第三讲 英语被动语态

1、英语语法专题系列讲座第三讲英语被动语态英语被动语态English Passive VoiceI. I. Why do we use passive voiceWhy do we use passive voice (为何要用被动语态为何要用被动语态)? 1. The speaker doesnt know who the doer is (说话人不知道动作的施行者是谁)： Hes almost been murdered. I felt as if I was being watched.2. The speaker focuses on the receiver of an action,

2、not on the doer of it (说话人关注的是动作的承受者而不是施行者): : Such items should be packed. That man must be done away with one of these days.3. The speaker lays the emphasis on the receiver while the doer is expressed by a by-phrase (说话人把重点放在动作的接受者上，而用 by-phrase 来导出动作的施行者)： I was shocked by her attitude. He was cr

3、iticized by his teacher for his wrong doings. 4. For some reasons, the speaker doesnt want to tell who the doer is (说话人不想说出谁是动作的施行者)： That poor girl is given some money every week. Susan is thought to be jealous (妒忌) of Mary.II. Passive voice is only used in three basic sentence patterns (被动语态只用于三种英

4、语基本句型被动语态只用于三种英语基本句型): 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 (S + V + O) 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补 (S + V + O + Oc) 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾 (S + V + Oi + Od) To exemplify them one by one: 1. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 (S + V + O) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. 2. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补 (S + V

5、+ O + Oc) They elected him chairman of the club. He was elected chairman of the club. The teacher asked the students to write a composition. The students were asked to write a composition. Tom painted the door blue. The door was painted blue by Tom. The manager made his secretary work overtime. The

6、secretary was made to work overtime. 3. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾 (S + V + Oi + Od) Marys father will give herher an expressive present next week. MaryMary will be given an expressive present next week. An expressive present will be given to Mary Mary next week.Lead in一、被动语态的构成一、被动语态的构成Rockets （火箭）（

7、火箭）_ (use) to send up satellites （卫星（卫星）are used火箭发射图The rocket _ (send up) into spaceis being sent up污染图The air and the water _ (pollute)are beingPolluted 砍伐图Trees _ (cut) downSoil _ (wash) away (被冲走被冲走)are being cut will be washed 拳击图A boxer _ (beat) downhas been beaten双子楼图The twin towers _ (attac

8、k) in 2001were attacked生病图The boy may _ (infect) with AIDS (艾滋病艾滋病)have been infected表格：被动态基本结构时时 态态1.1.一般现在时一般现在时2.2.一般过去时一般过去时3.3.现在进行时现在进行时4.4.过去进行时过去进行时5.5.一般将来时一般将来时6.6.过去将来时过去将来时7.7.现在完成时现在完成时8.8.过去完成时过去完成时被动语态结构的被动语态结构的 构成构成am/is/are + past participle (过去分词过去分词)was/were + past p. (过去分词过去分词)am

9、/is/are + being + past p. (过去分词过去分词)was/were + being + past p. (过去分词过去分词)shall/will + be + past p. (过去分词过去分词)would + be + past p. (过去分词过去分词)have/has + been + past p. (过去分词过去分词)had + been + past p. (过去分词过去分词)请同学们课后用以上8种时态的被动语态造句(每种时态造每种时态造2 2个句子个句子， 写在单页纸上写在单页纸上，老师收阅后不返老师收阅后不返，记平时成绩记平时成绩。下次上课时由学委收交老师

10、下次上课时由学委收交老师)。Practice in ClassPractice in Class课 堂 练 习Oral practice-主动句改被动句 Change each of the following Change each of the following sentences into passive voice: sentences into passive voice: A car knocked him down yesterday. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3) When I got there,

11、 they were cutting up a fallen tree He was knocked down by a car The medical team is made up of A fallen tree was being cut up4) Well put on the play next Sunday5) Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6) They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put

12、 on next Sunday A new teaching building is being built The railway had been completed by the end of last year 7) We should protect the earth8) You need to paint the wall9) Tom gave me a gift on my birthday The earth should be protected The wall needs to be paintedI was given a gift on my birthdayA g

13、ift was given to me on my birthday.10) We always keep the room clean11) We often hear him play guitar12) They saw a boy flying a kite The room is always kept clean He is often heard to play guitar A boy was seen flying a kiteCorrecting mistake2. 2. Correct the mistake(s) in each of Correct the mista

14、ke(s) in each of the following sentences if any: the following sentences if any: Two boys hurt while playing a ball2) The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3) How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4) A fire was broken out last night5) He ha

15、d to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6) The large building that is now built will be a hospitalhad been damagedis now being builtbroke out7) Class is begun at 7:30 every day8) His plan is sounded good9) Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed/washing

16、 主动式表被动义主动式表被动义Please find out the best answer:Please find out the best answer: The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washedBC二、主动形式表被动意义二、主动形式表被动意义，且和句子的且和句子的主语或宾语主语或宾语构成逻辑上的构成逻辑上的动宾动宾关系关系时时，用主动语态

17、形式表被动意义用主动语态形式表被动意义。 difficult, easy, hard, good, pleasant, comfortable, light, heavy, safe, fit, The fish is not fit _ (eat)We find English hard _ (learn)The article is difficult _ (understand).to eatto learnto understandI have a lot of homework _ (do)Ill give him some books _ (read)to doto read表示状

18、态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主主动式表被动义动式表被动义。 A Few Points to ExplainA Few Points to Explain (几点说明几点说明): 1.1.表示表示状态特征状态特征的的连系动词连系动词 + adj./n.,用用主动主动 形式表被动意义形式表被动意义。这类动词中常用的如下：。这类动词中常用的如下： look, sound, feel, smell, appear, prove, make, taste, . The steel feels cold 2.2.表示表示“开始开始、结束、停止、运动结束、停止、运动”等意等意

19、的动词的动词 通常通常用主动语态表被动意义。常用词如下用主动语态表被动意义。常用词如下： begin, open, start, stop, end, run, shut, finish, move, . The shop opens at 6 am. every day表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被用主动式表被动义动义 3. 3.表示表示主语主语属性特征属性特征的动词的动词+副词副词 well/badly/ easily/smoothly 等等,用主动语态式表被动意用主动语态式表被动意 思。能用在

20、这种结构中的常用动词如下：思。能用在这种结构中的常用动词如下： read, write, set, sell, wash, clean, eat, wear, open, cook, lock, drink, dry, shut, . The pen writes smoothly 4. 4.作作“需要需要”讲的讲的 need/want/require 后接后接动名动名 词作宾语时，用词作宾语时，用主动形式主动形式表被动意义表被动意义；当然当然 也可接也可接不定式的被动式不定式的被动式作宾语作宾语。 Your jacket needs washing/to be washed His room

21、 wants cleaning. 5. 5.在在某些某些形容词形容词后作状语，且和句子的后作状语，且和句子的 主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主 动语态形式表被动语态意思。这类常后接动动语态形式表被动语态意思。这类常后接动 词不定式做状语的形容词如下：词不定式做状语的形容词如下： difficult, easy, hard, fit, heavy, safe, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, dangerous, . The fish is not fit to eat The bomb ( (炸弹炸弹) ) i

22、s dangerous to move. This music is pleasant to enjoy. No language is easy to learn. 6. 6.作作，与被修饰的名词构成逻与被修饰的名词构成逻 辑上的辑上的动宾动宾关系关系, , 用主动语态形式表被动意用主动语态形式表被动意 义；但若用在义；但若用在there be结构中结构中，主动和被动主动和被动 语态形式均可（口语中常用主动式）。语态形式均可（口语中常用主动式）。 There are many things to do/to be done next week I have a lot of homework

23、 to do this evening. There are lots of questions to discuss /to be discussed at tomorrows seminar. Do you have anything to do tonight? 7 7.be to blame 表示表示“应受批评应受批评、责备责备”之意时之意时， 用主动形式表被动意义。用主动形式表被动意义。 The boy is to blame for what he has done. 8.8.少数不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用作少数不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用作 被动语态形式被动语态形式，或

24、换言之没有被动语态形式或换言之没有被动语态形式。 rise, happen, succeed, remain, . take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to, .加加to/for 在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加 to: bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, pay, promise, take, teach, etc.在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加 for:buy, build,

25、cook, cut, choose, find, fetch, do, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, sing, etc.如将含双宾语的主动句变被动语态句，如将含双宾语的主动句变被动语态句，一般变一般变间间接宾语接宾语( (指人指人) )为主语的较多；如把直接宾语为主语的较多；如把直接宾语( (指物指物) )改为主语，则要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。改为主语，则要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。 A new shirt was bought _ meThe magazine was passed on _ him.Those books were sold

26、 _ Tom at 5 dollars eachAnother piece of music was played _ the patientsThe cup with mixture was showed _ the class A good dinner has been ordered _ the guests.fortotofortofor带双宾语的主动句改被动 注意：注意：在在 see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等感观动词后作宾语补语的不定式等感观动词后作宾语补语的不定式都不带都不带 to； 但改成被动语态后则但改成被动语态后则必须带必须带 to。 请同学

27、将下列句子改为被动语态句：请同学将下列句子改为被动语态句： I saw him steal into the room that night. We often hear them quarrel with each other in class. Do you notice Jack make fast progress in his Chinese study recently? An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill

28、 holdMultiple ChoiceMultiple Choice B2. Im sorry, sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt been repairedA3Every possible means _, but none _ successful A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is provedC4. The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer Cto be answered D. answeringB5In warm weather, fruit