高中三年级英语下册第一课时课件

1、1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念if if引导的虚拟条件

2、句引导的虚拟条件句虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第用于第1人称人称) +动动词原形词原形(do)表示过去情况表示过去情况过去完成式过去完成式(had +done上面上面4个情态动词个情态动词+have done表示将来情况表示将来情况过去式

3、过去式 (did)should + do were to do4个情态动词个情态动词 + doIf + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had

4、done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相

5、反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.If you had

6、 come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中If he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to

7、 the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If

8、 my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented虚拟语气虚拟语气二、省略二、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I

9、 to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 2. If he

10、 had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money, me some money, I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house and most likely I would be house and most likely I would

11、 be still living in the dangerous still living in the dangerous house now.house now.假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）在。）虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insi

12、st), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3. I wish (that) yo

13、u would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气4、记住：记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即时，用虚拟形式，即 sh

14、ould + do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by

15、 any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 3) He insisted that he was right.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气5. 在在would (had) rather(宁愿宁愿) 引导的宾语引导的宾语从句中从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要谓语动词要用一般过去时用一般过去时;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时,谓语动词谓语动词要用过去完成时。要用过去完成时。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.虚拟语气

16、在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 例句1. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2. Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。3. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要

17、的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestio

18、n that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).一、as if 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he

19、hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在 as if 从句中从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in t

20、ime!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do Its time that you left here.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例3. Its (about/high) time +that - 过去时should +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了

21、。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done wi

22、thout you? (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是暗含条件是but for your help)虚拟语气虚拟语气1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had

23、missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. s

24、ell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America a

25、s if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气虚拟语气9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D.