【精选】2020年中考英语语法复习6《情态动词》

1、2020年中考英语语法复习方案6情态动词【趋势解读】情态动词是各地中考的必考点，主要考查情态动词的基本用法，考题贴近生活实际， 体现语言学习的实用性。要求考生熟知情态动词的基本特点，掌握常见倩态动词的各种用法。考生答题时需认真体会语境，揣摩说话者的语气强弱和态度。难度适中，一般分值在12分。预计中考关于本专题知识命题趋势如下：(1)各地中考情态动词考查的热点为表推测、许可及义务含义的情态动词，尤其是对must三种用法的考查是重中之重。(2)自主招生考试的重点将关注情态动词表示推测的用法及情态动词与现在完成时连 用。A值为12分。【思维引导】精彩笔记1表示能力的情态动词去示意义例调用法否定式例旬

2、表夏荏眼牌来能林夏串If you savt new b you can will be Able to buy a ctr socr.虻果你现在存钱的诰，不久就爱买一辑汽车了“I can climh the Tnountam.I am able fo climb the rwunitiirL 我能登上那座山*could亲示过去能做某事He cdullI speak Eniish theof 3Kd lit 帆七Fable io speak English at thr 电算e of one.注意:表示具有某种能力的还有半情态动词be able to,但是和can有区别，can只有现在式和过去式

3、。be able to可以有更多的时态。核心题根 1 (1) I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need思路点拨：考查情态动词表示能力。句意:如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和 John 一起去欧洲度假。can “能，会”，表示体力、智力、技能方面的能力 ；might "可能，可以”，表示可能 性推测；would "愿意"；need "需要”，表示必要。(2) No one be compare

4、d with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh,you are really his big fan.A. canB. needC. mustD. might思路点拨：句意：一在打篮球方面没有人能和姚明相比。一你真是他忠实的粉丝。此处应填表示能力的情态动词。can “能，会”，表示能力；need “需要”；must “必须”，同类变式1 (1) IA. can'tC. needn'tfollow you.表示义务；might "可以，可能”，表示请求许可或可能性的推测。Would you please repeat it?B. mu

5、stn'tD. shouldn'tdo that.C. should(2)Hate cannot drive out hate; only loveA. canB. must(3) The police still haven't found the lost child, but they are doing all theyB. mayD. shouldA. canC. must知识归纳(1) was/were able to do sth相当于succeeded in doing sth,“表示过去有能力做并且成功地 做了”。(2)could have done表

6、示过去有能力做但未做。例如：The fire spread through the supermarket quickly, but everyone was able to get out.尽管大火迅速地蔓延到整个超市，但是每个人都逃出来了。I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous. 我本来可以解出这道题，但 是我太紧张了。精彩笔记2 表示义务责任：have to/must和Should/ought to1.must/have to 和 needn't 的用法(1)现在或将来必须做的事 ：must/have

7、to do sth如:Ori must/has to wear a School uniform. Ori 必须穿校服。(2)现在或将来不必做的事 ：don't have to do sth; needn't do sth=don't need to do sth2.should 和 ought to 的用法(1)should和ought to表示义务、责任，意为"应该”。表示责任义务时语气由强到弱排 列应该是 must>ought to>should ,即 ought to 的语气强于 should,弱于 must。(2)与不定式完成体连用时表示

8、对“本应该做而没有做某事”的责备。例如：You should(=ought to)90 to class right now.你应该立即去上课。Should I open the window? 我应该打开窗户吗 ？核心题根 2-1 All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane.A. canB. mayC. mustD. ought思路点拨：can “能，会”，表示能力；may “可以”，表示请求允许；must “必须”，表示必 须做;ought “应该”，表示义务。根据句意“乘飞机之前所有的乘客必须通过安检”，

9、可推断此空应填表示“必要性”的情态动词。(2)I worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can'tB. needn'tC. shouldn'tD. daren't思路点拨：can't"不能，不会做"；needn't"不必，没有必要做"；shouldn't"不应daren't “不敢”。根据句意“我不必担心周末一到周末之前我总会做好计划的"，可推断worry之前应填“没有

10、必要”。同类变式2-1(1)改写以下句子，用 must或have to来代替斜体印出的部分。 It will be necessary ,for you to see a doctor. Is it necessary for you to make so much noise?DShe said it would be necessary for us to stay here. It is necessary for me to have some help. it was necessary for him to go out last night.(2)If you smoke, pl

11、ease go outside.A. canB. mayC. mustD. might(3) It's quite warm here; we turn the heating(暖气)on yet.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. wouldn't知识归纳(1) must/have to必须，一定要。have to有人称、数和时态的变化；must没有变化。如:He had to see the dentist yesterday 他昨天不得不去看了牙医。Ori will have to stay at home tomo

12、rrow.奥利明天将不得不待在家里。(2)must强调说话人的主观看法，have to强调客观需要。(3)不要混淆了 mustn't与needn't和don't have to: mustn't是强调"禁止做某事"，"没有 必要筱 用 needn't或don't have to表不。B. shouldn'tC. need核心题根 2-2 (1) As middle school students, we be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our drea

13、ms come true.A. must思路点拨：考查表示义务的情态动词的用法。must"必须"，shouldn't "不应该"，need "需要”。根据句意“作为中学生，如果我们想要梦想成真，我们就不应该害怕困难”可知此空 要填“不应该”才符合题意。(2) My cat's really fat.一 You have given her so much food.A. wouldn'tB. couldn'tC. shouldn'tD. mustn't思路点拨：句意:一我的猫真的很胖。一你(本)不

14、应该喂它那么多吃的东西。shouldn't+have done表示"本不应该做的事情却做了"。根据对话的情景可知，第二句的内容是第一句猫太胖的原因一喂了太多的食物。换句话说就是：你不应该喂它那么多食物。同类变式 2-2 (1) What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You do anything except to be with them and be yourself.A. don't have toB. oughtn't toC. mustn'tD. can't(2)

15、How's your tour around the North Lakes Is it beautiful?It be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must(3)Turn off the TV , Jack. your homework now? 一 Mum, just ten more minutes, please.A. Should you be doingB. Shouldn't you be doingC. Couldn't you be doingD. Will yo

16、u be doing知识归纳(1)在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。(2)ought to "应该"，否定形式为ought not to或oughtn't to,其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。如：I ought to write to him today.我今天应当给他写信。Humans oughtn't to pollute nature.人类不应污染大自然。Ought we to help one another?我们应该互相帮助吗 ？(3) need “有必要"，need作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定

17、句中用 must,have to, ought to 或 should o 如：You needn't be told twice about one single thing.同一件事对你不必说两遍。 Need Ori come here?奥利有必要来吗？Yes, he must.是的。/No,he needn't.不，没必要。(4) need还可以作实义动词，意为“需要”，有人称和数的变化，后接名词或带to的不定式。如： Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?需要我把电话和地址留下吗？Yes, you need

18、 to.是的。/No, you don't need to.不必。精彩笔记3 表示许可:may/might和can/could(1) can /could表示允许，意为"可以"，could语气更委婉。如： Can I borrow your book?我可以借你的书吗 ？ 一Yes, you can.可以。Could(不是can的过去式)I use your cell phone for a while?我可以用一会儿你的手机1Yes, of course you can(表示允许别人做某事，用 can,而不用could ).好的，当然可以。(2) may /mig

19、ht表示允许，意为"可以"，might语气更委婉。如：You may use my ruler.你可以用我的尺子。 May I come in?我可以进来吗，Yes, you may(表示给予许可时，不用 might ).是的，你可以进来。May/Might I have a few words with your manager, please ,我可以和你的经理谈一谈吗，He asked if he might use the phone.他问是否可以用一下电话。核心题根 3 (1) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I us

20、e yours?Yes, you .A. canB. mustC. couldD. should思路点拨：考查表示允许的情态动词的用法。Could/Can I？是一个表示请求对方许可的句型，意为“我可以吗？”，肯定回答用“Yes, you can. ”否定回答通常用“Sorry, you can't. 等。(2) Dick, I use your e-dictionary?Yes, sure.A. will; WouldC. can; Couldyou give it to David after you use it?B. may; MightD. shall; Should思路点拨

21、：will/would用作情态动词表示意愿，决; may/might "可以"于表示允许， 不用于表示请求方做某事。 should “应该”，表示义务；shall作情态动词，一般用于第一人 称，表示征求对方的意见。Can I？ “我可？”用于请求允许。Could you . ? “你能？”用于有礼貌地 请求对做某事，相当于" Will you please . ？"和"Would you like to .？”。同类变式3 改写以下句子，用 can或may来代替斜体印出的部分。Will you let one use your telephon

22、e , please？(2)Perhaps he will telephone tomorrow.(3)Perhaps the play has begun already.(4)Will you let me leave the table , please？知识归蓟(1)对于may引导的疑问句的回答有以下几种：May I come in？我可以进来吗？Yes, please.可以。/Yes, you may.可以。/No, you mustn't.不，千万另U。 /No, you had better not.不，最女f别。/No, you can't.不，你不能。(2)m

23、ay置于句首表示祝愿。May you live long!祝你长寿!May you all succeed in whatever you do!祝你万事成功 !精彩笔记4表示请求、建议、命令、禁止、意志 (意愿、决心)(1)must(必须)，mustn't(禁止)表示命令、禁止语气较强。The children must be back by 4 o'clock.孩子们必须在四点之前回来。You mustn't play football in the street. It's dangerous.你们一定不要在街上踢足球，这很危I(2)Can(Could)

24、/Will(Would) you .？表示提出请求、邀请、建议，一般用于疑问句，常用 于第二人称。Would you join us in the game ,你要不要和我们一起做游戏，Will you phone me later？你过一会儿再给我打电话好吗，(3) shall 一般用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见或请求对方。What time shall I come？我应该什么时候来，Shall I change into the evening dress for your party ,我换上晚礼服参加你的聚会好吗，(4) will /would表示意愿、决心、愿望等。 Can so

25、meone help me,有人能帮一下忙吗，一 I will ,我来帮你。We won't stay at your house for a long time.我们不会在您这里待太长时间。He said he would fight for the world championship.他说他要争夺世界冠军。Would you like some cake ,吃点蛋糕吗？核心题根 4 (1)Shall we raise some money for the children of Yushu, Qinghai Province？A. I seeB. It's a pleas

26、ureC. I don't believe itD. That's a good idea思路点拨：shall用作情态动词，语气比较委婉，常和第一人称I或we搭配，用于疑问句表示征询对方意见。句意：一我们为青海省玉树的孩子们捐些钱好吗？那是个好主意。A：我知道了 ；B：不客气；C：我不信；D:那是个好主意。(5) You park here! It's an emergeney exit.A. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. couldn' tD. mustn't思路点拨：句意:不允许你在这儿停放汽车！这是一个紧急出口。根据语

27、境可知汽车司机停车位置不对，紧急出口处禁止停车、阻塞，四个选项中只有 mustn't意为"不应该，不许可，禁止“。同类变式4 (1)用mustn't或needn't填空。You make a noise. The children are asleep.You drive so quickly; we have plenty of time.You come with us if you don't want to.You smoke in a theatre. It is forbidden.(2)(上海春招)According to the loc

28、al regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver's license take an eye test.A. canB. mustC. wouldD. may(6) Sharon,remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 一 .A. OK, I willB. Yes, pleaseC. It's hard to sayD. It doesn't matter知识归纳(1)awould like to+ 动词原形"意为"想要做"。

29、如：I would like to buy a new computer.我想买一台新电脑。I would like to go out for a walk.我想出去散步。“would you mind+ 动名词？" 意为"你介意吗？" 如：Would you mind opening thewindow?你介意开一下窗户吗？Of course not. 当然不介意。(2)dare “敢，有胆量”，多用于否定、疑问叹条件句中。如 ：Ori dare not travel alone.奥利不敢独自去旅行。How dare you say that?你竟敢那样说？Y

30、ouwill be punished if you dare break the rules.如果你敢违反规定，就会受到处罚。精彩笔t己 5 used to 和 can't help doing 及 had better(1) used to表示过去常常，否定式为usedn't to或didn't use to。Ori used to take a walk every morning.奥利以前经常每天早上去散步。Mary used to live in Beijing.玛丽过去住在北京。He didn't use to be so careless 他过去没这

31、么粗心。(2) had better(常略为'd better)意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议。You had better be quiet.(用于现在)你最好安静些。You had better start tomorrow.(用于将来)你最好明天动身。We had better be going out for a walk.(用于进行时)我们最好现在就散步。You had better not miss the late bus.(否定语)你最好不要错过末班车。Hadn't you better ask him first ,你不认为该先问问他吗？(3) ca

32、n't help doing表示“不得不，禁不住”。When I try to speak, I can't help making mistakes.我一开 口就禁不住犯错误。核心题根 5 The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A. was used to; producingB. used to; producingC. was used to; produceD. used to; produce思路点拨：句意:黄河过去常淹没大片区域，但是现在黄河水被

33、用来产生能源。used to do表示“过去常常"，be used to do意为“被用来做”。同类变式 5 (1)A mobile phone of this type costs too much. You'd betterA. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait(2) The Greens used to live in London and now they in Beijing.(1) used to liveB. are used to liveC. are used to livingD. are used for living易

34、错警示容易混淆的三个used及句型：used to do sth过去常常做某事(现在已不再这样)be used to doing sth习惯于做某事(to是介词)be used to do sth被用来做某事例如：Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.怀特先生过去曾住在 中国，所以习惯了中国菜。精彩笔记6对现在的情况的推测与判断形式用鎏举倒must十状态动目用在肯定句中，意为”一定、表示肯 定的假设和推测©f<v nui、i he af home now, 地z- A 定在家里口十 be

35、doing一定正在"mg he doing hi> Immiwnrknow.他现在肯定在做作业。canhr,动词原形月在百定句或疑问句中，表示一不可Can he hr 如【h-nme now1He can l be al hciruc nqwr+ be dniTig “不会正在”Can hr be Mill working?He can t he still workm ncrw.may+动词原影用在肯定句中表示.可能二用在否定句中表示,可能不二He may be rifihT, I may not be right.十 be doing“可能正在"She may b

36、e writing a letter 10 hr parents now*might+动词原形用在肯定句中表示U可能二但不如 may肯定口用在否定句中表示可健不”，也不如 may net语气强口He mighi be in tht roonii but I'm nut sure.Vm afraid she might not agree with the ide&41bHe doing可能正在.They might be working now.should /ought to义动询原形只用在肯定句中表示.应谈,估计应 递,想必鬲，会、He should be (ought t

37、o be) at home now*核心题根 6 (1)What's the matter with Tom? He has been absent for two days.一 Oh! He be ill. Let's go and ask Ms Brown.A. canB. needC. mayD. would思路点拨：考查情态动词的用法。can “可以，能”，表示能力或允许；need “需要”，表示 义务；may "可以，可能”，表示允许或对可能情况的推测；would "愿意"，表示意志。句意-Tom怎么啦？他旷课两天了。一哦！他可能生病了。

38、让我们去问问Brown女士吧。(2) - I have been to the moon twice.You be joking! It's impossible!A. canB. mayC. mustD. need思路点拨：考查情态动词表示推测。“must+ be+ doing”表示“现在一定在做某事"。而 “may+be+doing”则表示“可能正在做某事”。根据上文“我到月球去过两次”，可推断下文为“你一定是在开玩笑，这不可能”。(3) Is that man Mr Smith?一 It be him. He has gone to New York on busine

39、ss.A. may notB. needn'tC. can'tD. mustn't思路点拨：考查情态动词表示推测。根据下文“ Mr Smith已经去了 New York”,可推断 出那个人不可能是他。同类变式 6 一You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.Well, I don't know. It do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should(2) Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is ?一 She in the classro

40、om. I saw her there just now.A. shall beB.should havebeenC. must beD.might have been(3)I'm afraid Mr Harding see you now. He's busy.A. can'tB.mustn'tC. shouldn'tD.needn't知识归纳使用情态动词时需要注意的情况：(1)在一个句子中只用一个情态动词，不可同时用两个。(2)情态动词的过去式有时只表示语气婉转，并不表示“过去” 。(3)情态动词表示推测与判断时，语气依下列顺序而减弱：mus

41、tfcanfcould fmayf might(4)肯定句中must表示对一件事确有把握(因为从逻辑上来说，它是必然的)，这时不能用have to代替 must。如：Mary must have some problems. She keeps crying.玛丽肯定有点不舒服，她老是哭。(5) must表示有把握的推测时，在否定句或疑问句中， 要代之以can't/cannot和can。如:Ori cannot be a lazy boy.奥利一定不会是个懒惰的孩子。What do you think this letter can mean?你认为这封信意味着什么 ？精彩笔记7“情态

42、动词+不定式的完成体”表示对过去发生的事情的推测和判断(常在自主招生中或中考的阅读理解文章中出现)1. must have done表示对过去发生行为的推测，意思是“一定，准是" ，只用于肯定句中。如：The streets are wet, it must have rained.街道是湿的, 准是下雨了。2. could have done(1)表示过去(那时)“本来可以，差点就要”做的事情。如 ：He could have arrived earlier.他本可以早一点到的。(2)用于疑问句表示惊奇和怀疑，意思为“不可能(已经)了，可能(已经)了吗？”。如：Where coul

43、d she have gone,她可能到哪里去了呢，3. can't ( couldn't)have done表示对过去事情向真实性表示不相信；用couldn't+have done显得语气更婉转。如：He can't have gone home because I saw him on the playground just now.他不可能回家了, 因 为我刚刚在操场上见过他。4. may ( might)have done表示另过去的不情可能性的推测。might比may表示的可能性更小，或与实际情况相反，常有批评的意思，意为“本应该”“或许(已经)”“或

44、许还没有”。如：Tom is playing in the garden. He may have finished his homework.汤姆正在花园里玩，他 可能已经完成作业。You might have told him earlier. He is angry now.你本应该早点告诉他的，现在他生气5. should(ought to)have done表示对过去应该做而没有做的行为的责备。否定式表示对过去不该做而又做了的事表示责备，意思为“本不该的"，用ought to时，责备意味较强。如：You should(ought to) have been here ten

45、 minutes ago.你本该十分钟之前来这儿。(实际上没到)I feel very hot. I shouldn't ( oughtn't to ) have worn the overcoat.我觉得很热，我不应该穿这件大衣的。实际上穿上了)6. needn't have done常用于否定句中，表示做了不必要做的事情，意思为“本来不必的”。如：You needn't have waited for us.你本不必等我们的。(实际上等了)7. daren't have done常用于否定句中，表示做了原来不敢做的事。如 ：He didn't

46、 pass the exam. He daren't have gone home.他考试没及格，本来他不敢回家的。(实 际上回家了 )核心题根 7 (1) Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. canB. mustC. wouldD. need思路点拨：句意:既然没有人给予他帮助，他肯定是自己完成这项研究工作的。本题考查 情态动词表示推理、 猜测的用法。would have done意为“大概，可能"，不符合句意。can have done意为“本可能”，表示发生概率不

47、大的情况，也不符合本题的语境要求。B项must havedone表示对过去发生行为的肯定推测，意为“一定，准是" ，符合语境要求。(2)(天津自招)She have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can'tB. wouldn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't思路点拨：考查情态动词对过去发生的事进行推理判断。其结构为“情态动词+have+过去分词”。根据下文“因为她的自行车还在这儿”，可以推断她不可能离开了学校。(3) We the difficulty together, but w

48、hy didn't you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced思路点拨：句意:我们本可以一起面对困难，你为什么不告诉我呢？情态动词+动词原形，可以表示对现在情况的推测判断；情态动词十不定式的完成体，可以表示对过去事情的推测判断。根据第二句中didn't可知，题中说的是过去发生的事情。因此排除A,B项。could havedone意为"本可以做"must have done意为"肯定做了"。根据语境提示"Why didn&

49、#39;tyou tell me?”和连接词but可知，“我们”并没有一起面对困难。所以排除D项。同类变式 7 (1) Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed , he arrived half an hour early. A. needn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. couldn't13 years before she(2)The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for returned. Oh, dear

50、! She a lot of difficulties! A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughWhere I have put it?B. mustD. wouldD. must have gone through(3) My MP4 player isn't in my bag.A. canC. should方法技巧could 是 can的过去式， 而在于其语气的委婉程度的:And someday, remember,(1)情态动词的时态形式并不是其时间区别的主要标志。例如, 但两个词都可以

51、用于表示现在， 其主要区别并不在于时间意义, 不同。对于情态动词时间意义的解题，主要还是依靠上下文。例如you might be in the same situation.(请记住，没准儿哪天你也会面临相同的处境。)此句的 might是过去式，但根据 remember的时态形式可以推断，其时间意义仍然是现在。(2)情态动词主要用来表示“可能”、“能力”、“许可”、“逻辑必然”、“义务”、“意志” 和“假设意义”等七种意义。但是一词多义现象在情态动词中的普遍存在，使得情态动词的用法十分复杂。因此我们建议考生着重从阅读理解的角度， 结合上下文来揣摩、判断情态动 词所表达的意义。跟踪练习1. He

52、y, Jack, you make the room such a mess. It's hard to do the cleaning.A. needn'tB. may notC. mustn'tD. won't2. David have gone far because his lap computer is over here, he must be nearby.A. shouldn'tB. mustn'tC. can'tD. wouldn't3. I think the most important thing is t

53、hat you really want to learn the language-without that , you won't get very far.A. have toB. willC. shallD. might4. Do I have to sell my old computer? It almost stops working.You do so, it only needs . Something has gone wrong with it. A. mustn't; to repairB. can't; repairingC. needn'

54、;t; repairingD. may not; to repair5. It Jack who is at the gate of our library.It him. I saw him off at the airport just an hour ago.A. can be; can't beB. must be; can't beC. can be; must have beenD. must be; can't have been6 . What a beautiful day! You take your umbrella at all.A. can&#

55、39;tB. needn'tC. mustn'tD. may not7 . Is that our math teacherIt be him. He has gone to London.A. canB. mayC. mustn'tD. can't8 . I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter.It true because there was little snow there.A. may not beB. won't beC. couldn't beD. will be9 . No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.A. couldB. mustC. dareD. need10 .What a