英语翻译之增词法

1、1将动词译成名词将动词译成名词lAs the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils.lFormality has always characterized their relationship.lTo them, he personified the absolute power.2将形容词将形容词译成名词译成名词lStevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft.lThey were considered insincere.3

2、Keys:l随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身。l他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。l在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。l史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。l他们被人认为是伪君子。4Addition in E-C Translation5Addition_ whylto conform to the grammar in Chineselto reproduce clearly and naturallylto deepen the cross-cultural communication6I. Verb AdditionlAs we have mentioned

3、, English language features nominalization while Chinese language lays much emphasis on verbs. Hence, in the process of E-C translation , much attention should be paid to verb addition.7lE.g. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the draf

4、ting of the final communique.l晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后的公告.8lE.g.2 There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.l没有发表讲话, 没有各国外交官到场, 也没有 “普通中国人”挥舞纸旗,花束的场面.9lEx:1.But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for wor

5、ld peace is immeasurably increased.l2. We should acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.10l3.In the final analysis, they have done all these for just one objective, that is, the great rejuvenation of the

6、Chinese nation and Chinas new and greater contribution to humanity.11lKey to Ex.l1. 但是, 如果我们能够找到进行合作的共同点, 那么实现世界和平的机会就将无可估量地大大增加.l2.我们强烈感受到你们执行的改革和对外开放政策给中国带来的多样化,活力和进步.l3.归根到底就是为了一个目标:实现中华民族的伟大复兴, 争取对人类作出新的更大的贡献.12II Adjective AdditionlWith what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

7、l中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！lTom, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this!l汤姆生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊！13III. Adverb AdditionlE.g. He was fascinated by the political processesthe wheeling and dealing of presidential policies, the manipulating, releasing and leaking of news, the public and pri

8、vate talks.l一幕幕政治花招使他看入迷了:总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角, 尔虞我诈;对新闻消息的幕后操纵,公开发表和有意透漏,以及公开的和秘密的谈话.14lE.x. 1.The crowds melted away.l2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.l3. Now and then his boots shone.15Keys to Exl1.人群渐渐散开了。l2.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。l3.他的靴子时常闪闪发亮。16IV.Noun AdditionlIn English, there are

9、many circumstances under which noun should be added in the process of translation.la. Add the implied nouns lb. Add nouns before adjectives.lc. Add nouns after abstract nouns.ld. Add nouns after specific nouns.17a:lE.g. 1. Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.l他每天来干活扫地，擦地板，

10、收拾房间。l2. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.l玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。.18b:l1.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.l这部打印机真是价廉物美。l2. He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.l他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。19C,dAdd nouns after abstract nouns or

11、specific nouns. Some abstract nouns deriving from verb or adjectives usually denote much more abstract meanings. In order to express clearly, some nouns should be added.20clFor examples:lTo persuade, persuasion说服工作lTo prepare, preparation准备工作lBackward, backwardness落后状态lTense, tension紧张局势lArrogant, a

12、rrogance自满情绪lMad madness疯狂行为 21lE.g. 1. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.l1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。lE.x. 1. Measures must be taken to improve the backwardness in the west district.l2. The killing of the hostages has deepened the publics antago

13、nism.22dlAdd nouns after specific nouns.lE.g. 1. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.l他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。l2. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.l他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。23V. Adding words denoting plural forms.l英语名词复数和汉语复数的差异:l英语名词的复数通常是通过在名词后加复数词缀而

14、来的。l汉语名词复数的构成形式：l名词前加上重叠式的量词（条条道路，一丛丛白桦树，种种体制）l使用单数形式，但强调的是复数（每一家公司，各家公司）1.直接强调全体（所有公司）24增加重叠词表示复数增加重叠词表示复数l1. Flowers bloom all over the yard.l朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。l2. Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.l记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。25lEx.There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.26一排排的房子都是他从来没有见过的。27增加数词或其他词表示复

15、数增加数词或其他词表示复数lThe lion is the king of animals.l狮子是百兽之王。lThe mountains began to throw their long blueShadows over the valley.群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影。28VI.增加表达时态的词增加表达时态的词l1. I had known two great social systems.l那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。l2.The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.l原来是老头儿已经教会了孩子捕

16、鱼，所以孩子很爱他。l3. I was，and remain， grateful for the part he played in my release.l我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。29增加量词增加量词lA red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.l一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。lInto the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon.l一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。30Assignment：lThey talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night.l“This is grasping at st