2019年高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit1GreatScientists含解析新人教版必修5

1、Great Scientists李仕才 一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。"Breakfast is the most important meal of the day," reports the Daily Mail, claiming that "skipping it increases your chances of a heart attack."The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Circulation, was carried ou

2、t by researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women sHospital and Harvard Medical School. It was funded by the US National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.This study followed 26,902 male American dentists, vets, pharmacists（ 药剂师 ）, optomet

3、rists, osteopaths and podiatrists（足疗师 ） aged between 45 and 82 years oldfor 16 years. To be fit for the study, the men could not have a history of cancer, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke.The populationbeing studied was also extremely limited professional men whowere almost white. More

4、 research in womenand other groups is needed for us to learn more about breakfast and heart health.After tracking a large group of middle-aged and older male American health professionals, studying their eating habits and their risk of developing coronary heart disease for 16 years, it found that me

5、n who reported skipping breakfast had a 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who ate breakfast.Men who regularly were addicted to a "midnight snack" were found to have a 55% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who didn t. However, no association was seen between ea

6、ting frequency （number of meals per day） and the risk of coronary heart disease. This could suggest that it is the timing of meals rather than the frequency that has a bigger influence on heart health.But because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfast a

7、nd health cannot be proved. While the researchers attempted to take certain lifestyle factors into account, it could be the case that people who take time to have a regular breakfast also tend to have healthier lifestyles.I.What is the passage mainly discussing?A. Heart disease risk is higher in men

8、 who skip breakfast.B. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.C. Many professionals took part in the research.D. Some people have a preference for midnight snacks.2.1 f you want to be a participant . A. you must be an American dentistB. you should contact CirculationC. you should be over 50

9、 years oldD. you must be free from some diseases3 .A person who prefers to have midnight snacks . A. may have a higher risk of coronary heart diseaseB. may have a habit of skipping breakfastC. may have less than three meals a dayD. may eat more frequently than others4 .According to the passage, we c

10、an know . A. a regular breakfast will cost a lot of timeB. more research should be done about breakfast and healthC. the researchers must have developed healthy lifestylesD. only a few people focus on healthy lifestyles 【文章大意】本文重点说明了早餐的重要性。由美国哈佛公共卫生学院等机构对26 902名年龄在4582岁之间的美国男性公民的研究发现，经常不吃早餐的人突发心脏病的风

11、险比吃早餐的人高 27%1 .A【解析】考查主旨大意。作者在文中主要讲述了一项新的研究结果，即经常不吃早餐的人突发心脏病的风险比吃早餐的人高。故选A项。2 .D【解析】考查细节理解。依据文章第三段的内容可知，要想参与这项研究，参与者要具备以下条件：男性；医务工作者；年龄在4582岁；没有癌症、冠心病、心脏病发作或中风病史。故选 D项。3 .A【解析】考查细节理解。依据文章倒数第二段第一句可知，研究发现，经常吃夜宵的男性比不吃夜宵的男性患冠心病的风险高55%故选A项。4 .B【解析】考查推理判断。依据文章尾段的"because of the design of this study,

12、adirect cause and effect relationship between breakfast and health cannot be第2页proved"可知，由于研究的设计方案问题，不能证明早餐对健康的直接影响。故选项。二、教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。John Snow, a well - known doctor in London, became 1. (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2. (expose) to ch

13、olera, a 3. (dead) disease of its day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4. no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem. He got interested in two theories 5. (explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory that suggested that

14、people 6. (absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854, 7. another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test the two 8. (theory). 9. the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10. (blame) 答案：1.inspired 2.were expos

15、ed 3.deadly 4.because 5. explaining 6.absorbed 7.when 8.theories 9.With 10. to blame三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way 1 myuncle's home.People on the street were walking leisurely and chatting 2 , while my father was walking in

16、a hurry.I tried my best to _3_ him.But I was still left behind.I could not understand why he _4so fast.Due to the fast speed, I lost my _5_and wascompletely with sweat.Somehow , I began to be angry at him.He always did not think about my_6_ .“Why do you walk so fast? Don't you see m e behind you

17、 ?” I said _ 7. ”You are always like this.Why must you _8_ so loudly? ” he said and his face got redright away.In fact , I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry."It is your9 ! ” I shouted at him immediately. "You always like to 10 others ! ” he cried out.This made me fall into a rag

18、e( 愤怒).Then we 11 on the street.Whatever he said , I quickly answered back.At that time, I was like a wild beast , losing mytemper.Many people stopped to look at us.I was so _12_ that _could feel my face burning , for I saw some people _13_ me, which made me lose face.I touched my face14 glared at h

19、im."I will never talk to him , " I said to myself angrily.15 could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you.When I went to college , I still hated him.I did not say anything to him, 16 I were not his daughter.Always I pretended to complain that I was too_17_ when_18

20、 that made me feelbut I could not._19_, Ihimself.Although sometimeshe called me.However , it was his tears from the worn-out_ guilty when we met.He had given me everything he had,realized that I should not hate him.Now I begin to phone him and ask him to take care of parents will _20_ wrong, they ju

21、st hope we can be better.1. A.atB.toC. forD.of2.A.perfectlyB.eagerlyC. anxiouslyD.enjoyably3.A.make fun ofB.catch up withC. make way for D.get rid of4.A.walkedB.ranC. startedD.trained5.A.temperB.confidenceC. breathD.balance6.A.beliefsB.behaviorC. feelingsD.requests7.A.calmlyB.frequentlyC. softlyD.lo

22、udly8.A.tellB.claimC. readD.speak9.A.faultB.crueltyC. originD.business10,A.enjoyB.admireC. blameD.abuse11,A.foughtB.bargainedC. consultedD.quarreled12,A.alarmedB.afraidC. ashamedD.amazed13,A.asking forB.laughing atC. waiting for D.aiming at14,A.andB.soC. butD.or15,A.AngerB.SenseC CareD Shame16 A.in

23、caseB as ifC unlessD after17 A.wrongB crazyC busyD innocent18 A.armB faceC headD body19 A.NaturallyB OccasionallyC ObviouslyD Gradually20 A.doB giveC findD keep【解题导语】 作者因一件小事和父亲在大街上争吵， 致使自己颜面尽失， 于是下定决心不再与父亲说话。 但随着岁月的流逝， 作者意识到是愤怒让自己忘记了自己最爱的人为自己 所做的一切，于是逐渐改变了自己对父亲的态度。1 B 根据语境可知，作者与父亲是在去叔叔家的路上。 on the

24、way to. 意为“在 去的路上”，符合语境。故选 B项。2 D 该句中 while 表示对比， 意为“然而”。此处是说作者和父亲走得比较匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比较悠闲，边走边开心地(enjoyably)聊着天。故选 D项。perfectly 意为“完美地”； eagerly 意为“急切地”； anxiously 意为“焦虑地”。3 B 从下文的 I was still left behind 可知，父亲走得很快，作者试图赶上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。 catch up with 意为“赶上”，符合语境。故选 B 项。 make fun of 意为“取笑"；make way fo

25、r意为“给 让路"；get rid of意为“摆脱 ；除去 ”。4 A 根据第二段开头的 Why do you walk so fast ？可知，此处指作者不知道为什么 父亲走 (walked) 得那么快。故选 A 项。5 C 根据空后的 completely with sweat 可知，由于走得太快，作者气喘吁吁、汗流 法背。lose one's breath意为“喘不过气来”，符合语境。故选C项。temper意为"脾气”；confidence 意为“信心”； balance 意为“平衡”。6 C 根据上文中的 I began to be angry at him

26、 可知，作者对父亲很生气，认为他 根本不考虑作者的感受(feelings)。故选C项。belief 意为"信念"；behavior意为“行 为；举止”； request 意为“请求；要求”。7 D 上文提到作者很生气， 所以说话的声音应该是很大的。 根据第 8 空后的 so loudly 也可知答案。故选 D项。calmly意为“平静地"；frequently 意为"频繁地"；softly 意为“温柔地”。8 D 根据下文的 In fact ， I deliberately spoke loudly and.可知，此处指父亲埋怨作者说话声音大。

27、故选 D 项。9 A 作者责怪父亲走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此处指作者认为这都是父亲的过错(fault) 。 故选 A 项。 cruelty 意为“残忍”； origin 意为“起源”； business 意为“事情； 商业”。10 C 作者在埋怨父亲， 而此时父亲也非常生气。 因此， 父亲在说作者总是责备(blame)别人。 故选 C 项。 enjoy 意为“喜欢”； admire 意为“欣赏”； abuse 意为“虐待； 滥用”。11 D 根据下文 Whatever he said ， I quickly answered back.At that time, I waslike a wi

28、ld beast ， losing my temper. 可知，作者大发脾气，与父亲在大街上吵了起来，所以选 quarreled ， 意为“争吵”。 fight 意为“打架”； bargain 意为“讨价还价”； consult 意为“咨询”。12 C 根据空后的 I could feel my face burning 可知，和父亲吵架引来很多路人驻足观看， 作者感觉自己的脸滚烫， 因此可推断， 作者感到羞愧(ashamed) 。 alarmed 意为“担忧的；恐慌的"；afraid意为"害怕的"；amazed意为"惊奇的"。13 B 由空后

29、的 made me lose face 可知，作者觉得很丢人，因为看到路人在嘲笑她。laugh at意为“嘲笑"，符合语境。故选 B项。ask for意为“请求；要求“；wait for意为“等待”；aim at意为“针对；以为目标”。14 A 句意为：我摸了摸我的脸，怒视着他。 touched 和 glared 是作者先后做的两个并列的动作，所以用 and 连接。15 A 文中反复提到 angry ，通过对与父亲吵架的描述可知，此处指生气能让人忘记你所爱的人为你做的一切。故选 A 项。16 B 设空后的 I were not his daughter 为虚拟语气，作者因怒生恨，吵架

30、后不与父亲说话，就好像自己不是父亲的女儿似的。 as if 意为“好像”，符合语境。 in case 意 为“以防”；unless意为“除非"；after意为“在之后”。17 C 父亲每次打电话时，作者总是抱怨太忙。 busy 意为“忙碌的”，符合语境。故选 C 项。 wrong 意为“错误的”； crazy 意为“疯狂的”； innocent 意为“无辜的”。18 B 眼泪应该是从脸上流下来，所以选 face 。句意为：但是，当我们见面时，父亲那饱经沧桑的脸上流下的泪水使我感到内疚。19 D 根据空后的 I realized that I should not hate him可知

31、，作者越来越理解父亲， 认识到不应该再恨父亲， 此处强调的是一个心理逐渐变化的过程。 gradually 意为“慢 慢地；逐渐地”，符合语境。故选 D项。naturally 意为"自然地"occasionally 意为“偶 然”； obviously 意为“明显地”。20 A 尽管有时候父母会做错事，但是他们希望我们能更好。此处指可能会做错事， 所以选 A 项。四、教材与话题写作(I)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。1 .居里夫人(Curie)出生在波兰华沙(Warsaw, Poland),年轻时在巴黎上大学。在那里她遇 见了她的丈夫。(attend)答案： Madame C

32、urie was born in Warsaw, Poland. She went to attend college in Paris as a young lady and there she met her husband.2 .他们专注于放射性物质的研究，这使他们发现了镭(radium) 。 (be absorbed in; lead to)答案： They were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter and this led to the discovery of radium.3 .他们提出了一些有关放射性的新理论。(put forward)答案： They put forward some new theories about radioactivity.4 . 1903年，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。(award) 答案：In 1903, they were awarded the Nobel Prize.5 .居里夫人对科学发展做出了巨大贡献，但是她不看重金钱和名声。(make grea