职称英语真题-理工类A级2005年

1、2005 年职称英语考试理工类 (A 级)第 1 部分：词汇选项(第 1 15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 )1 These are their motives for doingit A. reasonsB. excusesC. answersD. plans 2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west A. twistsB. stretchesC. broadensD. bends 3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugsA. abuseB. flavorC. temptati

2、onD. consumption 4 These programmes are of immense value to old peopleA. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA. maintainB. improveC. assessD. protect 6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA. cooperatingB. competingC. combiningD. argui

3、ng 7 He is determined to conso1idate his powerA. strengthenB. controlC. abandonD. exercise 8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems A. solvingB. exploringC. settlingD. handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits A. removedB. curedC. worsenedD

4、. relieved 10 Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA. functionsB. faultsC. motionsD. parts11 The food is insufficient for three people A. instantB. infiniteC. inexpensiveD. inadequate 12 Thousands of people perished in the stormA. diedB. sufferedC. floatedD. scattered 13 But

5、in the end he approved of our proposal A. undoubtedlyB. certainlyC. ultimatelyD. necessarily 14 For young children ， getting dressed is a complicated business A. strangeB. complexC. personalD. funny15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of managementA. evaluationB. pruduction

6、C. efficiencyD. publicity第 2 部分：阅读判断 (第 1 6 22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分 ) Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the madscientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics boffin (科学家

7、)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects 98 percent of those asked got it wrong The majority of people picked a white male of around 60 ， wearing glasses and with a white beard While

8、 this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago， thereality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time beca

9、use the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboardsfull of equations(等式 )or working with fizzing( 嘶嘶响 )test tubesThese stereotypes are reallydamaging to society Very good school children are put off studying science because they don t see

10、people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science They simply don t relate to the medias image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we wantto encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to chang

11、e this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also develop children s interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image， an increasing number of science festivals are being organized Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to

12、take part in the internationwidescience competitionsof whichthe most popular are the national science Olympiads.Winningnational teams then get the opportunity totake part in the InternationalScience Olympiads which are held in a different county every year. These events are all interesting for the y

13、oung people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomesattractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design. 16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist

14、 looks like.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduatesA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention18 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientistA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention19 There will be more women scientists

15、 than men scientists in the futureA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractiveA. RightB. WrongC. Not mention21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention22 The International Science Olympiads are h

16、eld once every two years A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23 30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分 ) Cloning( 克隆 )： FuturePerfect1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clonea sheep named Dolly in 1997 ，rese

17、arch into cloning has grownrapidly In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves( 牛犊 )using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully， Butthe debate over cloninghumans really started when Chicago physicistRichard Seed made a surprising announcement

18、 ：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，” he told the world 2 Seed S announcement provoked a lot of media attention ， most of it negative In Europe ， nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloningand in the US the President announced：” We wil

19、l be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning ， They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important researchIn March ，The New England Journal

20、of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloninghumans seriously mistakenMany researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it ，human cloningwillhave become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science 4 Is there reason to fear that cloningwilllead to a

21、nightmare world?The public has been bombarded(轰炸 )with newspaper articles ，television shows and films ，as well as cartoonsSuch informationis often misleading ， and makes people wonder whaton earth the scientists willbe doing next Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found

22、a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our childto look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners askPretty cool, answer the pr-cloners( 赞成克隆的人 )第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 31 45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)第一篇 More Than a Ride to

23、SchoolThe National Education Association claims “The school bus is a mirror of the community ” They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community They are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson.Riding the schoo

24、l bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl Bruce Hardy school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl s bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesl s family moved to Parkesburg ，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same busThis year Liesl is

25、a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus She says，”It s been agreat ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have

26、 to say and makes you feel important ” Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975.Thisyear he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company ，Larry Althouse ，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy s ou

27、tstanding record ：“ You do not come by employees likeBruce these days. He has never missed a day ofworkand has a perfect drivingrecord He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the rel

28、ationships he has made with the students that ride his bus ”Althouse further adds，“Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has beenprovidingqualitytransportationever since Mygrandfather started thebusiness withone bus Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring d

29、istinctive and safe service to our local school and communityand looks forwardto continuingto provide quality service for many more years to come ”Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed Thanks to drivers like BruceHardy， they have been building relationships through generat

30、ions， Liesl s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy s bus to the Octorara School District 31 The word “ mirror in the first line could be best replaced byA“ vehicle” B“device” C“ need”D“reflection ”32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company Afor 30 yearsBfor 70

31、yearsCsince last yearDsince 200033 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? AHe is popular with his passengersBHe has never missed a day of work CHe is an impatient personDHe has driven 350.000 accident free miles 34 Althouse Bus Company was founded byALarry AlthouseBAlthouse s

32、grandfatherCLiesl s motherDAshley Batista 35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention toAemploying young driversBrunning quality schoolsCproviding free driving lessonsDbuilding sound relationships第二篇A Phone That Knows You re BusyIt s a modern problem：youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant( 连续不断

33、的 )phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don t remember to turn it back on when youre less busy you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn t have to turn it off at all. Instead ，it could let calls through when you are not

34、toobusyA bunch of behavior sensors( 传 感 器 )and a clever piece of software could do just that， by analyzing your behavior to determine if it s a good time to interrupt you If built into a phone ， the system may decide you re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later James Foga

35、rty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based theirsystemoiltinymicrophones ， cameras and touch sensors that reveal bodylanguage and activity First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.The potential “

36、busyness” signals they focused on included whether the office doors were leftopen or closed，the time of day ，if other people were with the person in question ，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use The sensors monitored these and many other factors whilefoursub

37、jects were at work .At random intervals ，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“ highly interruptible to“ highly not interruptible ” . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors .“It is a shotgun( 随意的 )approach ：we used all the indicators we could t

38、hink of andthen let statistics find out which were important，” says Hudson.The model showed that using the keyboard ， and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to beInterestingly ，the computer was actuall

39、y better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted .The computer got it right82 per cent ofthe time，humans 77 percentFogarty speculates that this might be because people doing theinterrupting areinevitably biased towards delivering their message ， whereas computers dont c

40、areThe first application for Hudson and Fogarty s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system ，followed by office phones and cellphones “ There is no technological roadblock( 障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years ，” says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must

41、 tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone D they are too busy to make phone calls37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone A could help store messagesB c

42、ould send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD could identify important phone calls 38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A why office doors were often 1eft open B when it was a good time to turn off the computerC what questions office workers were

43、bothered with D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy 39 During the experiment ， the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the cameraB to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted C to compare their behaviors with others .D to analyze all the indicators of interrup

44、tion 40 The computer performed better than people in the study because A the computer worked harder B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biasedD people were not good at statistics 第三篇The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty

45、 scene with blue water ，birds ，and fish For the people in the northwestern Cameroon ，however, the image is very different.For them ， lakes may mean terrible disasters.In 1984 ， poisonous gases exploded out ofLake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killingthirty seven people Two years late

46、r,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys andkilled 1,700 people Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater( 火山口 )lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not activeanymore.However, p

47、oisonous gases fromthe center of the earth continue to flowup through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes， these gasesare released often because the waterturns over regularly That is ，the water from the bottom ofthe lake rises and mixes with the wa

48、ter at the top ， allowing the gases to escape slowly However ， in Lakes Nyos and Monoun ， there is no regular turning over No one knows the reason for this fact ， but as a result ， these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact ，scientists who have studied Lakes Ny

49、os and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gasesWhen a strong wind ，cool weather a storm ，or a landslide(滑坡 )causes the water to turn over suddenly ， the gases escape in a violent explosionIn the past，no one knew when the gases might explode ，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster.

50、Now scientists from the United States ， France， and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake ，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air Near the top of the pipe ，the team p

51、ut several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer Now ， when the gas pressure gets too high， the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain With less pressure ，a disastrous explosion is much less likely However,the scientists

52、 are not sure that one pipe willbe enough to prevent explosions They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place the scientists have installed earlywarning systems at both

53、 lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level ，computers will set off loud sirens( 警报 )and bright lights to warn the people in the villages That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?A Water will flow down the h

54、illsB Poisonous gases will be released suddenly CA strong wind will rise from the lakesDThe volcanoes will come to life 42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A They were formed in 1984 B They are at the top of two active volcanoes CThey are not like most other

55、crater lakes DWater in them turns over regularly 43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because Athe gases rise to the top and mix with air B people from the villages turn over the water C scientists have put in a computer system D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes 44

56、A team of scientists hasA erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake B identified the gases at the bottom of the lake C built a beautiful fountain near the lakesD removed all dangerous gases from the lakes45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?AScientists are planning to install pipes in all

57、 crater lakes BScientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions CExplosion disasters could be avoided in the futureDWarning systems have been set up in the villages nearby第 5 部分：补全短文(第 46 50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分 ) Every Dog Has Its SayKimiko Fukuda ， a Japanese gir，lalways wondered what her dog was trying to say .Whenever she put on makeup,i