英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 Theteacherwithtwoofhis

2、studentsiswalkingintotheclassroom. Thereisanoldmancominghere. Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear. Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.Heisasleep.2. 谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.（二）.选出句中谓语的中心词 Idon'tlikethepictureon

3、thewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall ThedaysgetIongerandIongerwhensummercomes.A.getB. IongerC.daysD.summer Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC. goD.bus Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A. willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB. t

4、winsC.haveD.breakfast3. 表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Seventy-four!YouThepictureison（形容词化的分词）Heisateacher.（名词）don'tlookit.（代词）（数词）Heisasleep.（形Fiveandfiveisten.容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）thewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）The（常见的系动词有：be,sound（听起来）,

5、look（看起来），feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来），remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）Itsoundsagoodidea.soundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.（三）挑出下列句中的表语 Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim? Theleaveshaveturnedyellow

6、.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject. Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?U

7、nderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.（四）挑出下列句中的宾语 Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework. PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish. Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswim

8、ming,howaboutyou?5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（畐寸词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I'

9、;llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）（五）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room. Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool. Shefounditdifficulttodothework. TheycallmeLilysometimes. IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus. DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

10、AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐寸词）Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介词）TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoit

11、well.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）（六）挑出下列句中的定语 TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname. Whatisyourgivenname? OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3. Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor. Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgoth

12、eretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn'tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（七）挑出下列句中的状语 Therewasabigsmil

13、eonherface. Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs. HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven. Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast. Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.（八）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Pleasetellusastory. Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek. Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm. Hereisapen.GiveittoTom. Didheleaveanymessageforme?参考答案（一）teachermandictionaryTodo（二）BACAC（三）tiredworriedyellowinterestedfirst（四）hishomeworkEnglishyourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming（五）toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-roomtotaketheboyoutofschoo