英语语言学精品考研试题

1、Model Test 1I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%1. ( The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics.A. particular B. generalC.

2、 ordinary D. generative 2. ( _ can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language.A. Phones B. SoundsC. Phonemes D. Speech sounds 3. ( The two clauses in a _ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence. A. simple B. completeC. complex D. coordinate4. ( What is actua

3、lly internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a _ system of grammatical knowledge.A. phrase B. sentenceC. rule D. symbol5. ( “ I like this shirt very much. ” has _arguments.A. one B. twoC. three D. four6. ( If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication,

4、 it becomes _.A. a sentence B. an actC. a unit D. an utterance 7. ( _ involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments.A. Apocope B. Epenthesis C. Metathesis D. Assimilation 8. ( The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech co

5、mmunities and indifferent social situations.A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguistics D.general linguistics9. ( For_, thinking was a system of movements that had been reduced from actual speech to the point where they were no longer visible.A. Watson B. PlatoC. Aristotle D. B

6、loomfield 10. ( The meaning of a word or phrase depends largely on the communicative_.A. content B. contextC. response D. answerII. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE

7、 word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%11. Language is a system consisting of two s_ of structures, or two levels.12. English is an i_ language.13. The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word are called p_.14. Words and phrases are organized according to

8、 the syntactic c_.15. P_ structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phrases form sentences, and so on.16. P_ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effectsuccessful communication.17. Most of the violations of the four maxims give rise to c_ implic

9、atures.18. Many languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of f_.19. The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h_, one on the right and one on the left.20. When we listen, the word is heard and comprehended via W_ a

10、rea. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%21. ( In linguistics, as i

11、n any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation.22. ( Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.23. ( Distinctive features are the same to anylanguage.24. ( One of the clauses in a coordinate sentence is subordinate to the other.25. ( In Engl

12、ish and many other languages, the subject usually follows the verb and the direct object usually precedes the verb.26. ( Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s. 27. ( The most vigorous and on going change in the historical development of a language is

13、 the change in its vocabulary.28. ( A creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.29. ( Aristotle suggested that thought was the soul's discourse with itself.30 .( SLA stands for second language acquisition.IV. Directions: Expl

14、ain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%31. design features32. free morpheme33. synonymy34. predication35. slang36. Move 37. semantic shift38. speech community39. cerebral cortex40. overt thoughtV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20% 41. Why is

15、 productivity unique to language?42. How is Saussure's distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky's distinstion between competence and performance?Model Test 2I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the

16、 statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%1. ( A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. back B. centralC. front D. middle2. ( The open, back and long vowel is _.A. i:B. :C. :D. u:3. ( An embedded clause f

17、unctions as a _ unit in its matrix clause.A. structural B. grammatical C. lexical D. linear4. ( Phrase structure rules have _ properties.A. recursive B. grammaticalC. double D. many5. ( Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different _ dialects.A. personal B. regionalC. social D. professional6. (

18、_ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.A. Pragmatics B. Pragmatism C. Phonology D. Practicalism 7. ( Language change is universal, continuous and, to a considerable extent _.A. regular but not systematic B.irregular and systematicC. regular and

19、 systematic D. irregular but systematic8. ( To date, about _ language families have been documented in historical linguistic literature.A. thirty B. fortyC. fifty D. sixty9. ( Language disorder resulting from a damage to _ area in the brain reveals word- finding difficulties and problems with syntax

20、.A. Wernicke's B. Broca's C. Gage's D. Genie's10. ( The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.A. morphological B. grammaticalC. linguistic D. syntacticII. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of

21、 the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%11. IPA stands for International Phonetic A_. 12. The phonemic features that occur above the

22、level of the segments are called s_ features. 13. Semantically, the meaning of a c_ is often idiomatic, not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.14. Phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the l_, generate sentences at the level of D structure.15. In semantic analysis,

23、p_ is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.16. Linguistic forms having the same sense may havedifferent r_ in different situations. 17. C_ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.18. P_ studies language in relation to the mind. 19. Research has shown that different

24、aspects of language processing appear to be more characteristic of the l_ hemisphere than the other.20. The development of a first or native language is called first language a _. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the br

25、ackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%21. ( The writing system of any language is always a later invention, used to record the speech. 22. ( Both phonology and phonetics are studies of spee

26、ch sounds.23. ( The root of a word is the smallest meaningful unit of language.24. ( Some languages have ways of referring to some entity, some languages don't.25. ( Reference is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in.26. ( A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal

27、meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.27. ( Historical linguistics studies language change.28. ( SAE stands for Standard American English. 29. ( The language system provides all specifics of one's world view.30. ( A large proportion of grammatical errors in second language acquisiti

28、on can be explained by mother tongue interference.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%31. narrow transcription32. simple sentence33. hyponymy34. compounding35. euphemism36. morpheme37. reference38. context39. creole40. subvocal spee

29、chV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%41. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?42. Why is syntax regarded as a system of rules?Model Test 3I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best compl

30、etes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%1. ( A scientific study of language is based on the _ investigation of language data. A. symbolic B. systemicC. systematic D. system2. ( _ are sometimes called “ semivowels ” . A. vowels B. fricativeC. glides D. nasal

31、s3. ( _ is a typical tone language.A. English B. ChineseC. French D. American English 4. ( A sentence is considered _ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. right B. wrongC. grammatical D. ungrammatical 5. ( The number of the lexical items in the minor lexica

32、l categories is _ and no new members are allowed for.A. large B. smallC. limitless D. fixed6. ( In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol or form refers to the linguistic elements, ie, _.A. things and referent B. thought and referenceC. views and ideas D. words, phrases7. ( All the utterances tha

33、t can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _ form.A. syntactic B. semanticC. grammatical D. pragmatic8. ( There is a gradation of _ ranging along a continuum between two extremes of very formal and very informal.A. dialect B. registerC. variation D. slang9. ( Human beings are the only

34、 species that learns and acquires language_ explicit instruction.A. with B. withoutC. within D. through10. ( In their first language acquisition, childrendeveloped into the _stage after the two word stage.A. third B. fourthC. fifth D. multiwordII. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the follow

35、ing statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%11. Human capacity for language has a g_ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learne

36、d.12. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_.13. P_ is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language.14. F_ morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves. 15. In a tree diagram, the points

37、 at which the tree branches at various levels are called b_ nodes.16. According to the n_ theory of meaning, thewords in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.17. B_ is a process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.18. The deletion of a word-final vowel

38、segment is called a_.19. A tragedy occurred to Phineas G_ about one hundred and fifty years ago.20. Children's language development starts from the p_ cooing and babbling stage. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the

39、brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%21. ( Language is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings. 22. ( A synchronic study of language is a historical

40、 study.23. ( The structure of words is not governed by rules. 24. ( It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentencesat the level of S-structure.25. ( Complete synonyms are rare in language. 26. ( There are four maxims under the Cooperative Principle.2

41、7. ( Epenthesis is a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to the middle of a word.28. ( When people of a community speak two different regional or national dialects for different purposes, diglossia and bilingualism emerge. 29. ( Wernicke's work strengthened Broca&#

42、39;s claim that left hemispheric structures are essential for speech.30. ( Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%31. broad transcription32. bound morpheme33. perloc

43、utionary act34. clipping35. fossilization36. duality37. sense38. back-formation39. language planning40. acquisitionV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%41. What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammer?42. What is a free morpheme? What is a bound morpheme? And how are

44、 they different from each other?Model Test 4I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%1. ( According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract lin

45、guistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. language2. ( Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the _ properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues.A. oral B. mentalC. physical D. recorded 3. ( Natural languages are viewed to vary a

46、ccording to _ set on UG principles to particular values.A. principles B. rules C. parameters D.theories4 .( In the following four choices, _ is apair of homophone.A. sight and site B. lead (n. and lead (v.C. wind (n. and wind (v. D. blue and blown5. ( Sense and reference are two related _ different

47、aspects of meaning.A. but B. and C. or D. as well as6. ( The superordinate term of the group of words “ love, anger, happiness, sadness,fear, emotion” is _.A. fear B. anger C. love D. emotion 7. ( “ I beg you not to say anything like that to Mary. ” is a _.A. representative B. directiveC. commissive

48、 D. declaration8. ( Semantic _ is a process in which a word loses its former meaning and requires a new, sometimes related, meaning.A. broadening B. shiftC. narrowing D. change9. ( A _ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic bac

49、kgrounds. A. lingua franca B. pidginC. creole D.national language10. ( Linguistic _ is the brain's neurological specialization for language.A. determinism B. relativismC. competence D. lateralizationII. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first l

50、etter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%11. An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutuallyintelligible. This is a case of c_ transmiss

51、ion.12. C_ distribution means that the allophones of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments.13. Affixes like “ im-” , “ il-” , “ un-” , “ -tion ” , “ -or ” , “ -hood ” , are called d_ affixes. 14. The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequal status, one s_ the other.1

52、5. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called s_ features.16. The various meanings of a p_ word are related to some degree.17. M_ English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in England in 1066.18. C_ may ta

53、ke place in a conversation when one speaker uses one language and the other speaker answers in a different language.19. For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious i_ on the part of adults. 20. The preschool years are a c_ period for fir

54、st language acquisition. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%21. (

55、Language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages.22. ( Phonology is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world's languages. 23. ( Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two k

56、inds of stress: word stress and sentence stress.24. ( WH movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.25. ( The superordinate term is more general in meaning than its hyponyms.26. ( Semantic shift is the same as semantic change. 27. ( From a sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety of a language.28. ( Psycholinguistics is viewed as the intersectionof psychology and linguis