必修5第一单元词汇学习PPT

1、 Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟大的科学家 Words and Expressions 1. characteristic: n. 特征特征;特性特性; 特点特点;品质品质 The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. 2.radium: 镭镭 元素符号：元素符号：Ra 原子量：原子量：226 发现人：居里夫妇发现人：居里夫妇 镭是一种具有很强的放射性的镭是一种具有很强的放射性的元素元素并能不断放并能不断放出大量的热。可用来治疗癌症。此外，还用来探出大量的热。可用来治疗癌症。此外，还用来探

2、测石油资源、岩石组成等。是原子弹的材料之一。测石油资源、岩石组成等。是原子弹的材料之一。Madame CuriepainterThe man is a painter.3. painter: n.画家画家; 油漆匠油漆匠 paint: n. 油漆油漆;涂料涂料;颜料颜料 v. 给什么上漆；画给什么上漆；画 painting: n. 油画油画;水彩画水彩画Xu Beihong was a famous Chinese painter. 4. put forward: 提出提出;把把提前提前 bring up: 提出提出;培养培养 put up: 提出提出;提升提升;建造建造;张贴张贴 1)He

3、put forward a new plan at the meeting yesterday. 2)Weve put forward our wedding by one week. 5. scientific: 科学的科学的 science: n. 科学科学 scientist: 科学家科学家 We must do scientific research on this kind of disease.6. conclude: v. 结论结论;推断出推断出;结束结束 conclusion: n. 结论结论;结束结束 draw/reach/come to a conclusion: 得出结论

4、得出结论 concludefrom: 从从推断出推断出 1)What can you conclude from the passage? 2)The war concluded/ended in 1945.7. analyse/analyze: v. 分析分析8. infect: v. 传染传染;感染感染 infectious: 传染的传染的 1)All the people are infected with HIV. 2)The wound soon became/got infected. 3)Flu is highly infectious.9. cholera: 霍乱霍乱 霍乱霍乱

5、是一种烈性肠道传染病，两种甲是一种烈性肠道传染病，两种甲类传染病之一，由霍乱弧菌污染水和食类传染病之一，由霍乱弧菌污染水和食物而引起传播。临床上以起病急骤、剧物而引起传播。临床上以起病急骤、剧烈泻吐、排泄大量米泔水样肠内容物、烈泻吐、排泄大量米泔水样肠内容物、脱水、肌痉挛少尿和无尿为特征。严重脱水、肌痉挛少尿和无尿为特征。严重者可因休克、尿毒症或酸中毒而死亡。者可因休克、尿毒症或酸中毒而死亡。在医疗水平低下和治疗措施不力的情况在医疗水平低下和治疗措施不力的情况下，病死率甚高。下，病死率甚高。托马斯托马斯阿尔瓦阿尔瓦爱迪生爱迪生 举世闻名的美国电学家，科举世闻名的美国电学家，科学家和发明家，被誉

6、为学家和发明家，被誉为“世世界发明大王界发明大王”。他除了在留。他除了在留声机、电灯、电报、电影、声机、电灯、电报、电影、电话等方面的发明和贡献以电话等方面的发明和贡献以外，在矿业、建筑业、化工外，在矿业、建筑业、化工等领域也有不少著名的创造等领域也有不少著名的创造和真知灼见。和真知灼见。1931年年10月月18日，爱迪生在西奥伦治逝日，爱迪生在西奥伦治逝世，终年世，终年84岁，岁，1931年年10月月21日，全美国熄灯以示哀日，全美国熄灯以示哀悼。悼。10. defeat: v. 打败打败;战胜战胜;使受挫使受挫 n. 失败失败 win: v. 获胜获胜; 赢得赢得 n. 胜利胜利 1)Af

7、ter a long campaign, the Chinese people defeated the Japanese. 2)They finally had to admit defeat. 11. expert: adj. 熟练的熟练的;经验经验/知识丰富的知识丰富的 n. 专家专家;行家行家(specialist) be expert at/in (doing) sth: (做做)熟练熟练/经验丰富经验丰富1)The boy is a computer expert.2)She is an expert in/on/at cooking.3)I am expert at/in pla

8、ying computer game.12. attend: v. 照料照料;护理护理;出席出席;参加参加 attend to sb：照料照料;护理某人护理某人 attend to sth: 处理处理; 对付对付;专心于专心于 take (good) care of = look after: 照料照料1)Who will attend the meeting?2)Your duty is to attend to the queen.3)I have some business(事情事情) to attend to.physician13. physician: n. 医生医生;内科医师内科

9、医师 doctor:医生医生 physical: 身体的；物理的身体的；物理的 physical exercise 身体锻炼身体锻炼 physics: 物理学物理学 physicist: 物理学家物理学家 14. expose: v. 暴露暴露;揭露揭露;使曝光使曝光 exposeto: 使显露使显露/暴露暴露 1)She has exposed her fears. 2)I must expose his trick. 3)Stay in the room and dont expose your skin to the sun.15. deadly: adj.致命的致命的 dead: ad

10、j. 死的死的 die: v. 死亡死亡;灭亡灭亡 death: n. 死死;死亡死亡;毁灭毁灭 1)This is a deadly disease. 2)The accident caused 178 deaths. 3)My grandparents are dead. 4)Her daughter died in 1997. 16. cure: n. 治疗治疗;痊愈痊愈 v. 治愈治愈;治疗治疗 treat: v. 治疗治疗;医治医治;对待对待;招待招待 1)The medicine can cure lung cancer. 2)There is still no cure for

11、some cancers.17. outbreak: n. 爆发爆发; ;发作发作( (疾病疾病/ /战争等战争等) ) break out: . (战争战争/火灾火灾/疾病等疾病等)爆发爆发 1)Do you know the outbreak of the war?2)The Second World War broke out in 1939.18. challenge: n. 挑战挑战 v. 向向挑战挑战 1)They must meet the challenge of new technology. (迎接挑战迎接挑战) 2) She does not like anyone ch

12、allenging her authority.victim19. victim: n. 受害者受害者 The Chinese people were the victims of the war.20. absorb: v. 吸引吸引;吸收吸收;使专心使专心 be absorbed in: 专心于专心于 1)Plants will absorb water. 2)I was absorbed in the novel at that time. 21. suspect: v. 认为认为;怀疑怀疑 (suspect sb of doing sth) n. 嫌疑犯嫌疑犯;被怀疑者被怀疑者 1)H

13、e suspected me of stealing his car. 2)She is a murder suspect.22. enquiry/inquiry: n. 询问询问;调查调查 enquiry office = enquiries (UK) = information desk (US): 问讯处问讯处;服务台服务台 require: v. 要求要求v The leader ordered an enquiry into/ about the case.23. neighbo(u)rhood: n. 附近附近;邻近邻近; 街道街道;住宅区住宅区 neighbo(u)r: n. 邻

14、居邻居 1)They grew up in the same neighborhood. 2)We searched the neighborhood for the lost girl.24. severe: 严重的严重的;剧烈的剧烈的;严厉的严厉的 1)Her cough is severe. 2)She is a severe/strict teacher.25. clue: n. 线索线索;提示提示 1)I had/found some clues to the murder. 2)Can you give me a clue?26. pump: n. 泵泵; 抽水机抽水机 v. (用

15、泵用泵)抽水抽水I will pump some water out of the well.27. Cambridge Street: 剑桥大街剑桥大街28. foresee(foresaw/foreseen): v. 预见预见;预知预知 1)We didnt foresee the trouble last month . 2)I foresaw that you would win the match.29. investigate: v. 调查调查 investigation: n. 调查调查 1)I will investigate the crime. 2)He has compl

16、eted his investigation into the case.30. blame: v. 责备责备;谴责谴责 n. 过失过失;责备责备 be to blame for 对对负责任负责任 take the blame for: 对对承担责任承担责任1)You shouldnt blame the girl.2)The driver is to blame for the accident.3)He blamed the teachers for his failure. 4)She should be the woman to blame. 她是应该被责怪的人。她是应该被责怪的人。

17、The river has been heavily polluted.31. pollute: v. 污染污染;弄脏弄脏 pollution: n. 污染污染 The river has been heavily polluted.32. handle: v. 处理处理;操纵操纵;对待对待 n. 柄柄;把手把手 1)We will handle the matter later. 2)The nurse doesnt know how to handle the patients.33. germ: n. 微生物微生物;细菌细菌;病菌病菌 virus:病毒病毒 The drug can ki

18、ll the germs.34. link: v./n. 连接连接;联系联系 linkto/with: 将将和和联系联系/连接起来连接起来 1)This railway links all the cities in Japan. 2)I want to link the TV to the computer. 3)The police think that there may be a link between the two cases.35. announce: v. 宣布宣布;通告通告;通知通知 announcement: n. 1)They will announce their p

19、lan this afternoon.2)She announced that she had given up smoking.36. certainty: n. 确信确信;确实确实 certain: adj. 确定的确定的;肯定的肯定的 certainly: adv. 肯定肯定;确定确定;当然当然 1)Your failure now seems a certainty. 2)I cant say with certainty when I will leave for Spain. (for sure/certain)37. instruct: v. 命令命令;指示指示;教导教导v Mr

20、. Green instructed his dog to beat the man. 38. responsible: 有责任的有责任的;负责的负责的 be responsible for: 对对负责任负责任v We will be responsible for your meals. 39. construct: v. 建设建设;修建修建 (build) construction: n. 建设建设;建筑物建筑物 be under construction: 在建设中在建设中 China Construction Bank: 中国建设银行中国建设银行 1)They will constru

21、ct/build a freeway between the two cities. 2)Our dormitory is under construction. 40. contribute: v. 捐献捐献;贡献贡献;捐助捐助 contribute to/towards: 向向捐助捐助 1)She contributed $10000 to the school. 2)Are you willing to contribute? 41. apart from: 除了除了之外之外;此外此外 (包含或不包含包含或不包含) besides but/except besides: 除了除了(还有还

22、有) (常和常和 other, also, more连用。连用。) but = except: 除了除了(不包含不包含) (常和常和 all, every, no-等连用。等连用。)1)I have nothing apart from the clothes in the box. (but/except)2)Apart from reading, he has a lot of other hobbies.fireworkchartchart43. chart: 图表图表44. creative: adj. 有创造力的有创造力的; 创造性的创造性的;独创的独创的 create: v. 创建

23、创建;创作创作;创造创造 1)He is a creative author. 2)This is a creative design.45. co-operative: 合作的合作的;协作的协作的 Co-operative study is very important to the students.46. positive: 积极地积极地;肯定的肯定的;确实的确实的;乐观的乐观的 negative: 消极的消极的;否定的否定的 subjective: 主观的主观的 objective: 客观的客观的 1)We must take positive action to handle the

24、 problem. 2)She is positive about her new job.47. be strict with sb. (in sth.): 对对(人人)严格严格 be strict in sth.: 对对(事情事情)严谨严谨1)Parents must be strict with their children. 2)We should be strict in all our work.48. Nicolaus Copernicus:尼古拉尼古拉哥白尼哥白尼 (1473-1543. An astronomer. Poland.)40岁时，哥白尼提出了日心说。他的 “日心说

25、”沉重地打击了教会的宇宙观。他是欧洲文艺复兴时期的一位巨人。哥白尼遗骨于2010年5月22日在波兰弗龙堡大教堂重新下葬。 49. revolutionary: adj. 革命的革命的;重大变革的重大变革的 n. 革命者革命者;改革者改革者 revolution: n. 革命革命;变革变革 reform: v./n. 改革改革;变革变革1)He was a revolutionary leader.2)A revolutionary does not fear death.3)Simple as it sounds, its a revolutionary idea.50. movement:

26、n. 移动移动;运动运动;动作动作;转动转动 move: v. 运动运动;移动移动;搬动搬动 1)It is a revolutionary movement. 2)She was so badly injured that the slightest movement was painful. 51. make sense: 讲得通讲得通;有意义有意义;明智的明智的 make no sense: 讲不通讲不通;无意义无意义v This sentence doesnt make sense. = This sentence makes no sense.52. backward(s): adj./adv. 向后向后;相反相反;退步退步 forward(s): 向前向前v Youll have to run backward/forward.53. loop: n. 圈圈;环环 circle: n. 圈圈;环环;圆形圆形;圈子圈子 54. privately: 私下地