第一学期英语基础语翻译教案

1、课程英语基础语翻译班级09应用英语学期第一学期课时4累计课时56教师雷荣海上课日期课程类型专业英语翻译理论与实践课程名称（章、节）基础翻译教学目的要 求翻译能力培养教学重点长句翻译教学难点长句拆译主要教具设备材料自备讲义课后记教学内容（板书）备注第一章 翻译实践中的短语处理第一节 名词词组一、汉语主谓结构名词词组 (1)A Sasakwawa Foundation donation of $1.6 million to Massey University in the New Zealand city of Palmerston North was hardly enough to make

2、a small hole in the Sasakwawa Foundation pretty cash reserves.(2) (Why does the Moon appear larger when it is rising or setting?) Scientists have come up with various explanations ,including the muscle stain for the person looking up and the comparison of the Moon with other things on the horizon th

3、at makes it appear larger ,but thus far there is no widely accepted explanation of the phenomenon.(3)President Bill Clinton came to White House with his campaign pledge to spend an additional $20000million annually on Americas infrastructure to develop the world best communication, transportation, e

4、nvironmental system.教 案教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节 词组为“形容词+名词”偏正结构1. 因果关系Some people may suspect him of a degree of underbred pride.2. 间接修饰关系。A famous mad doctor will come to our university to give a lecture on mental diseases.One should always have a cheerful positive outlook on life.（1）The solar-powerd,sixwh

5、eeled,22-pound vehicle will see where it going with 2 tiny TV cameras.The respect in which he was hold was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness and his gay spirits.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二章 偏正词组第一节 形容词短语（一）含补足意义的形容词短语该类形容词短语构成句子部分信息，补足其所修饰的名词词组意义，可灵活译为多种汉语形式。1. 形容词词组充当非限制性定语。（1） Thus t

6、he new nation secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources.说明：该形容词短语结构简单，译为前置宾语。（2） Cerro Prieto, twenty miles south of the United States borders, is a large geothermal energy filed, likely to produce 1000 megawatts of electricity annually by the early

7、 1990s.（3） Scientists estimate that about 35000 other objects, too small to detect with radar but detectable with powerful Earth-based telescopes, are also circling the Earth at an altitude of 200to 700 miles.说明（2）-(3):形容词短语冗长，转译为独立分句。教 案教学内容（板书）备注(4)We were interrupted when our cousin, Mary, a six-

8、grader, red haired, tall and skinny as spaghetti, appeared in the doorway.(5).With three thousand million stars in it, the galaxy has a size unthinkable in usual terms.说明（4）（5）：形容词短语转译为谓语结构。2. 形容词短语充当表语，补足主语意义，常以为汉语动词结构。（1） The young of most bird species are totally dependent on parental care after

9、hatching.（2） Barbara seemed completely hazy about things on witch she had been quite certain at the original trial five years earlier.第二节 含状语功能的形容词短语（1.）Able to go almost anywhere, even over the Allegheny barrier, the railroad defied weather.(2).Often modestly-colored, and seemingly two-dimensional

10、as they cling to whatever they find, inches grow in background as though designed to be ignored.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(3)Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918.第三章 介词短语第一节 .with词组（1）Today

11、, education and related research continue to be M.I.T.s control purpose, with relevance to the practical world as guiding principle.说明：With词组可汉译为并列分句。（2）.A special attraction is the Doll Gallery, with pieces from the collections of former Senator Barry Goldwater.(3)Naturally, with such distances, th

12、e climate in the Continental U.S. also covers great extremes.(4)Many Third World nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(5)Throughout the U.S. tens of thousands of people with hearts that should be good enough to keep the

13、m alive die or lack of adequate first aid.(6).(Knowledge is power, but still more the ability of acquiring and using knowledge is power)If you come out of college with a trained mind ad nothing use for in it, you will still be ahead. And still, in a manner , educated.说明：“with”词组汉译为动宾结构。(7)He was a t

14、all, lanky young man with slightly drooped shoulders and an unruly mop of coarse dark hair that sweep across his forehead.(8)With the action of sunlight on cells containing chlorophyll and other materials, chemical reactions occur in trees, and oxygen is released.(9)Hall allowed that he was a good t

15、enor. With that, they sent a bellboy around the lobby to find a bass.说明：“with”词组作为固定结构，意为“于是”，“说着就”。教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节as词组“as+NP。”意为身份、用途、目的等语义，翻译时不必囿于“作为”形式。(1) Scottsdales long time mayor, Herb Drinkwater, came to the Sun Valley as a teenager during the 1940s ,so asthmatic that his lips and fingerna

16、ils turned blue with effort of walking across a room.(2) Ankara sees its planned oil pipe liner as a key to Turkeyemergence as the regions leading political and economic power.(3) I had to admit she knew he business as a designer.(4) Solar power is receiving wide attention as a possible source of cl

17、ean, inexpensive and abundant energy.(5) (5)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence today.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第三节between翻译时根据上下文判断“between”之后各语言单元的并列关系，避免歧义的产生。(1) Historical linguistics is mainly concerned with the historical relations between and within language

18、s.(2) In considering how those affected by folklore view it , malinowski refers to the Trobriand Islanders who differentiate between what he defines as fairy tales, legends and myths.说明：“between”一般用于二者之间，该句中“between”之后有三个并列成分，用以强调每二者间的区别，再如“Can you tell the difference between gases, liquids and soli

19、ds?(3) The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and sensory date on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(4) The small farm would never have supported a hired hand. Hagg and his wife ran it between them.说明：“do something between ”指两人共

20、同做。(5) One has to choose between being popular and being true to ones innermost ideals.(6) She milked the cows, fed the pigs and chickens, and collected the eggs. Between these chores, she bustled into the kitchen to prepare the meal.说明：“between”指“前后几件事的间隔之中”。第四节四） among词组1.“among”原意为“在中间”，用于三者或三者以上

21、。（1）My home town stands among the hill.(2) Intensive-care units of hospitals, communications and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change.(3)Young Charles was a precious readers, and as a child browsed among the previous century.教 案教学内容（板书）备注2.”among+形容词最高级”,

22、用作标语或补足语时，表示“之一”。(1).Though the firm employed some of Americas finest artists , artistic excellent still could not be counted among the firm s real goals.(2).Among the most versatile of the common metals ,lead was widely valued and used in ancient times.说明“among”词组补足主语“lead”的意义。3. Clara Mass was the

23、 only woman to participate in the experiment in search of the cause of yellow fever and among the few volunteers to die from it. among other things 可译为“除之外，还.”；“尤其”。（1） Among other things the fall of Constantinople planted the seeds of the current warfare between Christians and Muslins in Bosnia(2)

24、Among other things , Malson wants the High Lamas help in turning over to the authorities the American, Henry Barnard, who is an embezzler traveling incognito.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第四章 介词短语2与非限制性动词第一节含“of”词组 依据of介词词组与其前面的名词词组的各种不同意义的关系，灵活翻译。1. 逻辑动宾关系“the+动作名词+of词组结构中，后名词词组是其前面动作的逻辑宾语。（1） This group of exhibit

25、ion halls and shopping centers had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the skill Full reuse of there fine old buildings. 2. 逻辑主谓关系 （1） This juxtaposition of the tranquil and the violent was an almost compulsi

26、ve preoccupation of Picassos in the 20s and 30s.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节 非限制性动词（一） 形容词性非限定动词短语（1） The digital computer is an electronic machine which contains thousands of tiny circuits characterized by the fact that they have only two states :complete and broken.（2） The universe consists of billions of gal

27、axies flying apart as if from an explosion that set in motion（3） A novel car will be seen at the race to be held at Le Mans ,France ,in 1995.（4） Heavy TV watchers appeared to be somewhat desensitized or “turned off ”to violence ,suggesting the possibility of an emotional blunting in the presence of

28、witness violence.教 案教学内容（板书）备注（二） 副词性非限定动词短语（1） The sea trial lasted a total of 8 days, giving the chief engineer a opportunity to test fuel consumption of freight at all types of weather conditions.（2） “Sir” Duncan said ,speaking before the President could open the meeting and eyeing him for his re

29、action “I suggest we let the engineering report wait until weve done our other business”.（3） These computers are advertised as having memories of 16K of 512K. depending on their storage capacity. （4） Primary memory is closely associated with the CPU because it stores programs and data temporarily ,m

30、aking them immediately available for processing by the CPU.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第五章 主要句型结构第一节 定语从句定语从句不仅局限于限定先行项，其语法、语义功能丰富多样，汉语翻译时挖掘句子深层结构中逻辑意义关系，灵活变更原定语从句成分及表达形式。（1）In half the area of the country ,containing 25 percent of its population ,get help residents must call a 7-digit emergency number that varies

31、 from area ,which can result in life robbing delay of several minutes.(2) Historically ,the standard variety of English is based on the London dialect of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court Winchester to London.(3)(The artificial arm approaches an id

32、eal in the science of prosthetics because it responds to directions from the brain). Ten contact heads in the device worn around the waist of the amputee receive thought waves ,which are amplified 100 times to provide the power necessary for motion.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节 状语从句（一） when 引导转语从句(1).A collectiv

33、e gasp of amazement rose from the passengers when the light of Phoenix ,Arizona and its 20 surrounding cities came into view ,stretching as far as the eye could see. (2)It is difficult to really experience or “feel” the size of the U.S when you know the actual number of miles from coast to coast.(3)

34、 Sometimes when I thought my key lost ,it would appear again ,from under the chair or beyond a pile of books. (4) (Everything seemed to be going well.) The pilot was in constant radio communication with Ground Control when the engines cut out all contract was lost.(5) Some salesmen find business tra

35、vel more appealing when they can bring their wives with them.(6)I remember the encouragement my own teacher used to give me when I give a student credit for a job especially well done.教 案教学内容（板书）备注（二） before引导状语从句before 原意为“在之前”，根据汉语表达习惯，常译为“先然后”“才”（1） Cars have to pass a beacon before they receive

36、more detailed information.（2） A mathematician must feed the computer before it can solve the problem.（3） It took trial and error ,and many dead coals, before she discovered a way to preserve a bit of the fire from one camp to the next.（三）while 引导状语从句1.while 引导时间状语从句。(1) One day while out hunting ,To

37、m breaks his arm catching Sophia Westerns runaway horse. He stays with the Westerns while recovering.(2) While mans population has been growing ,his culture has been evolving. 2.While the bedside tabletop clock radio produces extraordinary sound for such a small device, it is still no match for a fu

38、ll-fledged audio system.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第三节 否定句（一） 双重否定句表示肯定意义1. 反说正译(1) There is hardly an environment on earth to which some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.(2) The violence of the Niagara Falls attracted many adventurers . Scarcely a month passed that one wasnt whiskered over

39、 the brink.2. 直译：再现原文双重否定习惯是，突出感情色彩。(1) I never see those old toys but I think of my happy childhood.(2) There is scarcely a visual image that cant be found in the files of the Archive.(二)英文以否定形式加强语气，汉译文需要再现其强调口吻。1. “no”的语气比 “not” 强.(1)He is no doctor. 他根本不是医生(2)Thats no small improvement over the o

40、ld radar system. 比起旧的雷达系统，这绝非是一个小小的改进。教 案 教学内容（板书）备注2.not half(1)The quality of the television set was not so good as it was advertised.说明：not half = not nearly,用于加强否定语气，意为：“根本不”“远非”，相当于“notat all”,不可按字面直译为“没有的一半”，或“几乎没有”。再如：She is not nearly so pretty as you imagine;她远非你想象的那样漂亮。（2） The girl longs t

41、o be a model ,but she is not half tall enough.说明： “not half” 与 “enough” 或 “soas”连用，意为“远远不”，“一点也不”。(3) Always breaking ,my boy is not half naughty.(4) She didnt half swear at me.3. nothing (1) I know nothing of money when I was 4.(2) The view from this window is nothing short of spectacular(3) He is

42、nothing if not generous.(4) Over the ensuing moths her yearning after a Christmas gift contained nothing of hope.教 案教学内容（板书）备注4. cant too/enough(1) Teachers cannot be too strict with their students. (2) It cannot to be too strongly emphasized that education plays a crucial role in the economic development.(3) As a student ,you can not be diligent enough .5. 否定感叹句，突出肯定意义。(1).Arent you lucky!(2).If this isnt monstrously mean!(1).Orca societies are in no way similar to human societies, but they are societies nevertheless.(3) That is not in any sense disparaging the point of view being