2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高二(上)期末英语试卷(含答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高二（上）期末英语试卷Inthetenthgrade，mypeersgavemeanicknamethatstuckuntilgraduation："Dictionary."Itallstartedthedaymyteacherannouncedanationalspellingbeecompetition.

Determinedtowin，IopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish.Inadesperate(1)tomemorizethemostwordspossible，Ibeganreadingdayandnight.

Duringthecompetition，Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat-tothisday-I(2)theword："graffiti."However，notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly(3)mydeterminationtostudyharder.

Later，myschoolwasparticipatinginaFrenchdictationcompetitionhostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty(4)toaneducation.

Frenchisn'tmyfirstlanguage，soI(5)thebooksevenharder.Ispentallmyfreetimestudying.

Inthecompetition，Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!Ifeltsoproud.Thatjoywas(6)becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite.

Inthefinal，Itookthefifthplace.Althoughitwasn'twhatIhaddreamedof，itwasquite(7)!

Besidestheaward，Iacquiredthe(8)thatI'dusefortherestofmylife，suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking.AndIfoundthatwhetherwearegenerating(9)forourselvesorforothers，weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst（催化剂）ofabrilliantfuture.Sometimes，thatcatalystcanbeas(10)asabook.1.

A.search B.sadness C.cry D.attempt2.

A.repeat B.learn C.prefer D.remember3.

A.showed B.strengthened C.shook D.tested4.

A.access B.freedom C.attention D.devotion5.

A.took B.pulled C.hit D.pressed6.

A.doubled B.spread C.transformed D.obtained7.

A.obvious B.average C.close D.familiar8.

A.rules B.abilities C.methods D.ideas9.

A.interest B.reaction C.change D.power10.

A.simple B.huge C.famous D.useful11.A

Amy'sschoolneededtocollectmoneyformorecomputers.Sincemanyofherclassmates'familieswerefromdifferent(1)（country），Amysuggestedholdingauniquedinnernightwhereeverystudentcouldbringinhishomedish.Sheknewparentsandstudents(2)（be）gladtopaymoneytotrydifferentfoods!Forthisdinner，AmybroughtinchickenwithpotatoeswhileherChinesefriendLiHuabroughtinfriedeggswithtomatoes.Itwas(3)greatsuccess.B

"Whoquestionsmuch，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch，"saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvious(4)weacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.However，inthe17thcentury，manypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhatthey(5)（believe）.Butourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.SoGalileoGalileisaid，"Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncethey(6)（discover）；thepointistodiscoverthem."C

Perfectionism，asaclassicresponsetolife，isriskierthanitoncewas.Agrowingemphasis(7)employees'well-beingisonereasonwhyperfectionismisoutoffavour.Perfectionistsmayalsohurtteamspirit，becausetheyareregardedasbeingless(8)（social）skilledandlesslikeablethannon-perfectionists.However，somejobsactivelyrequireperfectionism.Fortunately，discouragingperfectionismdoesnotmean(9)（lower）highstandards.Perfectionistsaredeeplyannoyingbuttheyarenowherenearasbadaspeople(10)don'thaveanystandards.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)CThebaldeaglewasonceadyingspeciesintheUnitedStates.Thisisbecausethebirdwasn'talwaysheldwithrespect.AttheNationalBookFestival，authorJackE.Davisdetailedthebaldeagle's"greatconservationsuccessstory".

Thebaldeaglehasfacedextinctiontwice.Thefirstoccurredinthelate19thcentury."Itwasthenthatabaldeagleseenwasonetobeshot，"hesaid.Heexplainedthatthebirdhadbeenregardedasadangerousanimal，andconsideredathreat.Butsuchthreattendedtobeoverstated.Throughouttheearly20thcentury，thousandsofbaldeagleswereshotdown.Thingsbegantochangeforthebirdin1940，whenthegovernmentpasseditslegalprotection-theBaldEagleProtectionAct.

However，onlyfiveyearslater，thebirdfaceditssecondnearextinctionwhenDDT，anenvironmentallyharmfulinsecticide（杀虫剂），wasintroducedattheendofWorldWarII．In1963，thebaldeaglehititslowestnumber-totalinglessthan500nestingpairsacrosstheU.S."Atthattime，onlyaboutone-thirdofthenation'swaterwassafeforswimmingandfishing，"Davissaid."Thatwaseaglehabitat，butalsoourhabitat.""Westeppedup."Hementionedthatthissituationledanonprofitorganization，FishandWildlife，tolaunch"hugelysuccessful"eagleprotectionprojects.

By2007，thebaldeaglewasremovedfromthelistasthespeciesregaineditshealth，reachingnearly11，000nestingpairsnationwide，andtoday'snumberissomewherearound500，000.

Forthoselookingtoassistintheongoingcomebackofthebaldeagleandotherendangeredanimals，Davissaid，almosteverystatehasacenterthatacceptsdonationsandwelcomesvisitorsandvolunteers.12.Whatmadethebaldeaglealmostextinctforthefirsttime？______A.Theillegalhunting.

B.Theloosecontrolofguns.

C.Theattackfromotheranimals.

D.Themisunderstandingoftheirthreat.13.WhatcausedFishandWildlifetostarteagleprotectionprojects？______A.TheoutbreakofWorldWarII.

B.TheoveruseofDDTnationwide.

C.Thedisappearanceofeaglehabitat.

D.Theworseningofeagles'livingcondition.14.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage？______A.Totellastoryofadyingspecies.

B.ToadvertisethebookofJackE.Davis.

C.Toraisetheawarenessofprotectingwildlife.

D.Tointroducethewaysofprotectingbaldeagles.DMydadloveshiswine.Onedaywhilemakingasandwich，Inoticedthedateononeofhiswinebottles.Ithentookitoutofthepantry（食品贮藏室）andrushedtowardmyfather.

"Dad，Dad!"Ishouted."Thiswineiswaypastits'bestbefore'date."

"Son，holdon，"hesaid.

"No，youcan'tdrinkthisanymore!"

"Wait，letmetellyou..."

"Wouldyoulikemetothrowitawayforyou？"Iasked.

"Ha，ha，no.Letmeexplainsomething，"myfathersaidcheerfully.

"But..."Ididn'twantmyfathergettingsick.

"Son，somewinesgetbetterovertime.Thelongeryouwaittodrinkit，thebetteritwillbe.Althoughthismayseemstrange，itistrue."

WhenIwasyoung，Ididn'thaveanyunderstandingofwhatthismeant.Butnow，lookingback，thiswouldhavebeenveryhelpfultorememberasIwentthroughmyteenageryears.

Weareallsokeentoreachthenextstepquicklythatwewilldoanythingtogetthere.Thishasanegativeeffectonoursociety.Inajobsituation，wewantpromotionsomuchthatwewillsteponothers.Whentryingtogototherightcollege，wewilldoanythingtogetin.Whenwerushthroughourhomework，wemaynotstudyenoughforthetest，andendupfailing.Allthesecommonsituationshaveonethingincommon：theycouldallbesolvedifwejusttookourtime.

Whenwedon'tfullyprepareourselvesforthenextlevel，webecomeasocietyofpeoplewhoaren'tready，butwanttherewardsofreachingthenextlevel.Thischeatsotherswhohavepreparedanddeservethejob.Weneedtobereadyforwhatevercomes，readyfortheunexpected.Justaswinegetsbetterovertime，sowillthethingsinourpaths.15.Howdidthefatherreacttotheout-of-datewine？______A.Heinsistedonkeepingit.

B.Hedrankitupimmediately.

C.Hecheckedifitwasdrinkable.

D.Heaskedhissontothrowitaway.16.Whichofthefollowingmightthefatherapproveof？______A.Graduatingfromcollegeaheadoftime.

B.Gettingthebestjobasquicklyaspossible.

C.Preparingourselvesforapromotionpatiently.

D.Doingschoolworkdespitemissingthedeadline.17.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage？______A.Goodthingscometothosewhowait.

B.Positivethinkingresultsinsuccess.

C.Hewholaughslast，laughsbest.

D.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.EAlarmingreportsthattheAntarcticicesheetisbecomingsmallermisrepresentthefacts.Theicesheetholdsabout26.5milliongigatons（十亿吨）ofwater．Ifitweretomelt（融化）completely，sealevelswouldrise190feet.Suchachangeisanissueforthefarfuture，ifitcomesatall.

MuchmoremodesticelossisnormalinAntarctica.Eachyear，some2，200gigatonsoftheiceisdischarged（消融），whilesnowfalladdsalmostthesameamount.Thedifferencebetweenthedischargeandadditioneachyearistheannualloss.Thatfigurehasbeenincreasing，from40gigatonsayearinthe1980sto250gigatonsayearinthe2010s.Buttheincreaseisjustaslightchangeinacomplexprocess.Ifitcontinuedatthatrate，thesealevelwouldberaisedby3inchesover100years.

Manyfearthatawarmingglobecouldincreasedischargeandcausemorerapidsea-levelrise.Tworecentstudiesfocusonthisissue.ResearchersinthestudyofThwaitesGlacier（冰川）-anunusuallybroadandfastAntarcticglacier-inferthatinthepastitbecamesmallerforhalfayearatmorethantwicethefastestrateeverobserved.Thecauseofthisspecificeventremainsunknown，partlybecausethetimeoftherapidmeltinghasn'tyetbeendetermined.Butthemediagoeswiththisangle："A'doomsday（末日）glacier'，thesizeofFlorida，isbreakingfasterthanthought."

Asecondstudytestedtheideathatthemeltedfreshwatercouldbecarriedbycurrentstospeedupthedischargeofnearbyglaciers.Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprovetheiridea.Ifoceancurrentscanconnectthedischargesofdistantglaciers，thatwouldaddtothecomplexityintheAntarcticicesheet.Toemphasizetheiridea，researchersusedhumaninfluencesalmostthreetimeslarger.Eventhoughthatfactisstatedinthepaper，reportersrarely，andthemediagoeswithheadlinessuchas"amassivetsunamiwoulddrownNewYorkCity，killingmillions."Amoreaccurateheadlinewouldread："OceancurrentsconnectingAntarcticglaciersmightquickentheirmelting."

Thesetwostudieswereconductedwithclevermethodstoinferpastconditionsandadvancedcomputermodelingtoshowpossiblesituations.Thesepapersdescribethesciencewithappropriateprecisionandcaution，butitisashamethatthemediamisrepresentstheresearchtoraisealarm.Thatdeniesthepublictherighttomakeinformeddecisionsabout"climateaction，"aswellastheopportunitytobeamazedatthescienceitself.18.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheannuallossoftheAntarcticicesheet？______A.It'sadanger. B.It'slimited.

C.Itchangessignificantly. D.Itdecreasesyearly.19.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostudies？______A.Bothstudiesconstructednewmodels.

B.TheThwaitesGlaciermeltsfasterthanexpected.

C.Thecomplexityoftheoceanspeedsupthedischargeofglaciers.

D.NeitherthereasonnorthetimeoftheThwaitesGlacier'smeltingisknown.20.Theunderlinedphrase"catchsuchnuance"probablymeans.______A.denytheobviousfacts B.payattentiontothedifference

C.evaluatethedetails D.areseriousaboutthewarning21.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？______A.Antarcticglaciersmeltingmakessealevelrisegreatly.

B.Recentstudiesonthemeltingicecallforpeople'saction.

C.ReportsofthemediaonAntarcticglaciersmisleadthepublic.

D.Theresearchesabouttheglaciersmeltingraisepublicawareness.TheBenefitsofMakingFunofYourself

Beingabletolaughatyourselfisn'talwayseasy.However，makinglightofyourweaknessesandlifechallengescanhaveanumberofbenefits.Whileitmightsoundsurprising，beingabletomakefunofyourselfcanbegoodforyourself-esteem（自尊）．(1)

Makingfunofyourselfisaformofself-criticalhumor，whichcaninvolvebeingtoomodest，orevenlaughingatyourselfhumorously.(2)However，researchsuggeststheytendtobemoreself-confident.Whenthistypeofhumorisusedtomaintainapositiveattitudeindifficultsituations，itcanhelpenhancewell-beingandself-esteem.

(3)Makingfunofyourselfmayhelpmakeyoumorelikableandbuildstrongerrelationshipswithothers.Interestingly，researchsuggeststhatbothmenandwomenthinkthatbeingabletomakefunofyourselfisanattractivetrait，despitedifferencesintheirwaysofusinghumor.

Laughterhasbeenshowntohaveanumberofstress-fightingbenefits.(4)Whenyouviewsituationsasthreats，stresslevelsincrease.Shiftingtoamindsetthatallowsyoutoseethesesituationsaschallengescantransformthisintowhatisknownas"goodstress"thathelpsyoufeelmoreempowered.

Makingfunofyourselfcanhavesomebenefits，butit'simportantnottotakethingstoofar.Ifmakingfunofyourselfstartsnegativelyimpactingyourmentalhealthorwell-being，it'stimetotakeastepback.(5)Ifyouembraceyourweaknessandimperfectionstoareasonabledegree，youwillfeelhappierandimproveyourrelationshipsandoverallwell-being.

A.Findabalancethatworksforyou.

B.Laughingatyourselfhelpsacceptyourself.

C.Peoplearemoredrawntootherswhocanlaughatthemselves.

D.Beingabletolaughatyourselfcanrelievestressbychangingyourview.

E.Makingfunofyourselfindifficultsituationscanreduceyourstressgreatly.

F.Peoplewithsuchasenseofhumoraresometimesregardedashavinglowself-esteem.

G.Itmightevenimproveyourrelationshipsandhelpyoufacechallengesmoreeffectively.22.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G23.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G24.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G25.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G26.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G27.Computers，smartphones，andaudioplayersareanessentialpartofstudents'everydaylives.Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework，theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.Insteadofconcentratingononetask，theyareperformingmultipletasks.

AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen，publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience，studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistracted（分神）bytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized（未经许可的）activities.

Often，studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively，withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However，theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.

Butwhydoteenagersmultitask？Theanswerissimple：multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.Astheresearchindicates，theentertainmentgainedfromsecondaryactivitiesduringstudiesmakeslearnersfeelbetteremotionally.WatchingTVortalkingtoyourfriendsbyemailispleasantandhelpsstudentsfightboredomwhiledoinghomeworkorlisteningtoalecturetheyfindboring.Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.Theseeminglytinydistractions，however，resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation，injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient.

However，theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.TheresearchconductedbyHKUindicatesthatpeoplewhoroutinelymultitaskareabletousetheirsensesinconjunction（结合）moreeasily.Otherresearchalsoshowsthatmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheabilitytopassjudgmentandsolveproblemsquicklyandefficiently.

（1）Whatproblemdostudentshavewhendoinghomework？______

（2）Howdoesmultitaskinginfluencestudents'study？______

（3）Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Studentschoosetomultitaskeventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.______

（4）Whatmeasure（s）canyoutaketoavoidyourmultitasking？Why？（Inabout40words）______28.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。学校下个月将举办英文短剧大赛。作为班长，你打算邀请外教Mr.Jenson帮助指导你班的英文短剧表演。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

（1）指导的具体内容；

（2）排练安排和其他注意事项。

注意：（1）词数100左右；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：

rehearse-topractiseormakepeoplepractisesomethingsuchasaplayorconcertinordertoprepareforapublicperformancerehearsal-atimewhenallthepeopleinaplay，concertetc.practisebeforeapublicperformance

DearMr：Jenson，

____________

Yourssincerely，

LiHua

答案和解析1~10.【答案】D、D、B、A、C、A、C、B、C、A【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.search搜查；B.sadness伤心；C.cry哭喊；D.attempt尝试。句意：为了尽可能多地记住单词，我不顾一切地开始夜以继日地阅读。根据上文中的"Determinedtowin，IopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish."可知是"尝试"。故选D项。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.repeat重复；B.learn学习；C.prefer偏爱；D.remember记住。句意：这次失败的痛苦是如此之大，以至于直到今天，我还记得那个词："涂鸦"。根据上文中的"Duringthecompetition，Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat—tothisday"可知，作者对拼错的单词印象深刻，难以忘记。故选D项。

（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.showed展示；B.strengthened加强；C.shook摇晃；D.tested测试。句意：然而，我投入了如此多的努力却没有成功，这更坚定了我更加努力学习的决心。根据上文中的"However，notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly…"可知，这次失败的痛反而加强了作者认真读书的决心。故选B项。

（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.access获得的机会；B.freedom自由；C.attention注意；D.devotion投入。句意：后来，我的学校参加了一个由非营利组织主办的法语听写比赛，该组织为贫困儿童提供了受教育的机会。根据上文中的"…hostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty…"可知，非营利性组织是为了帮助贫困的孩子有上学机会的，accesstosth.意为"……的机会"。故选A项。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.took带走；B.pulled拉，拽；C.hit重击；D.pressed按压。句意：法语不是我的第一语言，所以我更加用功读书。固定短语hitthebooks意为"用功读书"。故选C项。

（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.doubled加倍；B.spread传播；C.transformed转换；D.obtained获得。句意：这种喜悦加倍了，因为我知道我的胜利也帮助孩子们学会了阅读和写作。根据上文中的"Inthecompetition，Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!"和下文中的"becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite."可知，作者的快乐翻倍了。故选A项。

（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.obvious明显的；B.average一般的；C.close接近的；D.familiar熟悉的。句意：虽然这不是我梦寐以求的，但已经很接近了！根据上文中的"Althoughitwasn'twhatIhaddreamedof，"可知，接近了自己的梦想。故选C项。

（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.rules规矩；B.abilities能力；C.methods方法；D.ideas思想。句意：除了这个奖项，我还获得了我余生都会用到的能力，比如毅力和批判性思维。根据下文中的"thatI'dusefortherestofmylife，suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking."可知是"能力"。故选B项。

（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.interest兴趣；B.reaction回应；C.change改变；D.power力量。句意：我发现，无论我们是在为自己还是为他人创造改变，我们永远不知道什么能成为辉煌未来的催化剂。根据下文中的"weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst（催化剂）ofabrilliantfuture."可知是"改变"。故选C项。

（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.huge巨大的；C.famous著名的；D.useful有用的。句意：有时候，这种催化剂就像一本书一样简单。根据下文中的"as…asabook."可知，读书是一件简单的事情。故选A项。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在自己参加的单词拼写比赛中的经历，给自己和他人带来了改变，使作者获得了以后生活中所需的能力。

近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

11.【答案】【小题1】countries【小题2】wouldbe/were【小题3】a【小题4】how【小题5】hadbelieved【小题6】arediscovered【小题7】on/upon【小题8】socially【小题9】lowering【小题10】who/that【解析】（1）考查可数名词的复数。句意：由于她的许多同学的家庭来自不同的国家，艾米建议举办一个独特的晚餐之夜，每个学生都可以带上他的家菜。different修饰名词时，名词用复数形式。故填countries。

（2）考查谓语动词。句意：她知道家长和学生会很乐意花钱尝试不同的食物！结合句意和knew可知，句子用一般过去时，主语parents

and

students是复数，谓语动词用were；结合句意可知，从句中的动作可以表示将来的动作，所以从句中的谓语可以使用过去将来时态。故填wouldbe/were。

（3）考查冠词。句意：这是一次巨大的成功。结合句意可知，此处表示"一次巨大的成功"，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，great发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。

（4）考查主语从句。句意：现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解似乎很明显。it为形式主语，该空引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，缺少方式状语。故填how。

（5）考查时态。句意：然而，在17世纪，许多人倾向于忽视事实，不愿意挑战他们的信仰。结合句意可知，从句中的谓语believe发生在主句的谓语部分wereunwillingtochallenge之前，表示"过去的过去"，故用过去完成时。故填hadbelieved。

（6）考查时态语态。句意：所以伽利略•伽利莱说："所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们。结合句意和are可知，句子用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用复数形式，且与discover之间为被动关系，故填arediscovered。

（7）考查介词。句意：越来越重视员工的福祉是完美主义不受欢迎的原因之一。anemphasison/uponsth表示"对……强调"。故填on/upon。

（8）考查副词。句意：完美主义者也可能伤害团队精神，因为他们被认为比非完美主义者更不善于社交，更不讨人喜欢。此处用副词作状语修饰skilled，故填socially。

（9）考查动名词。句意：幸运的是，不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。meandoingsth表示"意味着做某事"，meantodosth.意为"打算做某事"，结合句意可知，"意味着作某事"符合句意。故填lowering。

（10）考查定语从句。句意：完美主义者非常烦人，但他们远没有那些没有任何标准的人那么糟糕。此处引导定语从句，先行词为people，在从句中作主语，故填who/that。

A是一篇记叙文。讲述了Amy在家中成功的举办了一次独特的晚宴，每个来自不同国家的学生带了一份家乡菜。

B是一篇说明文。主要讲述了我们该如何获得和理解知识。

C是一篇说明文。主要介绍了完美主义和完美主义者的特点，并指出不追求完美主义并不意味着降低高标准。

做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

12~14.【答案】D、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The

bald

eagle

has

faced

extinction

twice.The

first

occurred

in

the

late

19th

century.

"It

was

then

that

a

bald

eagle

seen

was

one

to

be

shot，

"

he

said.He

explained

that

the

bird

had

been

regarded

as

a

dangerous

animal，and

considered

a

threat（秃鹰曾两次面临灭绝。第一次发生在19世纪后期。"那时，秃鹰一被发现就会遭到射杀，"他说。他解释说秃鹰被视为一种危险的动物，被认为是一种威胁。）可知，19世纪末期，秃鹰被猎杀是因为人们认为秃鹰是一种威胁，这让秃鹰几乎灭绝。A.The

illegal

hunting.非法狩猎；B.The

loose

control

of

guns.对枪支的松散控制；C.The

attack

from

other

animals.其他动物的攻击；D.The

misunderstanding

of

their

threat.对他们威胁的误解。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段At

that

time，only

about

one-third

of

the

nation's

water

was

safe

for

swimming

and

fishing，

"

Davis

said.

"That

was

eagle

habitat，but

also

our

habitat.

"

"We

stepped

up.

"

He

mentioned

that

this

situation

led

a

nonprofit

organization，Fish

and

Wildlife，to

launch

"hugely

successful"

eagle

protection

projects.（"当时，全国只有大约三分之一的水域可以安全游泳和钓鱼，"戴维斯说。"那是鹰的栖息地，也是我们的栖息地。""我们站了出来。"他提到，这种情况让非营利组织Fish

and

Wildlife启动了"hugely

successful"鹰保护项目。）可知，秃鹰生存条件的恶化促使非营利性组织Fish

and

Wildlife发起鹰保护项目。故选D。

（3）目的意图题。根据最后一段For

those

looking

to

assist

in

the

ongoing

comeback

of

the

bald

eagle

and

other

endangered

animals，Davis

said，almost

every

state

has

a

center

that

accepts

donations

and

welcomes

visitors

and

volunteers.（戴维斯说，对于那些希望帮助白头鹰和其他濒危动物恢复的人来说，几乎每个州都有一个接受捐款、欢迎游客和志愿者的中心。）可知，每个州都有接受捐赠并欢迎游客和志愿者的中心，这是对人们发起号召，让大家行动起来保护野生动物，再结合本文介绍的秃鹰两次濒临灭绝的情况综合推断可知，这篇文章是为了提升人们保护野生动物的意识。因此C.To

raise

the

awareness

of

protecting

wildlife.（提高保护野生动物的意识。）符合题意。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秃鹰面临的两次灭绝，在政府和一些野生动物保护组织的努力下，秃鹰从美国濒临灭绝物种名单中消除。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

15~17.【答案】A、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据"Would

you

like

me

to

throw

it

away

for

you？"

I

asked.

（"你想让我把它扔掉吗？"我问。）以及"Ha，ha，no.Let

me

explain

something，

"

my

father

said

cheerfully.（"哈，哈，不。让我解释一下，"父亲高兴地说。）可知，父亲想要保存已经过期的酒。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的In

a

job

situation，we

want

promotion

so

much

that

we

will

step

on

others.

（在工作中，我们非常想升职，以至于我们会把别人踩在脚下。）和All

these

common

situations

have

one

thing

in

common：they

could

all

be

solved

if

we

just

took

our

time.（所有这些常见的情况都有一个共同点：只要我们慢慢来，它们都可以解决。）以及最后一段中的We

need

to

be

ready

for

whatever

comes，ready

for

the

unexpected.（我们需要为即将到来的一切做好准备，为意想不到的事情做好准备。）可知，父亲认为应该耐心地为晋升做好准备。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We

need

to

be

ready

for

whatever

comes，ready

for

the

unexpected.Just

as

wine

gets

better

over

time，so

will

the

things

in

our

paths.（我们需要为即将到来的一切做好准备，为意想不到的事情做好准备。正如葡萄酒随着时间的推移变得更好一样，我们人生道路上的事情也会变得更好。）可知，C项"好事属于那些愿意等待的人。"符合题意。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文。通过父亲和儿子的对话，告诉我们正如葡萄酒随着时间的推移变得更好一样，我们也会慢慢地变得更好。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

18~21.【答案】B、D、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段That

figure

has

been

increasing，from

40

gigatons

a

year

in

the

1980s

to

250

gigatons

a

year

in

the

2010s.But

the

increase

is

just

a

slight

change

in

a

complex

process.（这一数字一直在增加，从1980年代的每年40亿吨增加到2010年代的每年250千兆吨。但这种增加只是复杂过程中的微小变化。）可知，研究者认为这种增加只是一个微小的变化，由此可推断，南极洲冰层的每年的损失是有限的的。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Researchers

constructeda

special

model

to

prove

their

idea.（研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。）可知，只有一项研究采用了建模模式，故A.Both

studies

constructed

new

models.（两项研究都构建了新的模型）错误；根据第三段Researchers

in

the

study

of

Thwaites

Glacier

（冰川）-an

unusually

broad

and

fast

Antarctic

glacier-infer

that

in

the

past

it

became

smaller

for

half

a

year

at

more

than

twice

the

fastest

rate

ever

observed.（研究思韦茨冰川的研究人员推断，在过去的半年里，它以超过观测到的最快速度的两倍的速度变小。）可知，该冰川融化的速度变小而不是更快，故B.The

Thwaites

Glacier

melts

faster

than

expected.（思韦茨冰川融化的速度比预期的要快。）错误；根据第四段A

second

study

tested

the

idea

that

the

melted

freshwater

could

be

carried

by

currents

to

speed

up

the

discharge

of

nearby

glaciers.（第二项研究测试了融化的淡水可以被水流携带以加速附近冰川排放的想法。）可知，是融化的淡水增加了附近冰川的消融，故C.The

complexity

of

the

ocean

speeds

up

the

discharge

of

glaciers.（海洋的复杂性加速了冰川的消融）错误；根据第三段The

cause

of

this

specific

event

remains

unknown，partly

because

the

time

of

the

rapid

melting

hasn't

yet

been

determined.（这一特定事件的原因仍然未知，部分原因是快速融化的时间尚未确定。）"可知，Thwaites

Glacier的融化原因和快速融化的时间不明确。故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段Researchers

constructed

a

special

model

to

prove

their

idea.If

ocean

currents

can

connect

the

discharges

of

distant

glaciers，that

would

add

to

the

complexity

in

the

Antarctic

ice

sheet.To

emphasize

their

idea，researchers

used

human

influences

almost

three

times

larger.（研究人员构建了一个特殊的模型来证明他们的想法。如果洋流可以连接遥远冰川的排放，这将增加南极冰盖的复杂性。为了强调他们的想法，研究人员使用了几乎三倍于人类的影响。）可知，研究者用建模的方式研究洋流可能对冰川融化的影响，所以使用的近乎三倍于人类的影响进行研究。划线短语所在的句子与其前的"Even

though

that

fact

is

stated

in

the

paper，reporters

rarely…（尽管报纸上陈述了这一事实，但记者很少……）"是转折关系，即使报纸上陈述了这一事实，但是……，结合选项可知，此处表示"他们没有注意到区别"，在结合下文中对新闻标题的更改，可以确定，此短语的意思是"注意差别"。A.deny

the

obvious

facts否认明显的事实；B.pay

attention

to

the

difference注意区别；C.evaluate

the

details评估细节；D.are

serious

about

the

warning你对这个警告很认真。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段These

papers

describe

the

science

with

appropriate

precision

and

caution，but

it

is

a

shame

that

the

media

misrepresents

the

research

to

raise

alarm.That

denies

the

public

the

right

to

make

informed

decisions

about

"climate

action，

"

as

well

as

the

opportunity

to

be

amazed

at

the

science

itself.（这些论文以适当的精确和谨慎描述了科学，但令人遗憾的是，媒体歪曲了研究以引起警惕。这剥夺了公众就"气候行动"做出知情决定的权利，也剥夺了对科学本身感到惊讶的机会。）可知，媒体歪曲了研究而引起警惕，剥夺了公众的知情决定权，由此可以推断，媒体对南极冰川的报道误导了公众。因此C.Reports

of

the

media

on

Antarctic

glaciers

mislead

the

public.（媒体关于南极冰川的报道误导了公众。）符合题意。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是一篇骇人听闻的关于南极冰层变小的报道，引起了人们的恐慌，本文主要讲述的是两项针对于这项报道的研究，这两项研究使用明智的做法推断过去的情况和先进的计算机建模来显示可能的情况，来证实媒体报道的不实，歪曲了研究的实情，误导了公众。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

22~26.【答案】G、F、C、D、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前文While

it

might

sound

surprising，being

able

to

make

fun

of

yourself

can

be

good

for

your

self-esteem（虽然这听起来很奇怪，但能够嘲笑自己对你的自尊心有好处），可知表示"它甚至可以改善你的关系，帮助你更有效地面对挑战"的选项G符合前后的语境，be

good

for

your

self-esteem和improve

your

relationships

and

help

you

face

challenges

more

effectively是关键词，故选G。

（2）推理判断题。根据前句Making

fun

of

yourself

is

a

form

of

self-critical

humor，which

can

involve

being

too

modest，or

even

laughing

a