高中英语课文

1、 必修一Unit 1ANNES BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are youafraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wantedthe first kind, so she made her best friend.你是不是想有一位无

2、话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide orthey would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before theywere discover

3、ed. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont want to set downa series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall callmy friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.安妮在第二次世界大战期

4、间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从 1942年 7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。Thursday 15thJune 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy

5、 abouteverything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of thebirds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里

6、，这一切都变了。For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in orderto have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the windo

7、w was open. I didnt go downstairsuntil the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely intheir power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五

8、个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. itsno pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.令人伤心的是我只能透过

9、脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Your,AnneFriday, 10 July 1942When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behindus and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting for us. All the rooms were fullo

10、f boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearingup at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. Theywere tired and lay down on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of t

11、he family, started at once.The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. Wedid sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy andMargot were too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were

12、too busy. FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “alohaspirit”.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.That is “to be with happiness”.Hawaiians believe that once somebo

13、dy loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community.This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “onenesswith all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Todaymany diff

14、erent people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community frommany smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell stronger. Its believedthat the islands can be a paradise when the people live in peace. People are told tha

15、t their actions should beas gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them withunderstanding. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those wholive on the islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed

16、 a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shownby giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend isgiven a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the islands are also given lies. When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feelat home. Aloha also

17、 means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “ourhearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Unit 2THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of the 16 century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly

18、 all of them livedthin England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world andbecause of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as theirfirst, second or a foreign language than ever before.16世纪末期

19、大约有 5百万到 7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在 17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Lookat this kind of example:以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：British Bet

20、ty: Would you like to see my flat?英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？”American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartment.美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet andcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspoken

21、inEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentthe English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually betweenabout AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and laterFrench. These new settle

22、rs enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600sShakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers movedto American. Later in the 18 century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spokent

23、hin both countries.那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元 450年到 1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元 800年到 1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到 17 世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在 1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了 19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚

24、，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。 Finallybythe19 centurythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:thfirst Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后，到

25、20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄韦伯斯特编纂了美国英语词典，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very largenumber of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. during that time English beca

26、methe language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries inAfrica such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact,China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English d

27、evelop its own identity? Only timewill tell.现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于 1765年到 1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Bri

28、tain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believeit or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radiois standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected tospeak excellent

29、 English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。When people use words and expressions different from the “standard l

30、anguage”, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American Englishhas so many dialects because people have come

31、from all over the world.当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USAspeak with an older kind of English dialect. W

32、hen Americans moved from one place to another, they took theirdialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialectsas people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Althoughmany Americans

33、move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been us

34、ed for many, many centuries. The spelling of Englishhas always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spellword in different ways which you might find it interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult.So dictionaries were invented

35、 to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like thekind you use today wasnt made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty. There men did most of the importantearly work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of theirl

36、ives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, it wasnt only a job; it was a wonderful journeyof discovery. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The ideafor this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-tw

37、o years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taughthimself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murra

38、y had aplace built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. In winter itfelt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray gotout of bed at five oclock and worked several hours before breakfast. Ofte

39、n he would work by the candle lightinto the evening. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was stilladding words for the letter A! then others went to work with Murray, including his two daughters. He worked onthe dictionary until he was very old. Forty-fou

40、r years later, in1928, other editors finished it. It includedmore than 15,000 pages in twelve books. And you thought your dictionary was big!Unit 3JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a g

41、reatbike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year,she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in westernYunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that i

42、s called the Mekong River in othercountries. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. After graduating from college.we finally got thechance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?" It was my sister who first had the ideato cycle along the entire Mekong River

43、from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedulefor the trip.我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家（境内）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿？”首先想到要沿

44、湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn'tknow the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now, I know that theproper way is always her way. I kept asking

45、 her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming back?" I asked herwhether she had looked at a map yet. Of course, she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about details. So I told herthat the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined lookthe kind that said s

46、he wouldnot change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, sheseemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, shesaid it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once

47、 she has made up her mind, nothing canchange it. Finally, I had to give in.我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发？什么时候回来？”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从 5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎

48、显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good mapsthat showed details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacieron a

49、 Tibetan mountain. At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes theriver becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to lea

50、rn that half of the river isinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. Atlast, the river delta enters the South China Sea.在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去

51、了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。PART2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINSAlthough it was autumn,the snow wa

52、s already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold thatthey felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?Thats what we looked like! Along theway children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so coldthat our water

53、 bottles froze.However,the lakes shonelike glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wangweirode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her. To climb the mountainswas hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemed to be a

54、ble to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colourful butterflies flew aroundus and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. A

55、t this point we had to change our caps, coats,gloves andtrousers for T-shirts and shorts.虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成 T恤衫和短裤。In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat. After supper Wang Weiput her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake