高中英语短语词汇

1、高中英语短语词汇（英语通用）benefit vt.& vi. 对有益；受益  n. C & U 益处；津贴；义演、善举【地道表达】benefit from / by 从中获益unemployment benefits 失业救济金illness benefit患病津贴a benefit concert for the Childrens Hospital为筹建儿童医院举行的义演音乐会I benefit greatly from / by my fathers advice. 我从父亲的忠告中获益很多。This medicine will benefit you.这种药对

2、你有好处。I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language. 从学习外语中，我受益匪浅。She had the benefit of a first-class education. 她得益于良好的教育。2. take advantage of 对加以利用（其后接人时，表示不公正地对待某人，尤指利用某人的处境、弱点等以达到自己的目的，也可译为“欺骗；占的便宜”）【地道表达】He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk. 他趁着天气好, 出去散散步。He has alwa

3、ys been taking advantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。【近义链接】use sth to do sth （利）用某物做某事；make use of 利用 （尤其是利用已经存在的情形来为自己获取优势）make the most of 充分利用play on 利用（某人的恐惧/贪心/同情心/偏见等为自己获取优势）3. relative adj. 比较而言的，比较的；相对的；与有关的(其后多接to)【地道表达】Relative to its size, the city is sparsely populated. 相对于它的面积,这座城市人口极为稀少。He asked m

4、e some questions relative to the subject. 他问了我一些有关这个题目的问题。She is living in relative poverty. 她过着较为贫困的生活【触类旁通】relatively adv. 相比较而言地。例如：Relatively speaking, he is getting well. 相对而言，他在慢慢地好起来。It is relatively cold today. 今天比较冷。relative n. 亲戚，亲属  例如：My aunt is my only immediate relative. 我姑母是我唯一的至

5、亲。relativity n. 相关性；相对性；【物】相对论 4. pure adj. 纯的，纯净的；纯洁的；纯粹的；纯正的；完全的，十足的【地道表达】pure cold / silver纯金 / 银pure science / math 纯科学 / 数学pure drinking water纯净的饮用水a pure young girl一位纯洁的姑娘100% pure百分之百地纯by pure chance / luck / coincidence完全是碰巧 / 纯属运气/巧合pure and simple完全是The sweater is made of pure wool / silk

6、/ cotton.这件运动衫是纯毛/丝/棉制的。5. float vi.& vt.（使）漂浮【触类旁通】floating adj. 不固定的a floating population 流动人口floating exchange rates 浮动汇率floating voter 游离选民6. absorb vt. 吸收；理解、掌握【地道表达】Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸光。The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜容易被皮肤吸收。be absorbed in sth 全神贯注于。例如：I was abs

7、orbed in a book and didnt hear you call. 我（当时）正专心地读一本书，没有听见你叫我。 be absorbed into sth被并入；（被）融入。We were soon absorbed into local village life. 我们很快就融入到当地的乡村生活中了absorbing 非常吸引人的；引人入胜的an absorbing book一本很吸引人的书 7. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的；稳重的【地道表达】The ladder doesnt seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。The patients con

8、dition is stable. 患者病情稳定。a stable character稳重的性格【触类旁通】stably adv. 稳定地;稳固地;平稳地stability n. 稳定性stabilize v. 使稳定stable n. 马厩；养马厂；(属于同一主人或驯马师的)一群赛马stable vt. 把拴入马厩词汇串串连 (2)fiction U 小说 C 虚构的事【触类旁通】fiction 小说 (不可数) novel 中长篇小说（可数）short story 短篇小说 2. league C 里格（旧时长度单位）；联盟；联合会，社团【触类旁通】League of Nations 国际

9、联盟Baseball League 棒球联合会the Arab League 阿拉伯联盟3. apply vt. 应用；运用；vi. 申请；请求【地道表达】apply for a job / post / passport 申请工作 / 职位 / 护照apply to a university 向大学提出入学申请The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶条例适用于每个人。【触类旁通】application n. 申请application form 申请表applied art 实用美术applicable adj.适用的；合适的appl

10、icant n. 申请人4. make a living 谋生【触类旁通】earn / gain / get / make ones living 谋生make a living by doing sth. 靠为生make a living on sth. 以为生5. collision n.（车、船的）碰撞；（利益，意见的）冲突【地道表达】collision at sea 海上碰撞a collision between two trains 两列火车相撞come into collision with 和相撞 / 冲突 / 抵触 in collision with 和相撞/冲突6. over

11、board adv.自船上落下，在船外【地道表达】throw sb. / sth. overboard丢在船外/丢在水中；抛弃；扔掉fall overboard 从船上落入、跳入水中；A man overboard! 有人落水！go overboard for / about沉迷于；狂热地追求7. permanent adj. 永久的，不变的，耐久的；常设的，常任的【触类旁通】temporary 反义 everlasting 同义【地道表达】permanent / temporary staff 正式（临时）职员permanent address 固定地址permanent tooth 恒齿p

12、ermanent assets 固定资产a permanent job 固定工作a permanent office 常驻办事处8. aboard adv. 在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）; prep.在（船、飞机、车）上【地道表达】take these goods aboard带这些货物上车go aboard the ship上船the people aboard the plane 乘坐飞机的人All aboard! 请大家上车（或船等）！Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！9. marble U 大理石；大理石制品 C 玻璃球【地道表达】of marble大理石的made

13、 of marble大理石做/制的marble-hearted 无情的as cold as marble 冷如冰a marble statue 大理石雕像 lose ones marbles 失去理智10. labor U 劳动；劳力；努力；vi. 努力；苦干【地道表达】eight-hour labor 八小时工作hard labor 辛苦劳动manual labor 体力劳动labor cost  劳动成本labor camp 劳改cheap labor 廉价劳动力International Labor Day 国际劳动节Labor Party 工党labor for a bett

14、er future为更加美好的未来而努力labor to do 努力去做labor the point 细说；罗嗦地说labor under sth. 为所蒙蔽11. hesitate vi.  踌躇；迟疑；犹豫【地道表达】hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做hesitate about / over / at (doing )sth. 对犹豫He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断，必受其患。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么东西，请尽管对我说。She

15、is still hesitating about sending her son to college. 她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter. 她拿不定主意应该挑这两件短衫中的哪一件给她女儿。12. curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；（舞台上的）幕【地道表达】curtain call 谢幕behind the curtain 在幕后 / 秘密drop the curtain 闭幕/演出终止(itll) be curtains for sb. /

16、sth. 完蛋bring down the curtain on sth. 结束；标志的终结The curtain falls. 闭幕。The curtain rises. 幕启词汇串串连 (3)solar adj. 太阳的；日光的 (lunar 月亮的) 【触类旁通】a solar spot 太阳黑子solar battery 太阳能电池solar energy 太阳能solar eclipse 日食lunar eclipse 月食the solar calendar 阳历the lunar calendar 阴历the solar year 阳历年the lunar year 阴历年2ma

17、nkind U 人类（总称，不可数）【触类旁通】man 人类（总称，不可数）a human being(human beings) 人类(可数)  people 人们(集合名词)3daily adj. 每日的 adv. 每天 C 日报【触类旁通】weeklyadj. 每周的 adv. 每周 C 周报、周刊 monthly adj. 每月的 adv. 每月 C 月刊4. achieve vt. 实现；完成【地道表达】achieve goals 实现目标achieve ones purpose 达到目的achieve success 获得成功achieve victory 取得胜利ach

18、ieve modernization 实现现代化academic achievements学业成绩；学术成就5. technological adj. 技术（学）的；工艺（学）的【触类旁通】technology n. 科学技术，工业技术technical adj. 技术的，技术上的technically adv. 专门地；技术上地technician C 专家；技术人员technique U 技巧，技艺technologist C 科学技术人员6. master C 硕士；（男）主人；能手Master of Arts / Sciences 文学（理学）硕士obey ones master听主人

19、的话 【触类旁通】masterful adj. 专横的，控制别人的masterfully adv. 专横地masterly adj. 熟练的；名家的mastermind C 有大才智的人masterhand n. 能手；高超的技艺masterpiece C 名作；杰出的事mastership U 控制，支配7. rely vi. 依赖；依靠；指望【触类旁通】reliable  adj.可靠的reliably adv. 可靠地reliability U 可靠性【地道表达】rely on / upon sth. / sb. 信赖某人或某事You may not rely on

20、the weather report.天气预报不足为信。You can rely on him.你可以信任他。rely on sb. doing / to do 指望或依赖某人做某事I rely on her to pay back the money(= I rely on her paying back the money).我相信她会还钱。rely on it that .  放心You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。8. element C 元素；要素；组成部分【地道表达】the perio

21、dic table of the elements 元素周期表chief elements of success 成功的主要要素out of ones element 如鱼离水，不得其所in ones element 在如意的环境中，如鱼得水 【触类旁通】elementary adj. 基础的，初级的 elementary school 小学(= primary school)9. economic  adj. 经济上的；有利可图的【触类旁通】economy n.  经济economics n.  经济学economist adj.  经济学家 econ

22、omical adj.  省钱的，经济的，节约的 【地道表达】The government began to introduce its economic policy.政府开始推行它的经济政策。He left school for economic reason. 他因经济问题而辍学。She is economical with her use of salt when cooking.做饭时她用盐很节省10. base C基础，底座，基地，根据地vt. 把建立在，以为基础adj.卑鄙的，恶劣的【触类旁通】basis n. （理论，信念的）依据或基础bases  

23、; base与basis的复数 basic adj.  基本的 basics  n.  基本原理baseless adj. 毫无根据的basically adv. 基本上（说来），从根本上    词以“群”分 (1)“用法”各异used to;  be used to; get used to1. Computers _ do many things for people now.2. She _ work in a small factory before she came here. 3. The boss i

24、s glad that the new workers _ hard work now.4. He asked if I _ driving on the left while I was traveling in England. 5. They _ play golf, didnt they？Key: 1. are used to    2. used to    3. are / get used to 4. was / got used to     5. used to解析:used

25、to意为“过去常常”,后接动词原形；常用来表示今昔对比，暗含不那样做了（如2和5）。be used to接动词原形， 表示“被用来做某事”（如1）;而be / get used to后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“习惯于;适应”（如3和4）。“能力”有别ability; capacity; potential 1. The health center serves all patients, regardless of their _ to pay. 2. One of their children has the _ to be a brilliant scientist.3. Th

26、e children were born without the _ to walk. 4. Children have a remarkable _ to learn language.5. The company has the _ to build 1,500 trucks a year.6. My son has acting _, but he needs a lot of training. 7. The hall has a seating _ of 2, 000 persons.Key: 1. ability     2. potenti

27、al     3. ability 4. capacity / ability    5. capacity    6. potential 7. capacity解析:ability既指天赋的“能力”(如3)，也指培养造就而获得的“本领；才能”或已经表现出来的实际“能力”(如1和4)。capacity 用于物时，指“（容纳接受的）能力”（如7）;生产能力（如5），有时可翻译为“容量;容积”；用于人时，一般不指体力，多指才智、道德等方面，尤其指接受能力等（如4）。potential表示“潜在的能

28、力;可能性”（如2和6）。词以“群”分 (2)refuse; reject 1. Judge Gifford _ the defenses request.2. All apples with soft spots _, even in the Christmas Rush.3. The horse _ the apple.4. Gibson _ the idea as “absurd”.5. How can he _ to obey the order as a soldier? 6. Tom _ by the army because of his bad eyesight.7. Unde

29、r the law, doctors cannot _ patients access to their own medical records. 8. My brother asked her to marry him, but she _. Key:  1. rejected / refused   2. were rejected  3. refused / rejected   4. rejected   5. refuse6. was rejected  7. refuse  

30、;    8. refuse解析：两者都作“拒绝”讲，指不去做别人要求你做的事或不接受别人提供的某物（如1和3）。但refuse更常接表示“邀请、许可”等意义的词；且既可作不及物动词(如8)，也可作及物动词，并可接双宾语（如7）或接to do sth.（如5）；而reject常作及物动词，并且态度上更坚定、更具权威性、更正式（如1）； 更常接表示“建议、提议、报价、理论”等意义的词（如4）；还可表示“（在就业、入学等方面）拒绝、不选中（某人）”（如6）或“因无用或不好而丢弃（产品）”（如2）。allow; allow for 1. We do not _

31、 eating in the classroom.2. It will take you half an hour to get to the station, _ traffic delays. 3. Passengers _ one item of hand luggage each.4. _ this train being late, we should be back by 10:30.5. Sometimes a loophole （漏洞） in the law _ someone to escape being punished.6. Our new system will _

32、more efficient use of resources.7. Even if they are in prison, they _ out on Sundays, or holidays such as Christmas, Easter.Key: 1. allow         2. allowing for  3. are allowed   4. Allowing for 5. allows  6. allow for 

33、 7. are allowed解析：allow意为“允许；准许；准进入”，常后接名词或动词-ing形式(如1)，也可接双宾语（如3）或带不定式或副词短语的复合宾语(如5和7)；allow for意为“考虑到；顾及；为留出余地”，介词for后接名词（如2和6）或带动词-ing形式的复合宾语（如4）。词以“群”分 (3)“销售”的策略on sale; for sale 1. The latest model of this video recorder is now _ in that shop.  2. How much is that picture? Its only on dis

34、play. Its not _. 3. This kind of car wont go _ until next year. 4. The Browns are leaving the town, so their house is _. 5. Thirty dollars? Is it _? Yes. It is usually forty-five dollars.Key: 1. on sale 2. for sale 3. on sale 4. for sale 5. on sale 解析：on sale意为“（尤其指在商店里有货）出售、上市”，指货物的上市情况（如1和3）；在美国英语

35、中，表示“减价出售”（如5）。for sale意为“待售；要出售(尤其指私人物主或代理人出售物品)”（如2和4）。怎样“轮流”by turns; in turn 1. She went hot and cold _. 2. The President spoke to each of us at the table _.3. Working outside can mean too much sun exposure, which _ can lead to skin cancer.4. She had been _ confused, angry, and finally jealous.K

36、ey: 1. by turns  2. in turn  3. in turn  4. by turns解析：by turns意为“交替地；轮流地”，强调某一个时期内反复发生或从一种品质、情感等转向另一种（如1和4）。in turn意为“轮流地；依次；逐个地；一个接一个地；接连地”，强调按一定顺序进行（如2）；也可作“转而；反过来”解，强调某种结果（如3）。何以为“生”live by; live on 1. The old man _ collecting waste paper and selling it abroad. 2. Our family _ the

37、 earnings of my elder brother. 3. He used to _ cheating others. 4. Some of them _ the South Sea. 5. In the south, people _ rice in the past. Key: 1. lives by 2. live on 3. live by 4. live by 5. lived on解析：live by表示“靠过活；靠做为生”, 后多接动词-ing形式。by表示方式（如1和3）；也可表示“住在旁边”（如4）。live on表示“靠生活；以为食”，一般后接食物、劳动所得到的东西

38、、工资等名词（如2和5）。词以“群”分 (4)与时俱进看“速度”rate; pace; speed 1. You are thinking much too fast for me; I cant keep _ with you. 2. The train was going at a _ of 80 kph.3. Australias unemployment _ rose to 6.5% in February.4. Here in Bermuda, the _ of life is very slow. 5. The room _ at this motel range from $30

39、 to $50 per day.6. The company produces the first-_ sportscar.Key: 1. pace 2. speed / rate 3. rate 4. pace 5. rates 6. rate解析：speed 多指持续运动时的速度（多是用时间除距离求得），尤指车辆、机械等的运动速度（如2）。rate 除可表示速度外（如2），还可表示成本、价格（如5）；或“的比率”（如3）；有时表示等级类别（如6）。pace 多指“人或马匹的步速，（跑步的）速度;（事情发生的）节奏”（如4）；也可用于比喻中（如1）。各有“看”点look into; look

40、 on; look atThe police are _ the disappearance of two children at the moment.2. Only one man tried to help us, and the rest just _ in silence.3. This subject _ the man-made living environment and its influence. 4. Hicks finished a beer and _ his glass.5. The research _ how immune cells get into the

41、brain from blood.6. The manager promised _ my complaint.Key: 1. looking into 2. looked on 3. looks at 4. looked into 5. looks at 6. to look into解析：look into 意为“调查；观察”，其目的是弄清真相，以便解决问题或能加以改善（如1和6）；也表示“朝的里面看”（如4）。look on 意为“（袖手）旁观”，不参与也不阻止（如2）。look at可意为“观察；关注”，其目的是找出规律，主语可是某学科、研究等（如3和5）。讲“道”理avenue; s

42、treet; road; way; pathavenue指令人愉快，美观气派的通往大住宅的大道，一般两旁绿树成荫。例如：That is Madison Avenue.那就是麦迪逊大道。street指位于城镇或都市内，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道。例如:Dont play in the street.别在马路上玩耍。road意为“路；道路”，指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道，常指“公路；马路”等，两侧一般没有建筑物。例如：The car is running along the road 汽车沿着这条路行驶。way意为“路线；道路”，指street，road或任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中

43、问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如：How can I get there? I dont know the way 我怎样能到达那里？我不认识路。I asked the way to the station我打听去车站的路。path通常指“小路；小径”，只供人行走的路，可以是人们踩踏而成的路，如山中、林间的羊肠小道；也可以指公园、田间的小路，还可以指物体运动经过的轨迹等。例如：They walked along the path across the field 他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。学以致用:1. A wide road lined with trees is usually

44、 called a(n) _.2. Be careful when you cross the _.3. There was a narrow _ through the forest.4. All _ lead to Rome.5. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it isB. What a long way is itC. How long way is it  D. What a long way it isKey: 1. avenue  2. street / road  3. path

45、60; 4. roads 5. D自如的“伸展”stretch; extend; expand; spreadstretch表示“伸（手）;撑”，由曲而直或由短而长地伸展。例如:I stretched out my hand towards the book. 我把手伸向这本书。extend原意为直线地“伸展”，引申为“扩展（势力，范围）”等。例如:The railway will be extended next year. 明年将要延长这条铁路。expand表示“扩大；扩张”，指面积或体积的扩张。例如:Metals expand when heated. 金属遇热膨胀。spread表示“铺

46、开；展开；伸展；延伸”等。例如:she spread the clothes to dry. 她把衣服展开晾干。学以致用:1. The road _ for miles and miles.2. Our land _ as far as the river.3. He _ out his hand in a friendly manner.4. The city has _ to three times its original size.5. He _ a blanket on the bed.Key: 1. extends   2. extends  3. s

47、tretched  4. expanded  5. spread怎样才“合适”？fit; fit in 1. The boy is growing so fast that his clothes dont _ him. 2. Can you _ another person in the back seat?3. I couldnt find a key which _ the lock and couldnt open the door. 4. I need to _ a lock on the bathroom door.5. I wasnt sure if she

48、would _ with my friends.6. We must try and _ a visit to Westminster Abbey while were in London. Key: 1. fit  2. fit in  3. fitted  4. fit  5. fit in  6. fit in解析：      fit 常指“（衣服/鞋帽等）合身/脚”（如1）或“（物体）合槽；吻合”（如3）；也可表示“安装”（如4，可根据实际情况接on, with等构成介词短语）。

49、0;     fit in表示“尽量地安排时间见某人或做某事”（如6）；也可表示“（设法）插人；挤进”（如2）；还可接with sb.表示“与某人和睦相处”（如5）。词以“群”分 (5)分” 而论之separate; divide 1. The lighthouse _ from the land by a wide channel.2. The money will _ equally among the club members.3. _ this line into 20 equal parts.4. After this they go thei

50、r _ ways.5. Sarah and John _ a year after they got married.6. Whats six _ by three? Two, of course. 7. She find it difficult to _ the truth from lies.Key: 1. is separated 2. be divided 3. Divide       4. separate 5. separated 6. divided   &

51、#160;  7. separate解析：    separate多指把原来连在一起的或靠近的事物“分隔；隔开”（如1）；也表示“把区分开”（如7）；还可指“分手；分散；分离”（如5）。另外，separate还可用作形容词，表示“分离的；分开的；单独的；各自的”（如4）。    divide指把整体“划分”成若干份，常接into (如3)；也可表示“分配；分享”，可接among, between, with等（如2）;还表示“（数学）除”，常接by (如6)。自己的”选择for oneself; by oneself; of

52、 oneself 1. You should think _ instead of just obeying others. 2. The box is too heavy for me to lift _.3. The door opened _. You neednt push or pull it. 4. One should not live only _. 5. All her relatives have died off. Now she lives _ in the countryside. 6. He could not believe his ears. He opened

53、 the window to see _. Key: 1. for yourself 2. by myself 3. of itself      4. for oneself 5. by herself 6. for himself解析：    for oneself 意为“独立地”，常与think连用表示“独立思考，自行决定”（如1）；也可表示“亲自地”（如6）；还可表示“为自己（本人好处）”（如4）。    by oneself意为“单独地；独自地”

54、，强调无他人陪伴（如5）或无帮助（如2)。    of oneself 意为“自动地”（如3）。  词以“群”分(6)掌握”or“领会”？master; grasp 1. I never quite _ the art of walking in high heels.2. I _ his arm firmly and led him away.3. He had learned to _ his fear of heights.4. A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly

55、 _ what the article is about.5. She is ready to _ any opportunity to expand the business.Key: 1. mastered 2. grasped 3. master 4. grasp 5. grasp解析：    grasp可表示“抓牢；抓紧”（如2）；也可表示“理解；领会；明白（尤其有些复杂的事情的实质）”（如4）；还可表示“抓住（机会、机遇等）”（如5）。 master用作动词，意为“精通；掌握”，多指在学习后没有困难地运用某技术、技巧、语言等（如1）；也可表示“

56、克制、控制住（情感、情绪）”（如3）。“可能的”选择likely; possible 1. It is _ that the girl knew her killer.2. The price of petrol is _ to rise again this year.3. Computer technology makes it _ for many people to work at home.4. I need the money as soon as _.Key: 1. likely / possible 2. likely 3. possible 4. possible解析：

57、60;   两者都作前置定语或常用于“It is likely / possible that .”结构中（如1，只是 likely的可能性更大些）。    likely更常用sb. / sth. be likely to do (如2)；    possible更常用“it is possible for sb. to do sth. 结构”（如3，为变形式，it作形式宾语）或as . as后（如4）。词以“群”分(7) “自”“私”的真面目private; personal 1. _ hospitals can afford to pay much higher salaries than state-run hospitals.2. Dont tell anyone