中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨打印

1、-中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨一、中考英语阅读题目的考察类型和解题技巧 中考英语阅读题目主要有以下四种类型,现将每一种类型的考察要点和解题技巧分析如下：1.主旨题 To find out the main idea) 其目的是考察对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。*解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为：1.Which is the best title of this passage?2.The main idea of this passage is_3.The passage mainly tells us

2、：_例题1Happiness is for everyoneIn fact,happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into itHappiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heartWhich of the following is this passage about?A.Bad luck  B. Good luck  C. Happiness  D.Life答案为C例题2Its so crowded in Flori

3、da! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes.The paragraph mainly tells us:   A. Its so crowded in Florida.   B. We had to wait a long time .(答案为A)2. 细节题( To look for details) 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，表达中心思想的，往往针对短文*个细节来设题。*解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进展对照。例题1：Peter start

4、ed playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old  in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977.How many years did Peter play football?_(答案为29 years.抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)细节题中的难点常为此类问题：Which of the following is True/No

5、t True?这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进展判断。选项之间没有联系。*解题技巧为：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于3道。例题2It seems that everybody tells lieswell, not big lies, but what we call “white lies .Telling white lies isn't that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.(    )Whi

6、ch of the following is not True?A. White lies are not big lies.   B. In fact, everybody tells lies .   C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship.   D. White lies are harmful to friendship. 答案为D. 答题时要求对每个选项进展回读确认信息，然后判断。3. 推断题 To infer a conclusion) 推断题就是根据*个事实推断

7、结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。*解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。常见题式：1From the passage we know that_2From the passage we can infer(推断that_ 注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。如：The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her.(  )From this sentence know_.A. my sister didn't like this medici

8、ne   B. my sister took the medicine     C. the medicine made my sister sick  D. my sister got better now 答案为B. 根据后半句的but it did nothing to her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。4.猜测词义题( To guess the meaning) 猜测词义题主要考察根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。常见题式如下：1The word “ in

9、 the passage probably means_.2What does the word “mean_.3The underlined(划线的) word means_例题3Besides the usual classrooms and laboatories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, borts, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters.The underlined word means

10、 _.A.教师B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程二、书面答复以下问题的特点和解题误区 书面答复以下问题在设置问题时通常针对文中的5W和How即who, when, where, what, why,和how(how long, how far, how fast)。根本属于细节题，能在原文中找到。通常最后一个问题属于开放性题目。做这种题目时，必须看懂有关容及前因后果，因为开放性题目的答案可以有许多，只要言之有理，都能得分。书面答复以下问题时，必须指导学生了解不同问题类型的答复方式，如一般疑问句用yes/no答复，选择疑问句不能用yes/no答复等。在书面答复时还要注意文字的书写，意思表述的简单

11、明了，单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的人称、时态、语态等。在平时教学中，经常发现学生能看懂文章，也能正确地找出原文中的句子，但在书面答复时却出错，这是很可惜的。现在我来分析一下答复以下问题存在的几个误区和产生的原因，期望通过分析后能帮助学生提高答复以下问题的得分率。答复以下问题解题误区1: 答复不完整例1. Where do the writer and his grandpa go every Saturday?答复：The nursing home. (文中原句为：Every Saturday, Grandpa and I walk to the nursing home to )正确答

12、案为：To the nursing home例2. Where was the e*hibition held?答复：A hall.(文中原句为:He hired(租用) a hall.)正确答案为：In a hall*解题技巧点拨: Where =介词+地方例3. How many sheep are ing?答复：Two hundred. (文中原句为: There were about two hundred sheep ing towards us down the hill.)*解题技巧点拨: 数字前的修饰词，如more than, less than, almost, nearly

13、, about等一定不能忘例4. How long has he stayed in Beijing?答复：Ten days. 正确答案为：For ten days比照：5. How long did it take Mr. Smith to reach the ground floor one morning?答复：For almost 10 minutes.(文中原句为:All this took him almost 10 minutes.) 正确答案为：Almost 10 minutes.*解题技巧点拨: How long 应用“for+一段时间 来答复，但在“it takes sb.

14、 some time to do sth. 这个句型中是没有for的。答复以下问题解题误区2:时态错误例1. What did you think of the holiday?答复：Its terrible.   正确答案为：It was terrible.例2What do you think of Tom?(故事发生在过去)答复：He is kind.    正确答案为：He was kind.*解题技巧点拨: 答复以下问题时看清楚问题的时态是很重要的。答复以下问题解题误区3:句法人称错误例1. What did Robert and J

15、ohn want James to do? (文中原句为: “ What you have to do is to give us the car keys. Robert and Adam said to James.)答复：They wanted to give us the car keys.正确答复：They wanted James/him to give them the car keys.*解题技巧点拨: : 人称转换是答复以下问题中容易无视的环节。六、提高阅读能力的其他必备条件 阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，除了掌握一定的阅读技巧之外，词汇量起着决定性的作用。因此，我们要不断

16、扩大词汇量，学会利用词缀来猜测词义。另外，我们还要扩大知识面，增加背景知识。背景知识材料多样，包括天文地理、风土人情、政治历史、人物传略、科学技术等等。一旦对文章有了背景知识，就会提高我们对文章的理解能力。词汇题解题技巧词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考察容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _. What is the meaning of ?The word “colonies (Line 2,

17、 Para.4) refers to _. The statement “The business of America is business probably means “_. The phrase “puts it down to (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_. By “white elephant the author refers to _.实例讲解：原文：This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.题目：6

18、0. “Shadowland in the last sentence refers to_ .A) the wonderland one often dreams aboutB) the bright future that one is looking forward toC) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reachedD) a world that e*ists only in one's imagination此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在

19、那里生活，这暗含了“那里不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，应选择C项。考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子部找答案。下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。第一，针对性解释。针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，因而，借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的方法。这1根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所

20、解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学。2.根据复述猜测词义1) 同位语Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进展研究的学科。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学。2) 定语从句Krabacbe

21、r suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症。3. 根据举例猜测词义例如：There is little furn

22、iture in the room. For e*ample, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fan. There is even no desk in it. There is only a bed and a chair and piles of books on the floor.可通过下文的列举，猜出furniture是“家具。 第二，在逻辑关系。1. 根据比照关系猜测词义。例如：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast

23、, is quite humble and modest.该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast，相对照的，相比照的可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest谦卑又谦虚是比照关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的。2. 根据比较关系猜测词义例如：Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly说明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的

24、比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的。3. 根据因果关系猜测词义例如：Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根据原因状语从句的容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的。4. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义为使自己的意思表达得更清楚，作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。例如：1.Mother was tall, fat andmiddle -aged. The princip

25、al of theschool was an old woman, almost asplump as mother, and much shorter.作者把学校校长和他的母亲相比，母亲是胖的，根据as.as构造可推知plump和fat为近义词，也是肥胖之意。2.All the members are of thesame opinions. They are unanimous.用the same opinion 理解unanimous，意思为“一致同意的。同义词或近义词标志词有or,like, as.as, the same as 等，可根据词推断出生词词义。第三，外部相关因素。运用生活

26、经历和普通常识确定词义。例如：Husband：its really cold out tonight.Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?根据生活经历，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的。 第四，构词法知识。1. 根据前缀猜测词义。例如：He fell into a ditch沟 and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious清醒的，有意识的，结合前缀semi半，局部的，不完全的，我们便可猜出

27、semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的。 2. 根据后缀猜测词义例如：Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀-cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂，结合大家熟悉的词根insect昆虫，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂。3. 根据复合词的各局部猜测词义 例如：Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull公牛和fight打，搏斗结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动斗牛。英语阅读中词义猜测的方法和技巧一、巧借生词本身在英语文章中，一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解，对它们可就词论词，不必猜测

28、词义。例如：1.The largest spider in the worldis the goliathtarantula. 由下文知thegoliathtarantula 是世界上最大的蜘蛛的名字，至于汉语怎么说则不必深究，不妨直接称之为the goliathtarantula。2.Held on a farm, the Glastonburyfestival is the most well -known andpopular in the United Kingdom. 由festival可知Glastonbury只是英国一个节日的名称而已。对于类似表示专有事物名称的词，阅读时只需了解

29、它是哪类事物即可，不必翻译。再如：Naruto is astory about.，只需知道Naruto是一个故事即可；从Cooper, an Americangeologist地质学家中可知Cooper是一个地质学家的名字。二、巧用上下文信息在阅读中，可根据上下文的语境暗示，运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。例如：1He is a resolute man. Once hesets up a goal, he will not give upeasily. 作者用含有once引导的主从复合句，描述了“他的个性：一旦树立目标， 就不会放弃。因此可推出resolute应为“坚决的， 有决心的之意。2Th

30、e female女性的mosquito蚊子 is avampireand lives on blood. 从下文lives on blood可知vampire 词义为“吸血昆虫。三、利用同义词或近义词为使自己的意思表达得更清楚，作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。例如：1.Be punctual when you are going to a party. Never be late.文中punctual一词的含义，可通过上下文间的逻辑关系判定late为其反义词，既而猜出其意为“准时的。2.All the members are of thesame opinions. They are u

31、nanimous.用the same opinion 理解unanimous，意思为“一致同意的。同义词或近义词标志词有or,like, as.as, the same as 等，可根据词推断出生词词义。3.You must stop dreaming and face reality.通过上文的dreaming，可以猜出reality是“现实。4.I like making friends with anybody. I hate making opponents.通过上文的friends，可以猜出opponents是“敌人，对手。四、运用定义或释义阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。为帮助读者理

32、解，作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其涵。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。因而，借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的方法。用来表示定义或释义的提示语有：mean, refer to, be defined as, bedescribed as, be known as, be called, that is, that is to say即; 就是; 换句话说; 更确切地说, namely即，也就是; 换句话说; 亦即; 就是说, or, similarly类似地, in other words换句话说; 就是说。要让学生熟知这些提

33、示语，为以后推测词义奠定根底。例如：1.The enemy soldiers surrendered,that is, threw their weapons武器and walked out with their hands above their heads. 短语that is后面就是对surrendered 的释义：扔出武器，双手举过头顶走出来。可知，surrender是“投降之意。2.The word ecology means thestudy of the relationship between livingthings and their surroundings. 根据动词m

34、eans给出的含义，可推知ecology为“生态学。五、巧用构词法阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义。通过分析词缀及词根，不仅可猜测单词含义，还有利于扩大词汇量。例如：1.They overestimate the interviewersability and asked him many difficultquestions.词缀over的意思为“过分，而estimate意为“估计。因此可推测overestimate意为“过高估计。2.Take out all removable parts andwash them with warm water. “removable一

35、词由词根move+前缀re+ 后缀able 构成，可推知意为“可移动的，可拆装的。教学中要让学生掌握一些常见词缀及含义。如：形容词后缀有-ful, -less, -y, -ing,-able等；名词后缀有- or, - er, - tion, - ist,- th, -ment, -age, -ness等；构成反义词的前缀有un-, dis-. in-,im-, ir-, non-等。有特定意义的词缀有re- 重新，再，co-合作的，anti-反对的，over-过高的，micro-微型的，fore-超前的，inter-国际的,相互的，pre-先前的,提前的，super-超级的，tele-远等。

36、六、巧借标点符号有时为了让读者更清楚文中*个词或短语的含义，作者经常借助标点符号 如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等直接为生词提供定义或解释。例如：1.In Russia if we give flowers as apresent, we have to give an odd numberof them one, three, five, etc becauseeven number of flowers two, four, si*,etcare for funerals.通过括号里的例子可知odd number为奇数, even number为偶数。2.One of the tourists

37、 has just beenbluejackedsecretly sent a test messageusing short-range wireless technologycalled bluetooth. 通过破折号后面的容可知bluejack的意思是“运用蓝牙这种短程天线技术秘密发送手机短信。七、妙用比照词在文章中， 作者有时会运用一些相互对应、互为反义的词语，使不同事物的特点更为突出。我们可以通过上下文的逻辑关系， 透过两种事物或现象的比照描述， 从其中一个熟悉的词反推出生词词义。例如：1.Most of us agreed, however, Billdissented.大局部人

38、同意，从however 一词可推知dissent 意思为“不同意。2.Her voice was usually soft andsweet, but now it is hoarse.她现在的状况与过去相比照，过去她的声音是softand sweet, 则现在就是hoarse沙哑的了。表示比照、转折的标志词通常有yet, but, however, otherwise否则, even though即使, unlike不像, instead相反；替代；而不是, ratherthan而不是, on the other hand在另一方面, on the contrary相反等。八、找准信号词通常

39、情况下，*些单词或短语所引出的容可起到解释说明的作用，能助我们理解生词含义。此类信号词有：for e*ample, for instance, suchas例如, namely即, and, like像, especially特别，尤其,include, consist of包括等。1.ManyUnited Nations employees雇员；职工are polyglots,Mrs.White,for e*ample,speaks five languages.根据for e*ample后面的例证不难猜出polyglot是“会说多种语言的人。2.But, on the other hand