脊柱研究生ppt课件

1、大家好！ 脊 柱Vertebral column根底医学院人体解剖教研室根底医学院人体解剖教研室 The vertebral column脊柱脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx. 一、一、Vertebrae 椎骨椎骨There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows:Cervical vertebrae 颈椎颈椎 C.7Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎胸椎 T.12Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎腰椎 L.5Sacral vertebrae 骶

2、椎骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨骶骨Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨尾骨General features of vertebraevVertebral body 椎体椎体vVertebral arch 椎弓椎弓vpedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch v 椎上、下切迹椎上、下切迹 vlamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板椎弓板vprocess (7): vspinous process 棘突棘突vtransverse process 横突横突

3、vsup. and inf. articular processesv 上、下关节突上、下关节突vVertebral foramen 椎孔椎孔 vVertebral canal 椎管椎管vIntervertebral foramen 椎间孔椎间孔Regional variations of vertebraeCervical vertebraeVertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangularSpinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and lo

4、nger in C7Transverse processes: short and bifid, transverse foramen横突孔横突孔Articular processes: horizontal Atypical vertebeaevAtlas寰椎寰椎 (C1) vBody and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral massesvGroove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟椎动脉沟vAxis枢椎枢椎 (C2): distingui

5、shed by dens齿齿突突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlasvCarotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6vVertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical

6、and thoracic spinous processesThoracic vertebrae vVertebrae Body ：v heart-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹vVertebral foramen：v smaller, rounder vSpinous processes：v long, point obliquely downward vTransverse processes： v transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹 vArticular processes: coronal Lumba

7、r vertebrae vVertebrae Body：v larger, kidney-shape vVertebral foramen:v larger and triangular vSpinous processes: projects horizontally vTransverse processes:v long vArticular processes: sagittal Sacrum vAnterior surface: v promontory岬, anterior sacral foramina 骶前孔(four pairs) vPosterior surface: v

8、median sacral crest 骶正中嵴, posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus骶管裂孔，sacral cornu 骶角vLateral part: v auricular surface耳状面, sacral tuberosity骶粗隆二、二、Articulations of Vertebrae 椎骨的连结椎骨的连结Joints of the vertebral bodiesJoints of the vertebral arches1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连椎体间

9、的连结结Intervertebral discs 椎间盘椎间盘 between bodies of adjacent vertebrae, composed of:Nucleus pulpous髓核髓核, an inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic structure (gelatinous core )Annulus fibrosus纤维纤维环环 an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilageAnterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带前纵韧带vStrong band coverin

10、g the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs running from the anterior margin of foramen magnum to the S1S2 vMaintains stability of the intervertebral disc and prevents hyperextension of the vertebral columnvPosterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带vAttached to the posterior aspect

11、 of the intervertebral discs and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies from C2 vertebra to sacrumvPrevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column and posterior protrusion of the discsHernia of nucleus pulpous 髓核脱出髓核脱出 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结椎弓间的连结vLigamenta flava 黄韧带黄韧带 elastic ligam

12、ent, unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal; tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral columnvInterspinal ligament 棘间韧带棘间韧带vSupraspinal ligament 棘上韧棘上韧带带vLigamentum nuchae项韧带项韧带 vIntertansverse ligament横突横突间韧带间韧带 vZygapophysial joint 关节突关关节突关节节三、三

13、、Atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节寰枕关节vBetween superior articulating surfaces of atlas and occipital condylesvSupported by membrances and ligaments that join occipital bone and atlasvAction nodding of head, lateral tilting of head四、四、Atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节寰枢关节vThree synovial joints between atlas and axis

14、vLaterally, paired joints between articulating facesvMedian joint between dens of axis and anterior arch of atlasSupported by ligaments apical ligament of dens 齿突尖韧带齿突尖韧带alar ligament 翼状韧带翼状韧带transverse ligament of atlas寰椎横韧带寰椎横韧带 tectorial membrane 覆膜覆膜Action allow atlas (and head) to pivot on the axis and vertebral column五、五、Normal Curves of vertebral columnvCervical curvature颈曲颈曲 convex forwardvThoracic