初一到初三英语知识点总结宣贯.docx

1、初中'习资料 【初中英语祠印忌结】(sec . hear no6co . find、fgl . feston to、look ateg I like watching monkeys jump1 (tt»« and比较貌)表示越未趋忽么Ffa piece of cake -easy 小菜一磁(容易)2 agree with sb 哉成义人all kinds of 衣种各样 a kind of Tf3 all over the wodd = the vhote world 整个世界along with RTfl, Mieg: I wfl go along with y

2、ou 我料和你思去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生H救卸f您衿村As soon as -怎么ttStt么怦4 as you can see 你是 Hl道的ask for求肪向耍的东西】5 ask sb for sth向某人什么ask sb to do sth 引何某人某小ask sb not to do 叫来人不探做:某小6 at ibe ageo< 在岁时at the belnrwig of的起初： 的开场I5allbe8dor地帝4时例皱血 琅知 未龌at thts time 5 year在辞牛的送个时成1

3、6 bs心 汕Weni cf sththat clause 从句壤切对什么有信心.自佗be doing & 1现在送俄时2将来时17 be Me io ( v 版). can («v R) 能够be afraid to do (of sth 必俱.害怕21 be allowed iodo 被允许ftUI 么be angry with sb 生某人的22 be angry wtth(ai) sb lor dong sih为什么而牛某人的 1bo as .Ki.as 和什么样 og : She is as tall as mo ttWft 样商23 be ashamed Iobe

4、 away from 迅 tf»24 be away from 从状开be bad for 对什么右古25 be bom 出生于be busy doing sth 忙于做什么邢 be busy with $lh 忙于26 be careful Kfrtt 小心be difreren! from frfl 么不-杆27 be famous lor 以K 名be friendly to sb 对关人友好28 be from = come from 来 fbe full of 能词OT be lilted with 充满 eg: the glass is full of waler the

5、 glass is tilled with water29 be gtacMwdQ，'从句be gong to W 以) 将栾时30 be good atjdoing) do well in 在某力而着,.普于be good for对什么有好她31 be happy to do 很快乐做其混be helpful to sb 对某人有好 ft32 be in good health 介体安战be in trouble it 于困本中33 be interested in电某方ifiltfbe late tor - come late to IB到 eg: Be late for dass

6、 上谋蛆到34 be like tt eg : I'm like my motherbe mad at牛某人的气35 be made from由WA(Wt&以F；看不吏匝打H)be mad© ofill:M戒(3(戒以品还见(ft材料)36 be not sure友不瑜定be on a visit to 琴位37 be popUar Mh $b 受某人收送be quiet 安静38 be short for表.的婶号eg： M is short for 阂俊泰be sick in bed 生 V； ftWi39 be Sony to do Sih be sorry f

7、or sb eg : lam sorry for yoube sorry to hear that40 be sony to trouble sbbe strict in do<ng sth 尸 Jitt某郸41 be strict with sb时某人要未产格be Strict with sb in $th 茱方面对某人产常W be supposed to do 被基求干什么be sure衣破定be sure dong slh "做烘小有伯心66 be sure d sth对fti柴串有信心66 be sure that sth 对做案事日伯心69 be sure io do

8、 sth*fi We are sure to learn English wel ftt l 定能学”英语be terrified of * 名/动 doing Xtfl70 betemtiedtodosm将留做某事be the same as . . 和什么-样71 be used to dong slhMy father is used io getting up early 我iSSJWVbe worth doingffiWftj什么75be(feel) alrad to do sth 潸为他某睾 be alr&d & sth 宵怕某物 be afrakl thatbec

9、ause* f because of 诺eg : He was late because he had a headache He was tote because of ht$ headachebegin to do - start to do 肝篇做某* start with =begin.wth.以什么开场什么76 betAwn .and .两者之间borrow $1h from sb 向ffi tend sth to sb ( tend sb sth ffrfu什么东代77 both = the same<as) = not drtferent(from) X ftbother

10、打搅 bother sb to do stheg : rm sorry to bother you .but can you ten me to way to the stationA. hundred、B eight hundred C. hundreds of(2) There iswater. You needn*! get wmc more.A. few B. little C. much导析：由致诃与名M的播配处系可知选B.(2)由gtr可知掉除人巩再由后一句敢恩便削&C.2. 注基不定代词的用法.(I)不定代词在句中在主语.训诺的诃妾用机致畛式.Hta： Thcrcisix

11、xhinxinihcfridfc. (2)不定代遍受形容 诃烽捧时要攻夜形容诃的 lit而. W 如:There i% exnething intercaing in todiy(% ncwipiper.3. 句串的反怠疑何句.要注怠陈述局耕的形式.心果砾述的依含们mk.few. ix». nobody.时nc铮吉认询时.后帼的简短何句中肯定形式,例S There k nobody in the mom. is there?但有的含有否认意义的形8何修济不定代诃时那么仍召作尚定句式.削如：Thrn: is somelhing ungual in the room, isnllly?T

12、here be句型命向有网个力曲i -足涯步加会药州识的理解G运却方俑的考察班如be前闾与上谄的 一俄性、名诃戒代词的ttltiift.搭*美泵.含否认诃的版立疑问句等二是有可使出现-有某人在做某事.这一句 型.PJJ *There be +%b +doinj slh. +地戍/时同 VU矿被动语态，被动语态表示主语是动作的求受若由'助动河be*及物访诃的过去分诃构成.Be有人称.歆用和时志变化 一胶现在时：be (is am are) 及物功初的过去分词胶过去时，be (was were)+及物动诙的谊去分词情杰动伺的过去分诃：情恣动诃,be +及物动词的4去分诃【第18 M 拔初沿

13、作级习ABCA.熟记构造被动语态的构造为“助动诃be卜及物动词的il去分诃(p. P)'.被动语宓的不同时态是通过be的时恣变化来表 示的.R人称W敬方面应与.主IS保持fKN体变化为：浪现在时：Am/k，nre+p. p.胶过力时：was/were+p. p.胶将来时：»hal1 / will be +p. p.have / has been +p. p.filft'ifiW时：Am/k-arebeing+p. p.过去将来时：shtMild /would be +p. p.舍册恭动诃的破动构造：炳咨动W+be+p. p.被动语咨常用于以下再神情况：1. 不知斌供戏

14、功作的执行希9K*awsffttwc作知康匕：2. 会表动作的承WdJhC.然炼.转按1. 将主功尚&变祛功语力的极本方法为： 将主劫诅名的实南(1嫉动谄密的主讷，谄诰动河变为be+及饬动诃的i土去分诃.井通过be的变化表达出不月的时在：主劫偷态的土偌变为介诃by的我我 出成介何短语做在被功枸爆中的用偈功的Z后.(有N by知四可以有咕1.2. 的 极度门句地将-个助助idU干主沿之前：否能句禁在薄个勘动何后如（心：特殊赅祖句的语怀为：陞问词+ 殷豪何句.例抓，Where did ihc> grow %vcublcfc? I 改为拔动治 &）Where were vegc

15、tiibk、grown ?将主动语去变彼幼谄密岌注fitJL个羚H：情出，含双宾语的主动构造变为16动构诋时.有两神方汶： 将间接长四变为主语.持不变： 将皿技玄满变为主胡间按宾遍用介词io或for -JI '如短语动向的被对语志：在变为照动语态时.要将垣语动诃!为一个擎体，其后的介诃或JM诃不能有六.1. 含有夏合宾诵的主动构论实被动构也时.通常将底讯变为我动句的主讷.而Kffltt足讷就成为:E讷补足治.注 fi：有略心的不定犬作宾补时，不定式符号s必须补上.2. 不定式的被动构造：劫何不定式的核劫语态为“eobe +il去分何以性何代诃开头的受H句料捡成被动句时要注意讽序：应将主

16、动句中的炫伺代讽改为介诃g的宾论.但仍输ft 在句了开头.Win：E. 注.6RW拔动语恣和过去分诃作表语的区别：1）曾义不闩：被沏语咨扬诚勘作.9 A Hi明踽伟由谁完戒、筮歼完成：而过去分何作表语通常用来描情景,表 送人或4物的待征及所处的状，.Wtttt：2）圳法不印过去分询H表满时可以拔so. wry. loo#印埋曲河MtW 而被动诵恣那么不他IJso oy（oo 简，而%/fJ much, wry much. *o much, too much 试比牧：F. 本记（相关）OS初中救材中垃被动诰室相关的句型有：1. be covered with HA9KbcnwifcoflllWt

17、l?（发生物理变化）hcnwfcfmm由确作（发生化学变化）be nude in由（某地I制渔be iixuk by被：其人）粗造beuwdfbrlfi用来btuwd”彼当作（作为）栾快用be uwd lodoMh.2. k is said that. JK说1（ is huped IhK.希望1（ is well knoun（h«i.众RSWt 知例筋我十分抱欺打ttfr. 口垦你伉告诉我/么去车站by the end d 到为止78 call sb sth eg : We call him old war>gcatch up with sbII上某入85 ctiat wit

18、h sb卸某人W供take sb io* 倍某人去某地come in 进86 come over io 过来come up wth 提出 eg Can you come up wth a good idea你能也出，个好力法妈？87 communicate w4h sb 和某人交Viconsider * doing:号电做什么eg : Why no< consider going to ki zbou为什么不号出去泸州？88 dance to Mifi眺粉deckle to do sth决定酸菜事89 do a survey oi 成弟方啪的调查do better in在力血揪约更好90

19、 do wrong 做犒Doni forget io do $m不要忘 了做某 W91 Don't mind *domg /从句？名说 不1?介炬each .名（机！初个.eg . Each 或udenl has many bocks轲-个学生100 end up «do<ng101 enjoy Kioing 义仪escape from 从逃相102 expect io do sth期侍*某 Jfall dawn 摔下来tai ott从哪件下来103 fall in love wth $b .*$th 爱上什么far from 盛某址远104 find *it *adj

20、 *to do发现做茉事£么株find sbsth -tadj 发现什么先么林 eg : I find the bock interesting105 finish 完戒Moing （名诃）fit to sb = be ht for sb 疝合某人106 Wgeuodo没有做而忘了 forget doing做了而又忘了from .to.从某某到其泉eg- From me for her107 gel mave slh down 做完.Vi.（81 A） fei. .eg I have my hair cut 我理 J*发（头SWW f）Tom got hi$ bad tooth pu

21、Md out场母把他的坏牙拔抑了 （被牙欧拔掉TI©da part-time job= find a part-time job108 ©cl ak>ng well with sb = 9Cton wll wth sb 与某人相处布好get along with sb - get on with sb 勺环入相处109 pd ready for = be ready f<x 为什么 11）准备 get sb m io troubte蛤某人带来麻炀120get . from.从某地很到及物121 a talk 僚报告I22ge$thio$b give $b $th

22、给某人某为go fish Wft go swimming 游祗123 goon io do 去做卜'一件事go on doing 消庄做这件事po out away from 正必 go out 5 从.必开124 goto school上学Ul) P V业的i 90 to the school去学校不一定是上学)good way to 好方法125 hate k> dohatedo<ng HKttil 的事have a party for sb举办iR 的晚会126 have a talk 折报告 诙一谈have been doing现住光成法哀时127 hav«

23、; been to .( 地方l上过某过独方have goew to地方)上了某地正没回来hav® fun *doing 玩帘快乐128 have sth to do 汀 ft 么举娅havntodosth 必务做某市129 have trouble (problem) (m) doing sth 做什么那仇 0 麻嫉have.time *doog130 have .仰向"off(AVi139 hear sb dadoing 听 RIMAWiMWiE在做某*140 help a lotitt大用处1A1 help sb wth sth 'ones sth帮助某人某事

24、be*p sb (to) do sth ffiilhltAftJKVhope to do Jth希只!做!£*142 How about(«dong) - What atxxjt« doing)how do you like - what do you think of你”什么的 G .145if:是者=岫风eg: I don't know If (weiber) I should go to the party 我不切ifi我是否J#该 A ?P.UUftf?He don't know rf (wthor wo will arrive on li

25、mo tomorrow moming他小灿。我们明天 M 上站否能准时到达146,血果.就(全部按 段时去I +条件流您从句eg: 11 go to LuZhou rt it doesl ra»n 忸设圳天不下rti役就去洪伸If they change the plan they wll let me know 段设他f】要改变方案，他们会让我知道的11 go to England .if I have enough money next year 如处我明年由足够的我.我牧佞去英国147 in one's opinion - sb think 某人认为in some wa

26、ys在某些方尚148 in the end flnalyadv)ift后in Che norths. 什么在什么的北方(north 41 swth 南 west 西 east 瓶)149 in the sun 任太阳下increase 增加eg : Tbe/ve increased the prece of petrol by 3%他VJC石油价增M了 3%instead of (名 I 代苻eg: rd hke an apple instead of a pear 我把要单果.而不您梨子introduce Sb 10 Sb 介圮装人谿某人 inU8u8 oneself自我介辨150 invi

27、te sb to do sth jQ WM 人做某事11 takes sb somciimo to do sth做某人花抻J£人多少时间eg : It look me 5 minutes to do my hexnewak It takes me half an hour to cookir$ 4adj 4f<x sb to do $lh时某人来说做粟事勿么样151 Ws -adj 4todo做某串龙么村ifs 4adjrasb对干某人来设怎么样Ifs 04 of sb对某人来说太您么样h s 4adj of sb to do slh某人来说依某事152 irs adKfors

28、bl to do :对某人*粉 做茉事怎么样 太把么样eg : h's nice o* you to help me with my English153 Its a good idea for sb to do s?h 对 来说格个好主改154 irs important to sb W祟人来说很审殳 eg: irs important to me155 Ifs time todosth Its time lor sth利 了 诙去被 V：事的时间eg : tfs time to have class164 join = take partin #111eg : tfs time t

29、o have class165 join = take partin #111Its t»me for class 诙 2j.k® 了让什么仅;持什么祥？ keep hcailhy 保择安娥165 just now WJH(1G6 keep *sb 'sth 4adj 7介 v(Wi?：167 keep out不让地入168 keep sbadj 让(K 持IGdkeylo 名问170 key lo.袤示：某物的饥世或某慝的答案anscr to.key可以呈答趣或例&171 laugh at.取笑172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 team

30、 from sb 向其人孕习174 leamtodosth 学缺菜事175 tel sb do sth 让其人做来步l76Leisbdon 让共人失隼 eg :17712。from :M某也l76Leisbdon 让共人失隼 eg :17712。from :M某也We snouk,t奴our fareots down 我们不应该ii我们的父。失望178加。In 大地方 栩小地方郡住在梁地179 kx火 after * lake care ofFfi最!Rt <i180 k>se one's way 谁 1£ 株181 make a decision to cto

31、slh决定做某 W182 make fnends wth sb和谁成为册友eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时网定的早一点184 make on exhiMion of onesW让某人出汗相185 make sb/n <n使什么戒为什么eg : I made her my step mofer I made you my vwte1 盼 make sb .'sth +adj 使某人(某物】2i么杵 eg : You must made your bed dean187 make sb .'sth

32、 adj使某人，某构肥么肝188 make sb do sth 让其人做某事189 make up be made up of 态)ili甘I成190 make.dlfteence to.191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介 jft做什么192 most 名 most 5 代1&3 much too + 彰客词194 must be 一定195 need196 need $b do sth需要某人做茉事197 need to do (实义前词 Ineed do198 no.'heithr of hate iodono .*neithr

33、of hale dong199no+名词not anymore - rx> more 再也不 eg: He didn1! cry any more200 not. （JK ,副）at all eg: Hes not tall at all she doesn't junp tar al allnot.at all 一点都不201 not either 表否认.也不 eg :l don't japanse either I don*! have sister, either 我也没占州给not.unu flfij才202 oner / provide sb wnh sth

34、洽某人提供oiler $b 5th （offer $th io sb提供什么束何玲某人凶:I otter you waler <i offer waler to you 我给你处供水on one*s way to.在谁去那的路上203 on the one hand 方ffll on the other hand另一方ffilon the phone - over the phone 用 交诙204 on time 准盼 in time 及时one day -some day -someday 天.月一天205 one of 4诃敷名词的岌敷形式one to another 一个到另一个

35、206 over and over ag>n H Z 起的 og He deaned the floor ov，and ow agin215part-bme job ftftl.llft： fall-time job 仝职.1：作216 pay for. 付钱pay lhe bil 升钱 付钱please *do217 please he<p yourselfpleased with sb218 pool irrto = pore intopeaebe© Hoing 辫习做某邪219 preler sth to sth 相对史森立 eg : I preter physic

36、s to chemisty 在物理和化学中.物理prefer sb rxx to do sth 更电急 eg: I prefer her no< lo come 我不fl fttfc不来220 protend to do slh什么 protend that 从句eg : Tne two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这再个r 力工作rather.than 宁可也不eg : I lAKXjId rather be a doctor than a teacher Rlilfi -L.也不当薪而regard as 把当fl I regard

37、 you as my frierxl我把处:当件我的册友221 remid sb about sth人什么事refnd sb to do sth 舞部杲人收菜事eg : he remids me about cooking rem»d$ me to cook他捉IW我做坂r©Eid sb4 sth快某人把您什么the words that （wt*ch） the teacher talke to remind me 5 my motherreturn sth to sb 还什么嫁西岩某人222 say to oneself 对自己说say to sb我菜入设223 sb s

38、pend sotnemoney on sth 花（t 少钱在某小 I .224 sb spend somdimc with sb 花多少时何书谐sb spend sometmeim） doing sth 花 多少时间做 M 书225 sb with sb *is sb and sb taresee sb do &既某人某那 see sb doing&义某人正在心事226 seem to dOitoe么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happysend，sb slh 诺给杲人某构23B send.to.JE什么洛列叩里会？23

39、9 shock 使eg : Oh . h*s only you I You gwe me a stxx* 时 是你呀！吓我 跳show sb sth 向某人喉示某物240 show sb sth = show sth to sb求什么幻西给 X 人（ishow sth to sb向染人屣示某构243somo.others ,些另些start.Mh. 从开场begin.fh. 从开场244 sUy away from ii®eg WeYe toW io stay away trom the animals v*tie ashing the zoo :与我 flzoo »L 我

40、们 通再前物Stop doing停下正在供的事245 stop sb from doing sth田止臬人做某那step stxtrocn） doing246 stop柘do停下正在燃的掌去做卜 件4such 4« 这样.这种247 suit sb 姑合某入surprise sb ttUAtSft io one's surprise令某人惊奇248 take classes 上谡take sb lo 把某人带 M eg . I lake you to the hospital249 take walks = take a walk - gator a 岫衣 散步Walcto

41、刘谁® Ulkwith® talkot 淡到® talk aboul 谈论关于talk with sb 和 人说话250 leach sb sth 软某人做某事tell sb do sth古诉梁人做归。261 tell sb sth 告指某人某事 tea sb mat 丛句 tell si> no< to do slhtell sb （not） to do slh告诉MAW什么262 tell .from,. |<X4thank you kx doing263 the same（doing>*asthe sag .（名）踮 as. （adj

42、 adv） a® 样264 the way to do sth = the way of domg si 做某方面 的方法the way to 地方去事的路c g ：Do you know the way to team Engish Do you know the way of learning Eng5$hthe way Io.（地点） 到勇的270 transatteinto 把fl么什么 eg: Trasatt© English nto Chinesetravel With $b和茱人去旅耕271 try one's best to do &h 嫁束

43、人髭人的努力去燃菜事 eg: I will try my best to team English we*ltry io do slh也干什么.但没戒功 try doing sth费干什么，己绞做过了272 try.试表玳 have a try 试一下turn down 开小 tum up 开大273 turn off 关上 tum on AUT open 拆开upside down 倒样274 visit to-卷舰某个地方vail for sb 等某人【比较since和for 1Simre用来说明功作起始时间.for用来说明劫作i£fltN间长度.例如I have hwd het

44、c for more dun i*vmy >var.我住在这儿二十多年 了 I hft« lixxxi here wncc I w*s k»m.我从出生起St住在这儿了.注意：并非仃此作为时间状语的句孑都用现在完成时I utifked berv fur niixv than l*vnl> yes.【我现在已不在这里工作.)I have worked here for many years.(现在.我仍在这里工fin)注意：用句型料换的方法，象容易扑除单延覆动诃布有血心”构造的充戒时中的谀用.1)(XJ: Tom Iua studied Ku*mmi k»

45、;f ihnx >vum. - Toni began (i> study Ruwian (hiec yes ngo. and is Mill ud>mg il iww.2) (ffi) Harry has £o< nuirried for six yews. = Harry io get mumcd six)c«w ugo. nod ts Mill gettinf mimed now. 导馅,中 1 句不时，它应改为 Harry got married mx jvurt ago.或 Harn1 hm ten married for mx yes.(s

46、ince mWIJr/J血dil去一个时何点修】H体的站 月.日期、钟.如1980.IasinxMUfi.halfp»tsix)* Mill：I huK'c been here since IW, 1989 fe：.我 这几，*inc«+段时向 ago.例如：I have been Iktv since five mornhs说由.我在达儿.已经有五个月了since.从句.ftjfl：Great change* have taken place *in« you left.你走后-'煲化诃大(.1) IU5L段时Usance从句.伊加：It ix

47、ycaw since I became a pcnignuhurtc student.我与 I 研丸生。两年 (i£续动询与。何动询】1) 用于完成时的区别域蛾功词农示经历、另LL：."wLj何8.妇；段的时间状琉益用.例如He haci>nipk«xl the wo«k.皱已充或厂那用工作.(表结!R1Ive knoun him since (hen兆从肥时忍就认识他I表经历)2) till/until从句的差异址域动词用于待定句.混示寸(到.龄向动诚用于西认句.表示”到才.例如，He didn't come Mck until ten

48、o'clock.他到 10 吉才 H 来.He slept until ten o'clock, ffe *Alf PJ 10 jftI'm sorry to keep >vu waiting.Oh. not at all. Ihere only a few mmuws.A. have been B. tud been C. wai D. will be祥入待的功作由过去开场.符续到现在.应用理在克或W卜点同赢提鉴】一.WL(I)箪诃介漏* in, on, under, behind, near. at. of1) . in波示*在中. ”在R*. m my ba

49、g在我的H包里in our class在我们班I.2) .on*示夜上 Whh on thcwalI在堵上. under 我衬在E MID： under the tree 在树下3) . behind在后而。例如：behind lhedooc佐门后. near 表，六在fflifi*. MU1 near the teachers desk 在讲必附近4) 顽表示.在.ft*. Mta： at school在学校. of混示.的.例如：a map of China -北中田地图1. xfW a/an/tbe:冠诃般位于所聚定的名诃物.用来罪名名河所折的人或市粉诃有不定也诃和定冠何两轴.不定冠诃白

50、西个形 式.Waan. a用在以地音&素开火的词礼 如a book：的用在以无晋音*开头的字卅前.an aptfe. a或颅与可敬名可收败还用.正指兑炎人浅弟皆中的一个.theEL4以用在可妆名利的.也可以用在不可故名词曲,灰示某个或某竺特定的人或W物.也诃以捎上文捉员苣的 人成小饬.2. some 和 anyffiffifi定句中川some国在疑何句和否认句中用any记住它们的特殊用法，some亦B用于表示的望佝列时力行定的乔复或表示建议、委蜿请求的映何句中，这一点我们不久就会学到.例 tthSVoukJ you like to have some apples?你您吃苹梁叫？(?i

51、any也诃用于肯定句中.表示.任«W< WMhAny one olus can do thlS-ft们当中值何一个都能依这个.3. famiy©family fttt-为-个雄体陈 卷够是.家庭,后血的iff诰动讨be川牧攻形式is ； tiftlfamily fitt-为家它成员时. 戍代解为红数.后面的用研功injbe隘国由。CfFamiiy强调由求人泪康的个票体或曲H这个集体中的成如home拊个人出生被恍算怆大的环境和居住地点. house nrsc "ftW- »J)RW住的您筑本身.4. Mtle的用法little常用来生命的名i虱iHf

52、cWeitw表示否认惫义,的。也治不 There is little lime. JL F没WffnJT.三.语徒1 .名诃所有格名间如要表示与豚面名诃的所有美杀.14常用名诃所肖格的形式.AW的.-般有以下几特形式：I般情成下在诃足加S.名诃以s始冷.只如,.Teachcfs* Day 教而¥1】1皿果复敷名词不以B姑次.仍如,8Chidrcrfs Day 儿众节(V混示苒个或几个共有时.所布幡戍如在后一个名漏上.VI Lucy and Lil/$ room Lucy 和 Lily 的房何动物卬无生命十物的幺洞的所有格 独不在司足加广.而侑.常用of的场论来表示.2. 莓使句析使句

53、主要用捌ft承说话人的诵求、企如ttU.叮等意图.祈使句段不用主语读时用阡利.为便语*1姿孀、7L貌.修住句的成句Will ptease佐句«M. Bease训多开风 切.祈使句肯定形代的前瑙功诃一律用动何腹影.(1) ,祈使句的否认影式甯川妇't.说话»!««»-人称印象三人材时.表示让仗殷染串.析使句，sd讪箪句表示“如果.«-祈使句*«r榆爪句表示“否卓么'Zwi.ncithcrJI?的倒装句.为了萌止何前句话的内自冷象，英谓中习慢用“顽小”引导的倒装句.Zo%助动诃，Mi衣动诃汁主语整示某人也职如此，

54、Nenhcr助动时，情善动诃)4主诒.表不J£人也不.c£o+主滞+ X(助动询情&动诃"衣示果衣切此【谡8专练】1.英语构词法汇2.英语语法汇总及练习3. 复合句见iS法书第I讲：名词】名词受敬的特殊变化.普通名诃的坟敖我们知道是A接tu-s或-CS.a. class, box, watch, brash 等诃以 s. x. ch. sh.结尾.复散建U1ysib. Mory. factory等以”刎音字诂此的诃1数要先将.y变成.i界加ec. knife, wife, life等以f或fe结IB的词，般先将"或而变为.v,再加。：d. 以2结

55、甩的名词.一般*说.末跃是-元音字母+S的诃加§我们学过的仃nidi。.zoo-末足 足"钠带字呼+o,的".变M裁加YS.如：(Oinato. hero, pcxato.，与然其中的piano和phoio.又是，个 例外，他们的结用只能加-S.b. child (children) , foot (feet) . t(xxh (teeth) . mouse (mkc) . man (men ) , woman ； women ) 等词的夏数变化金不遵循埋邪么.注意：与man和woman构成的合成诃其复散形式也是-men和-women.如an Englishman

56、, two Englishmen,但German不是合成诃，枚夏敌形式为Germans：f.decr. Kheepif词单岌数同形.people polkc. cattle等词，以触或形式出现，但实为笑数，所以 它们的训宙'*1然也足殳数形式.这诚畋体名词.the English. lheFreiKh. the Chin*等名诃表示 国民总称时.也作殳数用.注&: muihs.politics,physics等学科名诃.虽竣以-s结尾,仍为不可数名诃。还有theUnited S<a«cs(美 H). the United Naiions (联合Bl)等应视为单数

57、.别奇怪.名词有时也可以作定语的.它作定语时如用机数.但也有以下例外.a. man, woman答作定语时.它的单殳敌以其所修饰的名诃的单.只数而定.州：men wxxkcrs. women teachers <b. 数词名词作定iff时.这个名词一般保存单敛形式，中间如连字符.如：aten-milewalk十里路, (wo-hundred trees 两百棵柳.名词所有格：I:的内容担到迁【第2讲；代诃】代词中第个“小个性”就是物主代词.像my和mme这两个小冤家以是让人分不清讴是谁.但你 只要记住它们最重要的区别一my的后面 定要接名迅不订以机独出现.只能做定语.筋my father

58、： 而mine那么是名诃性.只能单独出现.在句中做主语和表语.», Mine is green. It's mine.记住这 两个句子，但凡名诃性物主代词(jwrs.hcrs. his. itmuin*. theirs)就都可以陂在mine的位咒上了。代词的第二个“杪嗦”就是它有一个小bUW-sclftsclvcs)一反身代诃.也就是取示“自己、亲自.的 &!&.关于反身代词.需耍注觉的是她不能中独做liiS.但可以放在人称代诃后面.ftkHKtift.如：Marry herself said so. i'i 33 !i4 Cl 己这么说的.Of+名诃性物E代词i of +物*代诃构成双重所有格.公式为I a (an.this.that ) +名词+of+名士性 物主代同< 因为为主代诃不可与 a,an.(his.thai.these, those.some.any.no.cach.evcrj'.such.another 等 词一起修饰一个名词.而必?fi用双重所有格.如：a friend of mine (4fc的一个朋友)some, any的用法:上面的内容以提到过every和exh的用法：ev«r