人都新近两人都新近丧母，丧母，所以他满以为所以他满以为能在两人之间找到共同语言。能在两人之间找到共同语言。克林顿则听任司法部对微软公司提出反垄断诉克林顿则听任司法部对微软公司提出反垄断诉讼讼这对微软公司这对微软公司可能会是一场毁灭性的可能会是一场毁灭性的打击打击。Warming up Activityvthe two Bills are as different as the two ends of the baby-boom generation they representvGates, who

3、came of age in the 1970s, has a Watergate-year detachment from politics, a mind-set more me-generation than “love-in”.两个比尔两个比尔禀性禀性大不一样，他们大不一样，他们分别分别代表了代表了战后战后生育高峰首尾两端生育高峰首尾两端出生的这两类人出生的这两类人。盖茨盖茨2020世纪世纪7070年代长大成人，年代长大成人， 具有具有“水门事件水门事件”年代的人年代的人对政治冷漠超然对政治冷漠超然的特点的特点， 其其心态更心态更接接近近“唯我的一代唯我的一代”，而不是，而不是“颓废派

4、颓废派”。Warming up ActivityvWhen called to account, both have been dismissive of the legal process and have had a strained relationship with the truth.vThe single-minded rise to political power is a timeless story, but Clintons came with the distinctive trappings of his era.当要求当要求他们对自己的所作所为进行他们对自己的所作所为

5、进行解释时，两解释时，两人都蔑视法律程序，欲盖弥彰。人都蔑视法律程序，欲盖弥彰。一心一心从政而最终从政而最终把握大权，这是一个永恒的话把握大权，这是一个永恒的话题。然而，克林顿的题。然而，克林顿的平步青云平步青云则明显地带有当则明显地带有当时那个时代的印记。时那个时代的印记。Warming up ActivityFor example, the translation of the word “wash”:vMary washes before meals.vMary washes before going to bed.vMary washes after getting up.vMary

6、washes for a living.vMary washes in a restaurant.玛丽饭前玛丽饭前洗手洗手。玛丽睡前玛丽睡前洗漱洗漱。玛丽靠玛丽靠洗衣洗衣为生。为生。玛丽在饭店当玛丽在饭店当洗碗洗碗工。工。玛丽起床后玛丽起床后洗漱洗漱。I. 为了明确语义而增词为了明确语义而增词1. Supplying Words to Make Concepts Clear 英译汉时，按照汉语的习惯，有时需要将抽象名词英译汉时，按照汉语的习惯，有时需要将抽象名词的含义具体化。但当的含义具体化。但当具体名词表示抽象概念具体名词表示抽象概念时，具时，具体名词后应体名词后应增加相应含义的名词增加相应

7、含义的名词。1) I was struck by their cordiality to each other.2) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他们彼此的亲密态度让我吃惊。他们彼此的亲密态度让我吃惊。他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情而判决他儿子有罪。他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情而判决他儿子有罪。3) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 4) This lack of resistance in very col

8、d metals may become useful in electronic computers. 5) After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。这种在低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计这种在低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。算机很有用处。一切准备工作就绪以后一切准备工作就绪以后 ，飞机就起飞了，飞机就起飞了 。I. 为了明确语义而增词为了明确语义而增词2. Supplying Words Omitted in the Original 原文中暗含的意思，有时需

9、通过加词明确表达出来。原文中暗含的意思，有时需通过加词明确表达出来。1) Inflation has now reached unprecedented level.2) Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.通货膨胀已发展到了空前严重的地步。通货膨胀已发展到了空前严重的地步。物质可以转化为能物质可以转化为能 ，能也可以，能也可以为物质。为物质。v增加动词增加动词1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and r

10、estaurants.2) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 3) I forgot my key.在中国，我们每到一个城市就在中国，我们每到一个城市就大街、大街、商店、商店、公园、公园、演出、演出、名菜。名菜。晚上在晚上在宴会、宴会、音乐会和音乐会和乒乓球表乒乓球表演以后演以后 ，他还得起草最后公报。，他还得起草最后公报。我忘了我忘了钥匙。钥匙。v增加副

11、词增加副词人群人群散开了。散开了。他一坐下来就讲开了，他一坐下来就讲开了，讲个没完。讲个没完。v在不及物动词后增加隐含的宾语在不及物动词后增加隐含的宾语v增加形容词所修饰的隐含名词增加形容词所修饰的隐含名词I. 为了明确语义而增词为了明确语义而增词3. Supplying Words to Make Generalizations or to Convey the Concept of Plurality 根据汉语习惯，有时需要添加概括性词汇。根据汉语习惯，有时需要添加概括性词汇。1) Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and ag

12、ain in October. 两度两度2) The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, man-made satellites and rockets. 这三个领域这三个领域3) The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their a

13、ttractions. 几个国家几个国家许多许多旅游景观旅游景观。 v增加概括性词汇以承上启下增加概括性词汇以承上启下Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.这种情况这种情况v增加表示名词复数的词增加表示名词复数的词增加重迭词表示复数增加重迭词表示复数增加数词或其他词表示复数增加数词或其他词表示复数Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵朵朵The lion is the king of animals.百百1. The best conductor has th

14、e least resistance and the poorest the greatest.2. If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?3. Air pressure decreases with altitude.Time to Practice最好的导体电阻最小最好的导体电阻最小, ,最差的导体电阻最大。最差的导体电阻最大。既然那么阔，干嘛要叫穷？既然那么穷，干既然那么阔，干嘛要叫穷？既然那么穷，干嘛摆阔气？嘛摆阔气？气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。4. Note that the words “v

15、elocity” and “speed” require explanation. 5. He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars. 6. The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.请注意，请注意， 速度速度 和和 速率速率 这两个词需要解释这两个词需要解释. .他伸出双腿，露出腿他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。上的道道伤痕。群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影。7. I was taught t

16、hat two sides of a triangle were greater than the third. 8. A friend exaggerates a mans virtue, an enemy his crimes. 我学过，三角形的两边之和大于第三边。我学过，三角形的两边之和大于第三边。朋友宣扬人的美德，敌人夸大人的罪过。朋友宣扬人的美德，敌人夸大人的罪过。9. According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 10. A scientist constantly

17、tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500 500 年年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。科学家经常设法推翻自己的假设，否定自科学家经常设法推翻自己的假设，否定自己的理论，放弃自己的结论。己的理论，放弃自己的结论。II. 出于结构需要而增词出于结构需要而增词1. Supplying Necessary Connectives 1) Heated, water will change into vapor. 2

18、) However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost.3) Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 水如受热水如受热, ,就会汽化。就会汽化。不管锅炉壳与蒸汽管封闭得多么严密，还是有一不管锅炉壳与蒸汽管封闭得多么严密，还是有一部分热散失损耗掉。部分热散失损耗掉。因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力体都会受

19、到空气的作用力 。II. 出于结构需要而增词出于结构需要而增词2. Supplying Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences 1) He served in the army for ten years.2) In Beijing, there was a divine scale and a higgledy-piggledy scale.他服过十年兵役。他服过十年兵役。过去的北京既有一种神圣的规模，又有过去的北京既有一种神圣的规模，又有一种杂乱无章的格局。一种杂乱无章的格局。II. 出于结构需要而增词出于结构需要而增词3) We w

20、ont retreat; we never have and never will.4) I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.我们不会后退，我们从未后退过，将来也我们不会后退，我们从未后退过，将来也绝不后退。绝不后退。我原本以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但现我原本以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但现在看来，这是为了嗅嗅小羊羔气味，以断定在看来，这是为了嗅嗅小羊羔气味，以断定它是不是自己的孩

21、子。它是不是自己的孩子。Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence I came to a garden of grottoes, pavilions and shapely rocks and trees. 我来到一个假山花园前，园中亭阁玲珑，山石嶙我来到一个假山花园前，园中亭阁玲珑，山石嶙峋，树木葱郁。峋，树木葱郁。 III.出于修辞需要而增词出于修辞需要而增词Amplification by Repetition v英语为避免重复，尽量使用各种替代手段；而汉英语为避免重复，尽量使用各种替代手段；而汉语喜欢排比结构，英译汉时，可适

22、当增加一些重语喜欢排比结构，英译汉时，可适当增加一些重复词，以顺应汉语行文的特点。复词，以顺应汉语行文的特点。1) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.2) Ignorance is the mother of fear, as well as admiration.足以足以足以足以足以足以的根源。的根源。v翻译比喻性词语、成语、歇后语、双关语有翻译比喻性词语、成语、歇后语、双关语有时需要增添一些解释性词语，才能把意思完时需要增添一些解释性词语，才能把意思完整明白地表达出来。整明白地表达出来。1) shed crocodile tears2) It catered to large appe