考博英语真题

1、2002patr II vocabulary31.An enormous number of people in the worlds poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation_A. capacities B. facilities 常用复便利, 设备, 器材, 工具, 装置; 机构C. authorities 当局, 负责人; 官方 D. warranties (正当)理由, (合理)根据, 授权, 担保, 保证, 根据32.Family-planing clinics give out _advices

2、 to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.A.insensitive 对.没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的 B.interrogative 表示疑问的, 质问的C.contraceptive adj.避孕的n.避孕品, 避孕用具D.communicative adj.无隐讳交谈的, 爱说话的, 畅谈的33.Caffeine is the _drug that will just about 几乎, 正是 get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.A.miracl

3、e 奇迹, 奇事 B.myth n.神话, 神话式的人物(或事物), 虚构的故事, 荒诞的说法 C.trick n.诡计,窍门, 诀窍vt.欺骗, 哄骗 D.legend 传说, 伟人传, 图例34.Today investigators are still far from 远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不_ a master map原图of the vasculature of the heart.A.constituting制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命 B.decoding译码, 解码C.drafting起草, 为.打样, 设计D.encoding35.I ha

4、ve never seen a more caring, 人的，人道的,有同情心的_ group of piople in my life.A.emotional 情绪的, 情感的 B.impersonal非个人的 客观的 C.compulsory必修的,义务的 D.compassionate 富于同情心的+36.By the time I reached my residency, I _ treated the patient as a whole human being.A.yearned for渴望，可怜 B.broke into破门而入, 侵占 C.pass for被称为, 被看作

5、D.made for.倾向于, 导致；向前进,有助于37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents _only one-half from animal resources.A.originated B.digested C.deprived D.derived38.Obesity carries an increased risk of _.A.mortality B. mobility C.longevity n.长命, 寿命，供职期限，资历longevi

6、ty of service使用寿命长 D.maternity n.母性, 母道adj.孕妇的, 产妇的, 产科的a maternity nurse助产士; 产科护士/maternity bag接生包/maternity benefit产期津贴39.The best exercise should require continuous _ , rather than frequent stops and starts.A.compassion n.同情,怜悯 B.accelerationn.加速度 C.frustration D.exertionn.尽力, 努力, 发挥, 行使, 运用be no

7、 exertion to不费力/use exertions尽力/make exertions尽力/put forth exertions尽力40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to _ acid rain.A.curb n.路边vt.控抑制; 约束curb one's anger抑制愤怒 B.sue vt.控告, 向.请求, 请愿vi.提出诉讼, 提出请求sue for为.提出诉讼, 诉请., 请求; 乞求/sue out请求法院而得到 (赦免, 赔偿等)/sue sb. for控告某人违犯.; 向法院起诉要

8、求某人赔偿 C.detoxifyvt.使解毒 D.condemn condemn sb.'s behaviour谴责某人的举动condemn sb. to death判某人死刑41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland . offset vt.弥补, 抵销, 用平版印刷vi.偏移, 形成分支offset the loss弥补损失A.take in v.接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗 B.m

9、ake upv.弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆补足,拼凑C.cut down v.砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节D.bring about v.使发生, 致使42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage. come up with v.赶上, 提出;提出,拿出A.explain B.oppose C.represent D.propose Man proposes,

10、God disposes.谋事在人, 成事在天。43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas. rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.有理数A.applicable adj.可适用的, 可应用的an applicable rule切实可行的规则applicable to all cases适合于一切场合B.favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的, 讨人喜欢的, 起促进作用的

11、 C.sensitive D.reasonable adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.A.observe B.appraise C.appreciate D.induce 45.Through live television电视实况转播, the world is now able to witness historical events历史事件 as they happen.A.reserve n.储备(物), 储藏量, 预

12、备队vt.储备, 保存, 保留, 预定, 预约 B.confirm确认 C.perceive D.transmit传输，传导46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the countrys economic problems.A.indefinite adj.模糊的, 不确定的, 语不定的 B.indispensable n.不可缺少之物adj.不可缺少的, 绝对必要的 C.infinite n.无限的东西(如空间、时间), 数无穷大adj.无穷的, 无限的, 无数的, 极大的 D.i

13、nsignificant adj.无关紧要的, 可忽略的, 无意义的47.I dont know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.A.omitted B.fabricated vt.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构 C.pinpointed n.精确adj.极微小的v.查明pinpoint hole针孔pinpoint bombing精确轰炸 D.embraced vt.拥抱, 互相拥抱, 包含, 收买, 信奉vi.拥抱n.拥抱embrace sb. in one's arms拥抱某人, 抱某人e

14、mbrace Buddhism信仰佛教48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior. norm n.标准, 规范A.formulations B.standards C.principlesn.法则, 原则, 原理 D.notions 49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them. retrieve v.重新得到n.找回A.regain v.收回,

15、 恢复, 重到, 重新夺得 B.relieving vt.减轻, 解除, 援救, 救济, 换班 C.reversing adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的vt.颠倒, 倒转 D.rectifyingvt.矫正, 调整, 50.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. plot标绘A.mark B.allocate vt.分派, 分配 C.erase vt.抹去, 擦掉, 消磁, <俚>杀死 D.pose Allow me to pose a

16、 question.请允许我提一个问题。part III close (10%) You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 activity may change: you find yourself52 awake and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with

17、people 53 except with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you -they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,无知识的; 不学无术的concerned with insignificant things, 54 even stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 frustrated when you cant g

18、o into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life 56 back home.Above all, you are homesick almost a

19、ll the time. 始终 If you ever find yourself behaving in ways 57similar to these, you are brobably suffering culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological 58 reflection that sometimes has physical effects.It affects piople who have moved away from an invironment where they know how to live 59 into a

20、new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food, the weather, the language, and especially the 60 unwritten rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of .51.A. way B.pattern C. method D.track52.A.sleepy B.happy C.awake D.sad53.A.for B.lest C.besides D.except54.A.even

21、B.merely C.indeed D.rather55.A.offended B.uninterested C.frustrated D.isolated56.A.here B.there C.back D.away57.A.the same as B.different from C. similar to D.familiar with 58.A.situation B.condition C.reflection D.position59.A.in B.at C.within D.into60.A.unwritten B.written C.spoken D.secretepassag

22、e oneScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly , probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to c

23、orrectly identify a combustion reaction.However,where would we be today, whithout science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to writer this essay on the computer ,if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the

24、 year snd still be around today? Or dogs be the masters of humans? Would we be still the dominant species on the Earth?So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99.99% fat free, that video game comp

25、any to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly , and that car company to alter the headlights of the car and call it the “new” 98 car.where would we be whithout science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and doctors to make us the way we want to be.We d

26、epend on them to make us “prettier”,to perform triple bypass, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how muc

27、h our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way , keeps our society from falling apart. In our society science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need science progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think

28、 of science , they think of it as a laboratory ,white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals untill something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61.The authors probable answer to the question where we would be today, without science is_A.it hard to imag

29、ineB.we would nowhere to findC.lets see what happensD.not every question has an answer in the world62.From the cookie to the car,the author is trying to tell us that science_A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raise so many present problemsD.is shaping our world63.T

30、he author impies that science_A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone64.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science_A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeThe strug

31、gle between opposites is ubiquitous.对立面的斗争无所不在。C.does not exist in a laboratoryD.is not appreciated in the publix65.The author is most probably_A.a student B.a socialist C.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of sciencepassage 2 Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent diseasebecause its vi

32、ctims didnt know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether. For post-menopausal woman, the most common

33、medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately ,it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the of breast cancer. To passby such side effects, researchers have deve

34、loped several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug ,alendronate reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. E

35、ach of these alternatives has trade-offs ,however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them. The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies cont

36、inue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone stength by as much as 20 percent. Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is Vitamin D , which

37、 aides calcium absorbtion. Vitamin D comes from sunlingt, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who dont get outside.The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help

38、 make “the silent disease”truly silent.66.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis_A.used to effective in post-manopausal womanB.is most frequently priscribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-manopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects.67.The best treatment for osteopo

39、rosis , according to the passage._A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patient C.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality68.To preventing osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted_A.as early as childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulat

40、e stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.69.By making “the silent disease” truly silent, the author means that the actions suggested_A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above.70.The author of this passage focuses

41、 on the_of osteoporosisA.alternative treatmentsB.early diagnosisC.treatments and preventionD.resulting damagespassage 3If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for a shelter than walk, reaserchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that yo

42、u would get just as wet as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wetest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved

43、. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 meters per secondwhich they described as a walking pace-were tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis ,meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that 总怀疑this was wrong.They

44、 realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters second.Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than

45、a runner over a distance of 100 metres in drizzle细雨. In heavy rain ,this would rise to 23 per cent.When the reseachers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36per cent

46、 wetter than a runner in heavy rain.Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. “If verification requires an 80million satellite, one may have to forgo放弃 verification,” says Peterson . “But if it involves a simple experiment, thats another matter.” Peterson and Wa

47、llis are roughly the same size, Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 metres in heavy rain and the other walked.They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker had absorbed 0.22kgs of water,while the runner had soaked up only 0.13 kgs. This is about 40 per c

48、ent less ,in line with符合 the models predictions.Belcher says that his teams work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is ,their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. “Im delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitati

49、ve定性的 agreement with the model,” says Belcher.But why not just take an umbrells? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: “Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics”71.The reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results

50、in investigating_A.how far people can run per second in a downpourB.the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC.whether people can run fast in a downpourD.the average walking pace in a downpour72.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating_ A.the avera

51、ge walking pace B.the amount of rainfallC.the time and distanceD.the running speed73.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A.Running in drizzleB.walking in drizzleC.Running in heavy rainD.walking in heavy rain74.They verified their model predictions by exp

52、erimenting_A.on themselvesB.with satelliteC.on the twins of the same sizeD.with sophisticated calculating devices75.The simila results ,according to Belcher ,refer to_A.the amount of rain water absorbedB.the average running speedC.the average walking paceD.all of the abovepassage 4 Englisher speaker

53、s pick up pitch in the right hemisphere of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well.It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indians School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week. Earlier studies have shown t

54、hat when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language-which in English are often carried by the rise and fall of the voice-are perceived on the right. But in “tonal” languages like Thai, Mandarin an

55、d Swedish, Pitch not only carries emotional information,but can also alter the meaning of a word .Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain-in particular Brocas area ,which processes the linguistic content of language. To te

56、st this , the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography.The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone ,In some cases, the words ha

57、d on intelligible meaning. None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation.But sure enough the Thai speakers could consistently lit up the left side of the brain, especially Brocas area, while the English speakers did not. The researchers are now planing to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences, complete with emotional information. “B