人教版英语必修五笔记

1、Unit 1 Great scientists教学目的和要求（Teaching aims and demands）类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题How to organize scientific research；contribution of scientists词汇engine characteristic radium theory scientific examine repeatconclude conclusion analyse defeat attend expose cure absorbcontrol severe valuable pump pub blame imme

2、diately additionhandle link announce instruct virus construction contributepositive strict movement god God backward complete cautiousspin enthusiastic reject view词组、短语steam engine put forward draw a conclusion in additionlink . to . apart from （be）strict with make sensepoint of view lead to功能描述人物（D

3、escribing people：characteristics and qualities）How will I recognize you? You can recognize me because .What will you wear? I will wear a .What do you look like? What special features do you have?Im tall/short, fat/thin, young/old . How will I know you?I have large/small, brown/green/black eyes with

4、.语法过去分词作定语和表语（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）So many thousands of terrified people died.（Attribute）But he became inspired when he .（Predicative）随堂练习1、Fill in the following from according to the history.Inventions or discoveriesInventors or discoverers1.Who invented the firs

5、tmodern steam engine?James Watt, British（1736-1819）2.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie, Polish and French（1867-1934）3.Who invented a lamp to keepminers safe underground?Thomas Edison, American（1874-1931）4.Who invented the earliestinstrument to tell peoplewhere earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng, Chines

6、e（87-139）5. Who invented paper?Cai Lun（Chinese）2、Fill in the chart after reading the passage.Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The causeIdea 1：strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.Idea 2：people absorbed the disease with their m

7、eals.The methodCollect data from the next cholera attack to testtheories. Try to prove which method was correct.The resultsHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 1 or 2? Why?Idea 2 because the data showed a connection with thewater.The conclusionJohn Snow was able to defeat choler

8、a once its cause wasknown.2、Read the passage again and answer these questions.Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar tocholera today? Why?Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are bothvery serious, have an unknown cause and need publi

9、c health care to solve them.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that clearlyrelated cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside thearea to the polluted water.Do you think John Snow would

10、have solved this problem without the map? Givea reason.No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify thosehouseholds that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. Heidentified those that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence cl

11、early pointed to the polluted water being the cause.课堂笔记1、John Snow was a well-known doctor in Londonso famous, indeed, that he attendedQueen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确太盛名了，以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时，都是他去照料，使女王顺利分娩。ease vt.&vi.使（痛苦忧虑）减轻；缓和，减轻 n.安逸；轻松at ease轻松的；自由自在地（=rel

12、axedly） with ease轻易地（=easily）The news that her son passed the exam eased her mind.（vt.）她听到儿子通过考试的消息便安心了。He says that the headache has eased.（vi.）他说头痛减轻了。He answered the question with great ease.（n.）他轻易地回答了那个问题。（问题简单）He answered the question at great ease.他轻松自如地回答了那个问题。（放松的状态）2、But he became inspired

13、 when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed tocholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，就感到很振奋。exposed to暴露；受到风险或威胁 expose vt.使暴露Dont expose yourself to the sun too long, or youll get sunburned.别在太阳下晒得太久，否则你会被晒伤的。The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。The newspaper exposed the o

14、fficer as a spy.报纸将那军官的间谍身份揭发了出来。3、The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着。suggest有两个意思，“建议”或“暗示，表明，意味着”。当“建议”讲时，从句的谓语是should+动词原形，should可以省略。He suggested that we （should）do more reading in our spare time.他建议我们在业余时间多读书。The smile on his face suggeste

15、d he was very pleased with my answer.他脸上的笑容表明他对我的回答很满意。suggest当“建议”讲时，另一个用法是：suggest sb doing sth以上的第一个例句可改为：He suggested us doing more reading in our spare time.4、The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies withtheir meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb . in/into .吸收；吸引H

16、e was absorbed in the book and noticed nothing around.他全神贯注于书本，对周围的事全然不知。The big company gradually absorbed these small companies into its ownorganization.这家大公司渐渐地把一些小公司吞并了。This kind of paper absorbs ink easily.这种纸容易吸墨水。5、It seemed the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。be+动词不定式表示“预定、义务、可能、命令”的意思。The Frenc

17、h President is to visit Japan.（=be about to do）法国总统将到日本访问。You are to be back by 9 oclock.（=should/ought to/must）你必须在9点以前回家。You broke the young tree. You are to blame.（=must）你把这棵小树弄断了，该你负责。6、Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the followingphrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语

18、。apart from“除之外”，这个介词短语有两个意思，一方面它相当besides，inaddition to；另外还有except或except for的意思。What do you learn apart from English?（=besides）除英语外，你还学什么？In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London.（=besides）此外，他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例。All the children like music apart from Bobby.（=except）除了博比之外所有的

19、孩子都喜欢音乐。Apart from a few spelling mistakes, this composition is good.（=except for）这篇作文还不错，只不过有几个拼写错误。7、Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led tothe same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地区不是太阳系的中心。l

20、ead to引起；导致；造成。其后要接名词。His wisdom and hard work led to his success.他的智慧与勤劳导致他的成功。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。（谚语）相关链接（后接名词或v.-ing）：look forward to盼望；期待 pay attention to注意 be used to习惯devote to贡献；奉献 get down to着手 refer to参阅；指的是stick to坚持 object to反对 belong to属于语法：The Past Participle（1）as the Predic

21、ative & Attribute（过去分词作表语或定语）规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。过去分词的用法用法例句定语：过去分词如单用，一般放在名词的前面；如是分词短语，要放在名词的后面。1.Many thousands of terrified people died every time therewas an outbreak.2.Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples

22、 health.3.This is one of the houses built last year.4.We were given printed question papers.表语1.He got interested in the two theories explaining howcholera killed people.2.You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt.3.He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinarypeople.练习1、Look at

23、 the following sentences where the past participle is used.EXAMPLE：So many thousands of terrified people died.（Attribute）Now find two more examples in the reading passage.1 Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.2 John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street.EXAMPLE：But he became

24、 inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.（Predicative）Now find two more examples in the reading passage.1 He got interested in the two theories.2 Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.2、Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle as the Attribut

25、ePast Participle as the Predicative1 terrified people1 people who are terrified2 reserved seats2 seats which are reserved3 polluted water3 water that is polluted4 a crowded room4 a room that is crowded5 a pleased winner5 a winner who is pleased6 astonished children6 children who look astonished7 a b

26、roken vase7 a vase that is broken8 a closed door8 a door that is closed9 the tired audience9 the audience who feel tired10 a trapped animal10 an animal that is trapped3、Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.He got blamed about losing the money.Why do you always look so

27、tired? Do you sleep well these days?I was disappointed with the film I saw last night. I had expected itto be better.Everybody was shocked/depressed to hear the death of the famous filmstar.The children are really excited about going to the zoo.His wound became infected with a new virus.重点词汇1、put fo

28、rward提出；把往前拔It is said that they will put forward a new plan at the meeting.据说他们将在会议上提出新的计划。Mywatch lost five minutes. I have to put it forward.我的手表慢了5分钟，我只好往前拨。2、analyze vt.分析You should analyze the cause of your failure so that you can succeed next time.你应该分析你失败的原因，以便下次成功。3、severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严格的My

29、 father is very severe with/on me.（=strict）我父亲对我很严格。They are suffering from a severe shortage of water.（=serious）他们苦于严重缺水。4、handle n.柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵She handled a difficult argument skillfully.（=deal with）她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.假如你要孩子们信任你，就要对他们和气些。This moto

30、rcar handles well.这辆摩托车很好驾驶（操作）。5、make sense有意义；讲得通This sentence doesnt make any sense.这个句子讲不通。What he said at the meeting doesnt make any sense.他在会上的讲话没什么意义。6、cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n.小心；谨慎 vt.警告He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.（=be careful）当他骑自行车的时候，他很小心。The schoolboy are more c

31、autious not to make any mistakes in spelling than everbefore.男学生们在拼写时比以前更加小心，以避免发生错误。The policeman cautioned the prisoners not to play any tricks.（=warn）警察正式告诫罪犯不要耍花招。Unit 2 The United Kingdom教学目的和要求（Teaching aims and demands）类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Countries of the United Kingdom；Union Jack；famous sites in

32、London词汇unite kingdom consist divide puzzle debate clarify relationlegal convenience attraction collection construct influenceproject arrange wedding fold sightseeing available delighttower royal uniform splendid statue communism thrill potunfair smart suggestion tense consistent error词组、短语consist o

33、f divide . into break away（from） leave outtake the place of break down功能1.语言交际困难（Language difficulties in communication）Can you speak more slowly, please? I beg your pardon? Pardon?What did you mean by .? I didnt understand .Im sorry, but could you repeat that?Excuse me. Im afraid I cant follow you.

34、2.空间（Space: position, direction, distance）Wales was linked to .The middle zone is called .The zone nearest . is called .England is divided into three zones.England and Wales were joined to/connected .语法过去分词作宾语补足语（The Past Participle as the Object Complement）. the three countries found themselves uni

35、ted peacefully . he had them killed while they were asleep.随堂练习1、Fill in the blanks with proper words.As you know, the United Kingdom is made up of four countries. They are England,Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing toLondon Heathrow Airport if you take a di

36、rect flight. It is the Prime Ministertogether with his most important ministers who rules the country. The provincesin England are called countries. The River Thames is the longest river in England.2、Read the passage and answer the questions.The Union Jack flag units the three flags of three countri

37、es in the UnitedKingdom. Which country is left out? Why?The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.What three countries does British Airways represent?England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.Which group of invaders did not influence London?The Vikings did not influence

38、 London.3、Look at the map of England and Wales. Divide it into three parts. Draw lines acrossto show the zones of the South, Midlands and North of England. Now put each townor city into its correct zone.North：Leeds, York, Sheffield, ManchesterMidlands：Coventry, BirminghamSouth：Reading, London, Brigh

39、ton, Plymouth4、Divide the passage into three parts and write down the main idea of each part.Part 1：what England includes；about Great Britain；the UK.Part 2：the geographical division of England into zones；their similarities anddifferences.Part 3：the cultural importance of London.Use the information t

40、o write a short summary of the passage.Possible summary：The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrativeunit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why Londonbecame the cultural capital of England.课堂笔记1、How many countries does the UK consist of?英国由几个部分构成？con

41、sist of由构成 consist vi.This is a big school, consisting of 56 classes.=This is a big school, which consists of 56 classes.=This school is very big, made up of 56 classes.这个学校很大，由56个班组成。The world consists of seven continets and four oceans.=The world is made up of seven continets and four oceans.世界由七大

42、洲四大洋组成。2、There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describethe four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.对于用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语，现在已经没有争论的必要了。debate vi.&vt.&n.争辩debate about sth=debate sth为而争论=discuss/argue about sthdebate+从句 讨论（考虑）

43、是否The government is debating the education laws.=The government is debating about the education laws.政府正在就教育法进行辩论。We must debate（about）the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他会员讨论这个问题。He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.他在考虑去散步或者去访友。3、To their surprise, the three c

44、ountries found themselves united peacefully insteadof by war.于是这三个国家惊奇地发现他们是和平地而没有通过战争联合在一起。find sb/sth done（doing）发现某人（物）处于某种状态。此处的done/doing作宾语sb/sth的补足语（即宾补）。When he came back home, he found everything changed.（横线部分为简单句）=When he came back home, he found that everything had been changed.（横线部分为简单句）

45、当他回家时，他发现一切都变了。Entering the room, I found a cat sitting on the table.（横线部分为简单句）=Entering the room, I found that a cat was sitting on the table.（横线部分为复合句）走进房间，我发现一只猫坐在桌上。练习When I went out, I found a young boy C under the tree.A lied B lain C lying D laying4、However, just as they were going to get Ire

46、land connected to form the UnitedKingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.然而，正当他们打算把爱尔兰也联合起来组建联合王国的时候，爱尔兰的南部却分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。break away（from）挣脱The thief broke away from the policeman and run away.小偷挣脱警察后逃跑了。Nowadays many farmers want to break away from the cou

47、ntryside and make a livingin cities.现在许多农民都想离开农村到城里谋生。练习台湾不应该脱离大陆。Taiwan should not break away from the Mainland.5、England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is dividedroughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致可以分为三个地区。divide into分开；分作 be divided into被分为（分作）A year is

48、 divided into twelve mouths. 一年分为十二个月。Lets divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。相关链接：divided by除以15 divided by 3 is（gives/equals）5. 15除以3等于5。练习、98除以2等于49。98 divided by 2 is 49.6、All of the words below can take place of said .下面所有这些词都可以替代saidtake the place of sb=take ones place替代某人take pla

49、ce发生Mr. Smith is ill, so I will take his place today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will take the place of him today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will teach you in place of him today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will teach you instead of him today.史密斯先生病了，所以我今天替他教你们。This took place a century ago.这件事发生在一个世纪以前。练习My wa

50、tch is out of order and I want to buy a new one to D.A take place B take ones place C take the place D take its place7、On my way to the station my car broke down.去车站的路上，我的车坏了。break down（机器、车辆）坏了；（计划等）受挫；（人身体）出毛病。均不用被动语态。The TV has broken down again.电视机又出故障了。You will break down if you overwork every

51、day.如果你每天超负荷地工作，身体会累垮的。Without your help our plan would break down.要是没有你的帮助，我们的计划就失败了。语法：The Past Participle（2）as the Object Complement（过去分词作宾语补足语）关于宾语补足语，先看以下一组句子：I found the boy very clever.（形容词作宾补）We call him our monitor.（名词作宾补）Mother made me wash the clothes again.（动词原形作宾补）We found a lot of home

52、work to do.（动词不定式作宾补）We saw the boy running out.（现在分词作宾补）She found her bicycle stolen.（过去分词作宾补）英语中的宾语补足语（简称宾补）用来补充说明宾语。过去分词表示被动或完成，作宾补的时候要把握好这一点。（以上第5句为主动，第6句为被动）练习1、Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage?Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.In this se

53、ntence the past participle is used as the object complement andis formed with have/get/find/ . + object + past participle.Please find three more sentences from the reading passage with pastparticiple used as the object complement.Now, when anyone refers to England you find Wales included as well.So

54、to their surprise the three countries found themselves united . they were going to get Ireland connected to the other three .2、Complete the sentences by using the words in brackets and the structurehave/get/find something done.We have got the house mended（the house/mend）now.You look different today.

55、 Have you had your hair cut（you/your hair/cut）?Do you want to have the dictionary delivered（the dictionary/deliver）to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it?A: Could I have a look at the photographs you took when you were in Europe?B: Sorry, I havent had the film developed（not/the film/develop）yet.On my way to the station my car broke down. When I got to the repair shopI found it closed（it/close）.The computer doesnt seem to work well. Youd better get it repaired（it/repair）.Jill and Eric got all their money stolen（all t