新人教版八年级下册英语语法总结

1、 Review of Units 1-5Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法 二、情态动词should的用法 一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？ Are you OK?你没事吧？ Is

2、there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. 某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 某部位+hurt(s). 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位。 (There is)something wrong with ones+身体部位 二 情态动词should的用法 1Should为情态动词，意

3、为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。2Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。【拓展】在英语中，表示建议：Would you like (to do) sth？= feel like doing 想要愿意（做）某事吗？ Shall I/we do sth ?做好吗？ Why not do sth ?= why dont you do sth ?为什么不呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ Lets do sth让我们做吧。 。 had better (not

4、) do sth最好（不）要做某事。 Unit 2 Ill help clean up the city parks 动词不定式A. 作主语B. 作宾语C. 作（后置）定语D. 作宾语补足语E. 动词不定式作状语 F. 固定句式A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. B.作宾语动词want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,pre

5、pare，等后常接动词不定式作宾语。常用形式：V.+todosth.C. 作（后置）定语常用形式：have/hassth.to doenough名词to doIts time to do sth.D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call，等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语常用形式：tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)三让(let, make, have)五看(look at, s

6、ee, watch, notice，observe)半帮助(help)E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构: too + adj./adv. + to do sth.F. 固定句式had better (not) do sth.Would you like to do sth.?Why not do sth.?Would you please (not) do sth.?Unit 3 Could you please clean y

7、our room?Could you please.?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型.用could在语气上更委婉、客气、诚恳。 （2）对could you/I.?的问句作出回答 肯定：sure/certainly/of course 否定：sorry或oh,please dont （3）表示请求的句式： Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Lets do. Shall I/we do.? Please do.(祈使句前加please) 比较：could you please.和 could I Please.前者是请求别人帮忙后者是有礼

8、貌地向别人请求允许Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?怎么样？ Youd better (not) do something.最好（不）做某事 Would you like sth ?想要Lets do sth? What should I do ? 二、until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：1.在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，表示“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动

9、词。如果主句用否定式，表示“直到才”, 谓语动词可用短暂性动词。 2.so that引导目的状语从句（“为了，以便”）3.although相当于though（“尽管，虽然”），引导让步状语从句。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？ 过去进行时结构：was/were(not)+动词-ing 比较：一般过去时VS过去进行时用法的:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。区别 ：when&while 1.由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句

10、应用一般过去时；2.由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。3.如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。eg: the teacher came in, we were talking. we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing we were dancing. whenwhilewhilePracticing TimeReview of Units 6-10Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unl

11、ess引导条件状语从句 2.as soon as引导时间状语从句3. so.that引导结果状语从句 1. unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if not 除非，若不 eg:They will go tomorrow unless it rains. =2. as soon as引导时间状语从句 （就） They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.eg:Hewillcomeandseeyouassoonashecan.3. so.that引导结果状语从句 句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句eg:The wind was so

12、 strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 eg:It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 eg:He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 eg:I had so little money that I couldnt

13、buy a pen. Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world? 形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级句型：1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样 注意：只能修饰原级的词有very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等 2.Aisnotas/so+原级+asB表示A不如B（二）比较级句型 1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 2.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the

14、moon？ 3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越“ 注意：加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越 4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+”表示“A是两者中较的”。6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)“表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“A最”。Eg.TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChin

15、a.（三）最高级常用句型结构 1“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. . 2“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一” eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg: He is the best student in my cla

16、ss He is my best friend. 3“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，orC？”用于三者以上eg:Whichisthebiggest?Themoon,thesunortheearth?4.“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”表示是第几大（）eg:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化 规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est;eg:tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st;eg:nice-n

17、icer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est;eg:heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，eg.big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级;eg:slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worstmany/muc

18、h more mostlittleless least far farther farthest further furthestold older Oldest(无血缘关系的)elder eldest（有血缘关系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.现在完成时1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（与since+过去

19、的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ago,sofar等时间状语连用）3）基本结构及句型转换：肯定句：主语+have/has+done否定句：主语+have/has+not+done一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done现在完成时的标志常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。 eg: Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework. for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 时

20、间 段+ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。 eg: They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了还没回来（强调动作）Eg.：-Where is your father？ -He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过已经回来 Eg.：My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：待了多久（强调持续状态） Eg.：My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago. 【注意】短暂性动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用， 需要改变动词。begin(start)beonleavebeaway(fro