人教版高二英语选修六同步复习全攻略3.1重点词汇短语细解(含解析)

1、重点词汇短语名皤一、重点词汇细解A1. stress n.压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张【归纳拓展】stressful adj.紧张的，压力重的stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的a stressful job/situation/lifestyle繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式be stressed out ( 因心理压力过重而)筋疲力尽的under stress 在压力之下under the stress of 在的压力下stress that/sth. 强调in the stress of the moment 一时紧张time of stress危难之际，非

2、常时期lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在上即学即练(1)完成句子 Doctors point out that, loneliness, and lack of friends can havea negative influence on sick people.医生指出压力、寂寞和缺乏朋友会对病患造成负面的影响。 In the word “ mother" the is on the first syllable.在“mother”这个单词中，重音在第一个音节上。 The English curriculum should both composition

3、 and reading.英语课程对写作和阅读应同样重视。Worrying over his job and his wife ' s health him.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他处于极大的压力之下。 That young lady,her situation, changed effectively.刃 B 位年轻的小姐，在处境的压力下，变化显著。 After a long and tough journey, all of us felt exhausted and.经过漫长而艰难的旅途后，我们所有人都感到筋疲力尽。【答案】 stress stress lay stre

4、ss on/stress put ; under a great stress under the stress of were stressed out【解析】主要考察stress相关的短语(2)用含有stress的句子翻译他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。由于天气恶劣，我们推迟了运动会。【答案】 He stressed the importance of a good education./ He laid/placed/put stress on the importance of a good education./Stress was laid/placed/put on the imp

5、ortance of a good education by him. We put off the sports meeting under the stress of the bad weather.【解析】主要考察对stress的运用2. ban vt. 禁止；取缔；n.禁令；谴责【教材原句】 Do you think smoking should be banned?你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？【归纳拓展】ban doing sth. 禁止做某事ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事a ban on sth. 对的禁令put/place a ban on sth. 宣

6、布禁止under a ban受禁止；被查禁a total ban on sth. 对的禁令例：The parent ' s group called for a total ban on violent video games.该家长组织呼吁彻底禁止暴力电子游戏。(2)The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.政府已经禁止使用化学武器。即学即练用介词填空After the accident , he was banned driving.(2)He says the proposals may include a ban

7、 drunken- driving.【答案】from(2)on【解析】主要考察 ban的用法3. accustom vt.使习惯于accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的【教材原句】 This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了烟里的尼古丁。【归纳拓展】be accustomed (used) to (doing) sth. 习惯于(表状态) become/get accustomed (= used) to (doing)

8、 sth. 习惯于(表动作)accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth.使自己/ 某人习惯于即学即练(1)These peoplehard work. 这些人习惯于艰苦的工作。(2)Ibeing interrupted.我不习惯被别人打扰。(3)She took her by the window.(4)My eyes slowly the dark.她坐在她习惯的靠窗座位上。我的眼睛慢慢地习惯了黑暗。(1)accustomed themselves to(2)am not accustomed to(3)accustomed seat(4)got accustom

9、ed to【解析】主要考察accustom相关的短语【名师指津】表示“习惯于”的短语还有:be/get used to doingadapt oneself to doingadjust oneself to doing4. quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开【教材原句】When I was taken off the school footballteam because I was unfit,knewit was time to quit smoking.当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。【归纳拓展】quit (doing) sth. 停止做某事，注意 q

10、uit后须用动名词(而不能用动词不定式)作宾语。 即学即练翻译句子(1)发现不良习惯时我们必须及时改正。(2)我根本就没法戒掉看电视。【答案】(1)We must quit bad habits as soon as we find them.(2)I cannot quit watching TV.【解析】主要考察quit的用法【明辨异同】辨析 quit , abandon 和 desert这三个词都含有“放弃” “遗弃”的意思。quit指突然或出其不意地"放弃"，现一般指"停止"。如： She quitted her job. 她放弃 了自己的工作。

11、abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。如：She abandoned her child.她遗弃了她的孩子。desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”。如：The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.那个士兵叛国助敌。5. desperate adj.不顾一切的，拼命的；绝望的；极严重的【教材原句】If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist aboutsomething to help y

12、ou, like nicotine chewing gum.如果你的确感至U没办法，你还可以找个医生或药剂师来谈谈，帮你想办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖等。【归纳拓展】be desperate for非常需要；渴望得到be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事例：(1)If foreign aid dries up, the situation will be desperate. 倘若外援枯竭，形势将 极为严重。(2)He ' s desperate for a glass of water.他极想喝杯水。(3)They invoked help in the despera

13、te situation.他们在走投无路的情况下恳求援助。(4)He was rifling through her desk in a desperate search for the letter.他拼命在她的书桌里搜寻那封信。即学即练(1)Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he(渴 望得到)fame.(2)After ten years of hard study, he(渴望通过)the College Entrance Examination.【答案】is desperate for(2)is desper

14、ate to pass【解析】主要考察 desperate的用法6. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的【教材原句】 Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finallystop smoking.如果你不得不要尝试几次才能最终停止吸烟，不要失望。【归纳拓展】disappointing adj.令人失望的；令人扫兴的be disappointed at/about sth.对.失望be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望be disappointed to do

15、因做失望be disappointed that 对失望to one ' s disappointment令人失望的是in disappointment = disappointedly 失望地例：It will be a great disappointment to me if I can' t find the suitcase.如果找不至U我的箱子，对我来说是个极大的失望。Dad seemed more disappointed than angry.与其说爸爸很生气，倒不如说他很失望。即学即练用disappoint的适当形式填空To our great, it rai

16、ned every day of the trip.(2)Your work is.(3)My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little that itdidn ' t last a tiny bit longer.(4)I always felt I was a to my father.(5)What he has done is really. Now his parents are disappointed with him.【答案】(1)disappointment(2)disappointing(3)

17、disappointed(4)disappointment(5)disappointing【解析】 主要考察 disappointed, disappointing, disappointment的辨析7. ashamed adj,感到惭愧或羞耻的(表语形容词 )【教材原句】If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。【归纳拓展】(1)be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth./sb./oneself为做某事/某人/某人自己而感到惭愧be ashamed to

18、do sth. 耻于做某事feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧(2)shame n,羞愧；羞耻；惭愧It ' s a shame that 二What a shame that 真让人遗憾What a shame!=It ' s a shame.=It ' s a pity. 真可惜！即学即练(1)He hisfailure.他对自己的失败感到惭愧。(2)I haveto trouble you.真不好意思，我得要麻烦你。(3)He hehad made somecareless mistakes.他很惭愧犯了些粗心的错误。(4)I behave

19、d badly yesterday and I now.我昨天表现得不好，现在感到很惭愧。(5)He having spoken so cruelly.他为说得如此残忍而感到羞愧。【答案】is ashamed of(2)am quite ashamed to(3)was ashamed that(4)am ashamed (of myself)(5)felt ashamed for【解析】主要考察 ashamed的用法【明辨异同】ashamed 与 shamefulashamed意为“感到羞耻，觉得惭愧，不好意思”，表示主语主观认为是可耻的，通常作表shameful表示事物本身的客观性质是“可

20、耻的”，通常作定语。如：He was ashamed of being unable to answer the question.他因为不能回答那个问题而感到羞愧。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的钱是可耻的行为。即学即练单项选择You should be of your conduct.A. shameful ; ashamed B. ashamed ; shamefulC. shame ; shameful D. ashamed ; ashamed(2)I was ashamed lied to my mot

21、her.A. to be B. of having C. that D. of being【解析】【答案】B【解析】句意；你应该为你可耻的行为感到羞耻口raslianied of为而感到惭愧宁由皿曲!未示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的"，鲂皿icfiilgHdiKt可耻的行为”故选&(2)【答案】B【解析】句意：我向母亲撒了谎，我感到很惭愧。A项虽有be ashamed to do 形式，但后面是lied ,所以应排除；同样排除C和D；考查的是 be ashamed of having done 结构。8. risk n.冒险；风险；危险； vt.冒的风险【教材原句】He fe

22、lt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.他觉得他必须在每一步都下定决心，而不是冒险。【归纳拓展】at risk处于危险之中at all risks=at any risk无论冒什么险；无论如何at one ' s own risk 由自己负责，自担风险at the risk of doing sth.冒着的危险risk one ' s life 冒生命危险run/take a risk/risks 冒风险run the risk of doing sth.冒着的风险risk doin

23、g sth. 冒险做即学即练All passengers riding in cars are required to fasten their seatbelts in order toof injury in case of an accident.所有乘客乘坐汽车都必须系好安全带以减少在事故中受伤的风险。(2)According to studies, loneliness can of older people dying earlydue to its harmful effects on health.根据研究，寂寞会增加老年人提早死亡的风险，因为它对健康有不良的影响。(3)If

24、you don ' t obey me, you should be.你如果不服从我的话，你应该自担风险。(4)He risked his job to see me off.他冒着失去工作的风险给我送行。(5)He saved the child losing his own life.他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出。(6)The future of the company was.这个公司的前途堪忧。【答案】reduce the risk(2)increase the risk(3)at your own risk(4)losing(5)at the risk of(6)at ri

25、sk【解析】主要考察risk的用法9. judgement n.看法；判决；判断【教材原句】 Before you read this text, what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?在阅读这篇课文之前，你对感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？【归纳拓展】in one ' s judgement 在某人看来 pass judgement on 作出裁决即学即练(1)He the guilty man.他对那个罪犯作出了裁决。(2)Her decision seems to show a lack of.她的决定似乎显

26、示出缺乏政治判断力。(3), we should accept their apology.依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。【答案】passed judgement on(2)political judgement(3)In my judgement【解析】主要考察judgement的用法10. awkward adj.局促不安的；笨拙的【教材原句】 Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.然后她递给我一支烟，我感到非常尴尬与不安。例：(1)The heavy ax was awkward to

27、 use.这把重斧头不好用。(2)Your refusal puts me in an awkward position.你的拒绝让我感到十分为难。(3)At the formal party, I felt very awkward and out of place.在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。(4)Mary, who was a very shy girl, felt awkward when she couldn ' t answer the teachers questions.玛丽是一个非常害羞的女孩，当回答不出老师的问题时，她就会觉得局促不安/二、重点短语细解

28、 1. due to 由于【教材原句】I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.我认为我的长寿和积极的生活必须归功于我过的健康生活。【归纳拓展】due adj.欠款的；到期的；应付(给)的；预定的；预定要到达或发生的be due to do sth.预期做某事be due to sth./doing sth./sb.归因于某事/归因于做某事/欠某人be due for sth. 应有；应得到例：The bill is due. 这张票据已到期。The meeting isn ' t du

29、e to start until four.会议预定要至U 四点才召开。The guests are due to arrive very soon.客人彳艮快就会至U。Due to the heavy rainfall, many roads leading to the downtown area were blocked, andmany people could not get to school or work.由于大雨的缘故， 许多通往市中心带的道路都受阻，使得许多人都无法上课上班。即学即练The old man said that the accident careless dr

30、iving, so a lot of moneybe paid by the driver.A. was due to ; was due toB. dued to; was due toC. is due to ; was due toD. is dued to; was due to【答案】A【解析】句意：这位老人说事故是由于粗心驾喂？所以司机应该支付大军的钱. bed陵m如一归因于某事,be due to do stt.预期做某事故选A"(2)The sports meet, originally be held last Friday, was finally delayed

31、because of the bad weather.A. due toB. thanks toC. owing toD. according to【答案】A【解析】句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会由于天气不好而推迟了。due to可以表示“预定的；预定要到达或发生的"，故选Ao(3)The great success of this programme has been largely the support givenby the 10 local business men.A. instead ofB. thanks toC. due toD. as aconsequence【

32、答案】C【解析】instead U灯而不是"s tha&to "因为，多亏了 ”常匿于句苜5.a Gonsequemce "结果I不用 作表语6 due tni归功于句意：这个顶目的巨大成功主要归功于当地1。位商界人士所提供的支持.故 选Co2. feel like (doing)想要(彳)【教材原句】Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that youare a non-smoker.每当你想抽烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你是不抽烟的人了。【归纳拓展】feel like

33、(doing)sth. 作“想要(做)某事“讲，其否定形式为 feel like not doing 或don' t/didn ' t/doesn ' t feel like doing 。有关feel的短语feel like doing 想要做feel sorry for 为感到难过，遗憾feel at home感到自在；不拘束feel oneself心情好；感觉健康feel one ' s way 摸索着前进例：She doesn ' t feel like going to school any more.(或 She feels like not

34、 going to我不能干等着他school any more.)她不再喜欢去上学了。(2)I don ' t feel like waiting around for him to make up his mind.拿主意。即学即练(1)I don ' t( 心情好)today.(2)I(摸索着前进)in the dark.(3)I hope you( 不要拘束)here.(4)Lydia doesn ' t feel like(到国外学习).Her parents are old.【答案】feel myself(2)felt my way(3)feel at home(4)studying abroad【解析】主要考察feel相关短语的用法3. in spite of 不顾；不管【教材原句】In spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管他努力了，但还是失败了。【归纳拓展】(I血整港犹(不顾不管其后按名词或名词性