英文文献及翻译：基于互联网的可靠性信息系统

1、基于互联网的可靠性信息系统摘 要 论文主要讨论的是信息可靠性系统随着广域网和服务器构造的发展。对系统中现有客户和服务器进行修正改造来执行HTTP任务和高级制图分析。同时，文章还对全球信息网的技术背景和关系，以及,客户机/服务器系统做了解释分析。藉由系统开发，设计工程师和可信度分析家可以更为方便快捷地对系统的可靠性进行分析。 关键字：信息系统，WWW，客户机/服务器结构，可靠性1.引言 信息系统有广泛的实际应用性，它还可以对决定性策略做出有用判断。一般认为，信息系统是构建在某一特定组织结构模型数据流程。在可靠性工程学中，研究员在存取和数据分析方面会有一些困难.系统开发过程中积累的多数数据都是从可

2、靠性分析家那里获取的。在成份数据中, 计算机每个成份的故障率时，特定应用数据 ( 举例来说,应用的重要程度，功能引脚的数字,等等.)对于系统开发者的设计来讲都是很重要的。 在组织机构中，客户端/服务器结构被视为整合计算机数据的好方法。与传统集中计算机环境相比，在客户端/服务器环境下，用户共享数据、应用、处理进程都更加容易1。平衡工作的能力取决于应用是客户端/服务器系统的重要角色。互联网发展成为了支持交互式数据显示及分发的传输手段。互联网在客户端与服务器交互信息的标准化方面获得了巨大成功。同样，在发展客户端与服务器软件或网络协议时，如果没有要求特殊资源，基于互联网的系统可以迅速被创造。在本章，我

3、们阐述了基于互联网和客户端/服务器技术的可靠性信息系统的实现。第二章概述了客户端/服务器计算的互联网响应。第三章介绍了可靠性信息系统的实现细节，并在第四章进行了进一步的研究总结和讨论。2.互联网和客户端/服务器结构 客户机/服务器结构的关系可以说是两个进程合作运行一些任务。它支持信息系统的完整性和可扩充性2。Lyu(1995)论证了客户端/服务器结构的四项优势：成本降低、生产率提高、系统生命周期较长以及更好的可用性。因此，客户端/服务器系统结构被认为是一个可行的信息系统结构。随着互联网的发展，实现客户端/服务器结构的最简单的方法，就是在客户端软件的任务不过是显示及格式化从服务器取得的信息时使用

4、网络浏览器。很多书目检索系统就是代表性的例子。在网络浏览器作为客户端存取一个已存在的客户端/服务器系统的平台时，只有一类系统代码（HTML和帮助代码）需要维护。但对于其他系统，客户端软件在执行代表服务器或用户的额外任务的时候，协调机制需要为基于网络浏览器的客户端运行这些工作。典型的解决办法是使用通用网关接口(CGI)程序。但由于种种原因，这一方法并不理想.。在一个基于CGI的系统中，所有通常由客户端处理的任务必须由CGI程序模拟。因此增加了服务器的负担。另一种从标准互联网浏览器获得客户端/服务器应用的方法是由Dossick和Kaiser发明的3。他们提出了一项以HTTP代理连接已存在的客户端/

5、服务器网络系统的计划。HTTP代理拦截HTTP数据请求，并使用原始设定把他们的请求转移向源系统。使用类似于Netscape的嵌入式APIs的浏览器专用工具创建客户端/服务器系统的基于浏览器的客户端是可行的。不过，使用这种APIs把产生的基于网络客户端软件的使用限制在了专用平台以及专用网络浏览器上。这种不必要的限制抵消了很多创建基于网络客户端的好处。3. 系统实施 电子电信研究所(ETRI)开发了叫做ERIS的可靠性信息系统。它可以使用计算机进行合成系统的失误率以及可靠性的计算4。ERIS的客户端程序包括由两个中立程序组成，他们处于不同的硬件平台：工作站以及个人电脑上。不熟悉UNIX环境的用户会

6、使用时会不方便。 需要特别指出的是可靠性软件工具是由Birolini提出的。为了成为对用户有用的软件，相对于其它要求，一个够大的数据库是非常重要的。在单机环境下，用户可以拥有独立的数据存储。这将浪费计算机的资源和时间。大多数现有工具都是独立的，用户之间共享数据非常不方便。基于上述在ERIS测试中收集的要求和意见，我们设定了以下元素：-友好的用户界面：人机界面对于有效处理大量数据是非常重要的。同时他对理解分析结果是非常有帮助的。-公开性：信息服务一定是被广泛使用的。开放性同样体现在终端客户的可靠性信息能够被此客户端使用的其他应用轻松获得。-数据共享：一旦部分数据进入DBMS，那么此数据应该可以被

7、其他用户分享。 -用户管理：用户信息存储能够有效处理增加的用户。 -安全性：安全设计必须被适当考虑，以防止设计数据被外界开启。只有拥有唯一正确的用户识别号码(ID)和密码的用户才能进入数据库服务器。基于上述要求，ERIS发展了以下功能。该系统分为以下两类：用户/数据库管理和可靠性分析。我们结合了连接互联网方法以及源客户端/服务器结构开发ERIS。网络浏览器在显示及格式化信息时能够被所有用户有效使用。网络浏览器使用的管理概念适用于ERIS。ERIS允许通过用户管理提出的网络浏览器申请。用户可以通过主页申请ERIS的使用ID。一旦他/她的ID在用户数据库注册，他/她能够在任何地方下载ERIS客户端

8、程序。 ERIS客户端程序的实现类似于Windows程序。他们通过利于服务器的原始客户端处理专用应用功能。他们拥有更好的易存储性及用户友好界面，为了合并可靠性学习，他们提供了一个好的查询给设计进程。服务器进程和客户端进程的联系，是符合TCP/IP协议的标准数据要求的。我提供了ERIS的互联网和客户端/服务器结构的组合结构。服务器拥有CGI和COM两个进程。CGI组件解决从客户端网络浏览器发出的HTTP请求并返回对应的结果。COM是管理数据请求的联系进程。有一个临时数据库过滤错误成分及用户信息。只有认证用户及信息数据才可以被注册。服务器是使用UNIX操作系统的工作站，客户端则是PC机。Infor

9、mix数据库管理系统用来管理用户及数据。服务器进程通过ESQL/C语言实现。客户端程序通过MS Visual C+及Delphi开发工具进行开发。4. 结论 ERIS是设计工程师和可信度分析家普遍采用的开发系统。通过结合互联网和继承客户端/服务器结构的概念，我们在设计引擎的范围，建立了可迅速理解的可靠性设计环境。通过使用互联网，分发安装工具的时间比以前减少了很多。ERIS同样可以通过互联网为其他组织提供服务。互联网的技术发展和流行化将激发传统基于互联网系统向客户端/服务器系统的转变。科技外文文献The Reliability of Internet-Based Information Syst

10、em Summary of papers focused on the reliability of the information system with the wide area network and server structure development. Existing customers of the system and an amendment to the transformation server HTTP task to perform analysis and advanced graphics. At the same time, the article is

11、also on the global information network and the technical background, as well as, client / server systems analysis explained. With systems development, design engineers and reliability analysts can more quickly and easily on an analysis of the reliability of the system. Keywords: information system,

12、WWW, client / server architecture, the reliability of 1. The introduction of information systems have a wide range of practical application, it can be useful for the judge to make a decisive strategy. Is generally believed that the information system is built on the model of the organizational struc

13、ture of a particular data flow. In reliability engineering, researchers in the access and data analysis will be some difficulties. The system development process is the accumulation of data from the majority of analysts to obtain the reliability. In the component data, computer failure rate for each

14、 component, the application-specific data (for example, the importance of the application, function of the number of pins, and so on.) Developers for the design of the system are very important in terms of . Institutions in the organization, client / server architecture has been integrated as a good

15、 way of computer data. With the traditional focus on the computer environment, the client / server environment, users share data, applications, are easier to deal with the process 1. Ability to work depends on the balance of the application of client / server system, an important role. Support the d

16、evelopment of the Internet as an interactive data display and distribution of the means of transmission. Internet client and server interaction in the standardization of information was a great success. Similarly, in the development of client and server software or network protocol, if not require s

17、pecial resources, Internet-based system can quickly create. In this chapter, we explained the Internet-based and client / server technology to achieve the reliability of information systems. Chapter II provides an overview of client / server computing in response to the Internet. Chapter III describ

18、es the reliability of information systems implementation details, and Chapter IV of further study were summarized and discussed. 2. Internet and client / server architecture Client / server structure of the relationship between the two processes can be said to be running a number of tasks in coopera

19、tion. It supports the integrity of information systems and scalability 2. Lyu (1995) demonstrated that the client / server structure of the four advantages: cost reduction, productivity improvement, system life cycle availability of a longer and better. Therefore, client / server system architecture

20、 is considered a viable structure of information systems. With the development of the Internet to achieve client / server structure of the simplest possible way out is the task of the client software is displayed and the format of the information obtained from the server using a web browser. Many bi

21、bliographic retrieval system is the typical example. In a web browser as a client access to an existing client / server platform, only a class of system code (HTML and help code) need to maintain. But for other systems, the client software on behalf of the server in the implementation of additional

22、tasks or users, the co-ordination mechanisms need a web browser-based client to run these jobs. A typical solution is to use the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) program. However, due to various reasons, this approach is not satisfactory. In a CGI-based system, all are usually handled by the client ta

23、sk must be simulated by the CGI program. Increase the burden on the server. Another from the standard Internet browser access to client / server applications is invented by the Dossick and Kaiser 3. They have put forward a HTTP proxy to connect to the existing client / server network system. HTTP pr

24、oxy to intercept HTTP requests for data and use the original set of requests for their transfer to the source system. The use of APIs is similar to Netscapes embedded browser-specific tools to create client / server system, browser-based client is feasible. However, the use of such APIs generated by

25、 the Web-based client software to limit the use of a proprietary platform, as well as a dedicated web browser. Unnecessary restrictions which offset a lot of clients to create Web-based benefits. 3. System Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) has developed ERIS is called the

26、reliability of information systems. It can be synthesized using a computer system failure rate and reliability of the calculation 4. ERIS clients include procedures by the two neutral components, they are different hardware platforms: workstations and personal computers. Not familiar with the UNIX e

27、nvironment, users will be inconvenient to use. Needs to be noted that the reliability of software tools made by Birolini. In order to become useful to the user software, as opposed to other requirements, a large enough database is very important. In stand-alone environment, the user can have an inde

28、pendent data storage. This will be a waste of computer resources and time. Most existing tools are independent, to share data between users inconvenient. Based on the above in the ERIS test requirements and the views collected, we set the following elements: - Friendly user interface: man-machine in

29、terface for the effective handling large amounts of data is very important. At the same time, his understanding of the results of the analysis is very helpful. - Openness: information services must be widely used. Open the same end-users in the reliability of the information can be used in the clien

30、t easy access to other applications. - Data sharing: Once part of the data into the DBMS, then this data should be shared by other users. - User Management: User information is stored can effectively deal with the increase in users. - Security: safe design must be appropriate to consider the design

31、data in order to prevent the outside world open. Only those with only the correct user identification number (ID) and password of the user to enter the database server. Based on the above-mentioned requirements, ERIS functions of the development of the following. The system is divided into the follo

32、wing two categories: user / database management and reliability analysis. We are a combination of methods to connect to the Internet as well as the source client / server structure of the development of ERIS. Web browser in the display and formatting information can be used effectively for all users

33、. Web browser management concepts used for ERIS. ERIS allows management through the users web browser application. Home users can apply for ERIS through the use of ID. Once his / her registration ID in the user database, he / she can be in any place to download the client program ERIS. ERISs the rea

34、lization of client similar to Windows program. Conducive to the server through the client to deal with the original function-specific applications. They have a better and easy to store a user-friendly interface, in order to merge the reliability of learning, provide them with a good query to the design process. Server process and client processes is in line with the TCP / IP protocol standard data requirements. ERIS provides me with Internet and client / server architecture of the composite structure. CGI and COM servers have two processes. CGI solution components from a web