pep英语必修2课件_Unit5MusicGrammar

1、宁夏隆德县中学宁夏隆德县中学 甘占祖甘占祖1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在它所修饰的先行词之后。（一）定义（一）定义2.先行词：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。3.关系词：关系词： 引导定语从句的词称为关系词引导定语从句的词称为关系词,可分可分为关系代词和关系副词为关系代词和关系副词.关系词主要有关系代词和关系副词关系词主要有关系代词和关系副词关系代词主要有关系代词主要有: that, which, who, whom, whose,

2、as等等关系副词有关系副词有: when, where, why关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句引导定语从句； B.代替先行词代替先行词； C.在定语从句中充当一个成分。在定语从句中充当一个成分。 例如例如:The person who is shaking hands with my teacher is a policeman.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 用以指人，在定语从句中用作主语。The students who are playing basketball are from Class Two.Those

3、who want to go to the museum must sign your name here.2. whom 用以用以指人，在定语从句指人，在定语从句中做极物动词或介词的宾语中做极物动词或介词的宾语,常可常可省略。省略。例如例如: Mrs Liu is the woman ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Mary is just the girl ( whom ) I want to see.The person ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.The student ( whom ) the

4、 teacher often praises is our monitor.注意：注意：关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。来代替，也可省略。The woman ( whom / who ) you met just now is my English teacher.3. which 指代事物，在定语从指代事物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。常可省略。 例如例如: Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys.The factor

5、y which makes bikes is far away from here. 4that 指代人时，相当于指代人时，相当于 who 或或 whom；指代事物时，相当于指代事物时，相当于which,在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，作在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to this city each year reaches one million.再如再如: Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?The person that /wh

6、om you introduced to me is very kind.The season that / which comes after spring is summer.5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 注意：注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替指物时，常用下列结构来代替.The classroom whose d

7、oor is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.（三）三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的引导的定语从句定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由语时，从句常常由“介词介词+ +关系代关系代词词”引出。引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is

8、very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. 注意：注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：如：look for, look after, take care of 等。等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. .若介词放在

9、关系代词前，关若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom，不不可用可用who, that；关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. .“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可前还可有有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deep

10、ly, both of whom are very kind tohim. （四）关系副词引导的定语从句（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when 指时间，在定语从句中指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.2. where 指地点，在定语从句指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. I visited t

11、he farm where a lot of cows were raised .The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：关系副词引导的

12、定语从关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用句经常可以用“介词介词+ +关系代关系代词词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。 From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. （五）限制性定语从句和非限（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不

13、完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A作宾语时可省略B不可省略C可用that D不用thatE可用who 代替 whom F不可用who 代替 whom注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。） Her brother, who is now a soldie

14、r, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）（一）限制性定语从句中只能用（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除除外外), all, none, few, little, some等等代词时，或当先行词受代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰时。 注意：注意：

15、当先行词指人时，偶尔当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词也可用关系代词who， All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding wereimportant people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰当先行词被形容词最高级修饰 时。时。This is the best

16、 film that I have ever seen. 4当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thingthat he owns.注意注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting. 5.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who, which

17、等疑问代词时等疑问代词时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.6.当先行词为人与动物或人与当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。物时。 They talked about the persons and things that theyremembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up thestreet. （二）关系代词（二）关系代词as和和which 引引导的定语从句导

18、的定语从句as 和和which 引导非限制性定语从引导非限制性定语从句时，句时， 其用法有相同之处，也其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是有不同之处。具体情况是 1. as 和和which都可以在定语从句都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。个句子。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。甚至还可以分割主句。 which引引导的非限制性定语从句只可放导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，在主句之后。另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含义

19、。的含义。As is known to all, China is a developing country.注意：注意：当主句和从句之间存当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.3.当先行词受当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，修饰时，关系词常用关系词常用as。Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：注意：当先行词受当先行词受the same 修饰时，修饰时，偶尔也用偶尔也用 that引导定