初中英语语法_代词(新)

1、初中英语语法之 代词篇代词篇代词的分类代词的分类人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词 第一第一人人称单称单数数第二第二人人称单称单数数第三人称单数第三人称单数第一第一人称人称复数复数第二第二人称人称复数复数第三人第三人称复数称复数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性主主格格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾宾格格me(我)You (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词：人称代词代替人和

2、事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格时用宾格 They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他他们都很喜欢他。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。 2. 2. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。She She 的用法：的用

3、法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？- -

4、有风。有风。 Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5分钟。分钟。2. it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人的人. who is the person over there? It is the headteacher.3.3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳平稳 Its hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。 Its g

5、ood for you taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。1. - Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy_.

6、A. it B. one C. that 固定句型固定句型1. 做某事情对某人来说是做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work.2. 轮到某人做轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room.3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4. 据说 Its said that Its s

7、aid that your teacher leave our school.5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段时段 + since + 从句从句(过过去时去时)7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think feel+ it + adj. to do 1.I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father

8、a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 二二. .物主代词物主代词人人称称分分类类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性 名名词词性性 my my ourouryour your your your his his her her its its their their mine mine

9、ourours s youryours s youryours s his his herhers s its its theirtheirs s 2.2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：词的关系： 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。系是单数还是复数。These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours)This is not our room. Ours is over

10、 there. (our room = ours)2.“2.“of + +名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所表示所属属 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. h

11、er , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its 人称人称分类分类第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称单单 数数 复数复数myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfthemse

12、lvesherself itself 1. 1. 反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 为自己为自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己 enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself1.

13、The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your不定代词不定代词 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代

14、词词 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代等构成的合成代词词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.1.some/any some（一些（一些, ,某）一般用于肯定句中某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些（一些, ,任何）多用于疑问句和否定任何）多用

15、于疑问句和否定句句 Do you have any picture-books?注意：注意：somesome有时也可用于表示请求、征求有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中意见的疑问句中 Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？你想要些肉吗？ May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？我可以吃苹果吗？ Will you give me some water? 你能给我些水吗？你能给我些水吗？2. 2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词修饰或

16、指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.4. the other/others/the others4. the other/others/the others the other the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个

17、、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物或物 There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls,

18、the others are boys.5.5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义表示否定意义, , 译为译为“没没有几个有几个”，“没有多少没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义, , 译译为为“有几个有几个”，“有一点有一点” 1.Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C

19、. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few 6.every/each6.every/each every单数名词单数名词, ,表示表示“每一个每一个”, ,强调共强调共性、整体性、整体, ,只作定语只作定语, ,形式上为单数形式上为单数. .不与不与of 连用连用 Every child likes playing ga

20、mes. each 表示表示“每一个每一个”, ,强调个性强调个性, ,作定语主作定语主语、宾语和同位语语、宾语和同位语, ,常与常与of 连用连用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.each everyeach everyeach (each (常与常与ofof连用连用) )everyevery两两者或以上的每一个人或物者或以上的每一个人或物三三者或以上每一个人或物者或以上每一个人或物 every other every other 每隔每隔EgEg: every other day : ev

21、ery other day 每隔一天每隔一天 = = every two days every two days I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.every other 7.7.all/none all

22、“(“(全部全部) )都都”, ,表示三者或三者以上，作表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时同位语时, ,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后, ,行行为动词之前为动词之前 We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有没有”, ,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不, ,后常跟介词后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of us is/are afraid of dogs.none no onenone no onenonenoneno oneno one没有什么人没有什

23、么人 / / 物物“没有人没有人” ” 只能指人只能指人回答回答 how manyhow many 问句问句回答回答whowho问句问句none of + none of + 复数名词复数名词 / them / them 谓语用单数谓语用单数 How many people are there in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from

24、8.8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都（两者）都”, ,作主语时看作复数；作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(“(两者两者) )都不都不”, ,含有否定意义，含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; ; 作定语时后跟作定语时后跟名词单数名词单数 Neither answer is right. either “两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”, ,作主语作主语时谓语用

25、第三人称单数时谓语用第三人称单数; ; 作定语时后跟名作定语时后跟名词单数词单数 There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。 Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 Neither of them stoppe

26、d to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。either of 两者之一+ 复数名词 / them / us谓单neither of 两者两者都不都不谓单both of 两者两者都都谓复 _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this

27、hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; areeither neither botheither neither bothbothandbothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor( (谓语动谓语动词遵循就近原则词遵循就近原则) ) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和和 Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at

28、home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。either neither botheither neither both Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A. studies B. study C.

29、studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者就近原则neither nor 两者两者都不都不both and 两者两者都都复数谓语 The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. no 9.9.Something/anything/noth

30、ing Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything else in the box? Nobody can answer the question. .1. Do you have _ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Let

31、s turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody3. Would you like _? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. everything elseone itone it The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag

32、 is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /one 同类同类不同件不同件it 同类同类同件同件指示代词指示代词 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括包括: :this/that (单数单数) these/those (复数复数) 1. this,these指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my shirt, thats yours. These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.2.

33、2.that,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西, ,以以免重复免重复 * *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3. 3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that * *He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.四四. .指示代词指示代词 The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as

34、good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that疑问代词疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语通常做主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 What makes you think like that ? 做做主语主语 Who (Whom) were you talking with? 做做宾

35、语宾语 Which bus do I need? 做定语做定语 Whats your father? 做表语做表语 注意：注意：在口语中，在口语中，Who和和Whom通用，通用， 但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用Whom With whom did he play games? With who did he play games?(错错)( (20082008年广东省汕头市年广东省汕头市) )一一Is that Is that _dog?dog? No No ._._is whiteis whiteA Ahishis；His His B Bherher；Itis Itis CChehe；Hi

36、s His D Dherher；HerHer中考考什么中考考什么?D ( (重庆市重庆市20082008年年) ) We like Mr. Green because We like Mr. Green because he often tells _ funny stories in class.he often tells _ funny stories in class. A. weA. we B. us B. us C. our C. our D. oursD. ours (重庆市2008年) When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon

37、 or tomorrow morning? _ is OK. Im free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither( (20082008年天津市年天津市) ) Is Is_here?here?No, John and Bob have asked for No, John and Bob have asked for leave.leave. A. nobodyA. nobody B. anybodyB. anybody C. somebodyC. somebody D. everybodyD. everybodyTry it out(

38、 )1 Is this your football, boys? No, it is not _ A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours( )2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree. A. her B. its C. its D. hers( )3 The maths problem _ is wrong. A. himself B. he C. itself D. herself( )4 _ want to see the film. A Every student B Each student C All of students D

39、 All the students( )5 A lot of people have tried, but _ have succeeded. A. the few B. a few C. few D. little( ) 6 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital. A. Both B. Neither C. Any D. Either( )7 I have five pencils, one is red, _ is blue and _ are green. A. another, the other B. the other, others C. others, the others D. another, the others( ) 8 I have found _ on the Internet. A. a few informations B. a little informations C. a few information D. a little information( ) 9 I have Chemistry classes _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A. each other B. eve