福建省龙岩市武平县十方中学九年级英语 初中语法梳理和提高学案（无答案） 新人教版

1、福建省龙岩市武平县十方中学九年级英语 初中语法梳理和提高新人教版知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 名词的分类 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ic

2、e, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间-a room一个房间二、 名词的数

3、：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, b

4、amboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同形 eg. Chine

5、se-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3

6、. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of br

7、ead, several bags of rice, 三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 + eg. teachers books (3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Greens and Mrs B

8、rowns son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示时间、

9、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes

10、 a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forg

11、ot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter

12、 C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here

13、 ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Thr

14、ee coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, mill

15、ions选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's C. my mother

16、's and father's D.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers'

17、D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of co

18、ffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, we'll have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's10.

19、 They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It so

20、unds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you don't take more _, you'll get fat.A. medici

21、ne B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road

22、D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were 冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)一、 不定冠词的用法 1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如： She is a girl. Pass me an apple , please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何

23、人或何物。例如： A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week. 3). 表示 “一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the

24、photo of the boy 2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如: -Where are the new books, Jim? - They are on the small table. 3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如: Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如: The sun is bigger than the moon. 5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如: The first tru

25、ck is carrying a few baskets. The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如: the Great Wall the North Street Hospital7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如: in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left(right) at the end of三、不用冠词的情况 1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk 2）名词前已有作定语用

26、的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如： The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如： My father and mother are teachers.I like cakes. 4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如： It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter. 5）在称呼语或表示头衔的

27、名词前。例如： Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Greens shoes? 6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如： He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?注： 在某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad.2. -Do you like playing _ football? -Yes. B

28、ut I have only _ basketball.3. Do you know _girl on _another side of _ lake?4. Theres _ “u” and _ “s” in _work “use”.5. She says _animals cants live without _air, either.6. His father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university.7. Which is heavier, _elephant or _ horse?8. _ cold wind was blowin

29、g from the north.9. He is always ready to help _ old and _ young.10. _ Greens are traveling in _ South China.11. Although _ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink _most are _ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _ interesting film last night. _ film was about _ kind doctor.13. You can have _ second

30、try if you fail _ first time.14. Tom went to _ school as usual, but he didnt know his father went to _school for a parent meeting.15. _ knowledge begins with _ practice.一、在空白处填入a / an 或the。1. -Mum, what shall we have for _dinner? -Dumplings. -Oh, what _ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.2. _ PL

31、A was founded on _August 1st,19273. _ Kings came to us at _ noon.4. The scientists from _ United States live in _ Ninth Street.5. The doctor to him, “Take _ medicine twice _day. Stay in _ bed and youll be better soon.”6. September 10th is _ Teachers Day.7. Mr Black arrived here on _ Tuesday morning.

32、8. There are four seasons in _year. _ first season is spring. It is _ best one of _ four.9. Some people have been to _moon, in _ spaceship.10. _ China is _ old country with _ long history二、选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the1. They are living _happy life now.2. _bag on _desk is mine.3. There is _empty box

33、on the table.4. Do you like _music of the film “Titanic”?5. On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.6. _Browns have been to China twice.7. Dont make any noise in _class.8. This is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.9. Next week they will go to Australia by _air.10. Which is bigger, _

34、sun or _moon?三、在空白处填入a / an或the。1. This morning I bought _ newspaper and _ magazine. _ newspaper is in my bag but I dont know where I put _ magazine.2. I saw _ accident this morning. _ car crashed into _ tree. _ driver of _ car wasnt hurt but _ car was badly damaged.3. There are two cars parked outs

35、ide: _ blue one and _ grey one. _ blue one is my neighbours; I dont know who _ owner of _ grey one is.4. My friends live in _ old house in _ small village. There is _ beautiful garden behind _ house. I would like to have _ garden like that.1a ,a, The the 2.an, a, a, The ,the, the 3. A, a, the the, t

36、he 4. an, a, a, the, a代 词一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、 代词的用法1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表： 数 格 人 称 单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格 第一人称wemeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称hehimtheythem she her it it (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语

37、。例如：They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：- Whos that? - Its me.注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。 人称代词she可以用指

38、代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。 It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成

39、的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should

40、 do more for the project.2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1） 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May

41、 I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfhers

42、elfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves （1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) Youd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help onese

43、lf to,etc4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如：

44、Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语： What make you so happy?作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager

45、 talking with?在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语： Which subject do you like best?作表语： Whats your mother.6相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如： We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year.

46、相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。 例如： We put the presents in each others stocking.7连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, eac

47、h, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。 不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, no

48、ne, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today an

49、d tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None4. The population of China is much large than _A. this B.those C.it D.that5 . - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another D.allHe said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything- Do you know the lady _ is