第四章矿石及半产品的真空蒸馏(2013)

1、1 234图图4-1 氧化物的蒸气压与温度的关系氧化物的蒸气压与温度的关系5678 与氧化物和硫化物相与氧化物和硫化物相比，氯化物具有强的挥比，氯化物具有强的挥发性。多种氯化物的沸发性。多种氯化物的沸点只有几百点只有几百K，所以利，所以利用它们的挥发性应更为用它们的挥发性应更为有利。有利。 91011金精矿金精矿AsSCFeSiO2Al2O3CaOMgOCuZnPbAu/g t-1Ag/ g t-13.556.35179.742.714.81.461.120.080.330.0840-6.012.022.512.831.010.81.60.20.25-100-6.311.616.715.330

2、.510.91.70.90.470.130.0870305.9414.3413.3814.6432.611.331.650.860.2-66-5.4613.916.612.329.09.530.760.950.3-82.5-11.626.1-27.027.04.02.14-0.220.20.3432.0-4.2642.8-42.76.96-1.351.21-61.042.0121314实验条件实验条件残渣残渣 /%砷挥发率砷挥发率 /%温度温度/ K生产力生产力/ kg d-1产出率产出率含砷量含砷量107310.595.72.3559.7117310.588.41.4079.41073159

3、7.03.1749.311731592.52.1866.112031588.30.4493.5122332.291.31.5076.9127332.287.90.4892.915实验条件实验条件残渣残渣 / %砷挥发率砷挥发率 / %温度温度/ K*生产力生产力/ t (m2 d)-1产出率产出率含砷含砷9734.888.04.0543.010735.285.01.678.411735.084.00.4793.711734.084.00.1298.412733.084.00.0799.0107314.685.92.466.710737.985.02.0971.710735.285.01.678

4、.410734.485.00.7390.010734.085.00.494.611332.584.00.3295.711332.584.00.2796.411336.085.00.791.016物料物料SbAu/g t-1AgAsFeSCPbCuZnSiO2CaOAl2O3MgO金金-锑块锑块 状精矿状精矿6037-0.250.120.8-18.7-金金-锑矿锑矿22.4210.0010.62.28.284.50.050.010.0153.1-5.30.3锑浮选精锑浮选精矿矿28.41-0.457.4618.5-37.533.584.140.7锑块状精锑块状精矿矿29.2-0.661.911.

5、4-0.210.130.255.350.640.651.9171819202122实验条件实验条件锑在挥发物锑在挥发物中的收率中的收率 / %温度温度/K时间时间/ min残压残压/kPa料量料量/kg生产力生产力 / t (m2 d)-1923300.6671012.071.0973790.820.06.593.01023901.7330.08.794.351073471.4710.07.895.01123951.7330.08.698.21173851.4730.09.397.21273951.7335.09.698.023242526精矿精矿HgSbSSiO2Al2O3FeCaOMgOP

6、bZnAsF11.334.617.422.92.544.34.243.490.30.260.22-27试试 验验 条条 件件残渣含量残渣含量/%挥发率挥发率/%升华渣温度升华渣温度/K残压残压/Pa生产能力生产能力/t (m2 d)-1HgSbHgSb59313.30.30.00336.999.70.962339.90.50.006-99.5-63339.92.00.002-99.83-65339.90.750.007-99.4-65339.90.750.00234.899.8313.265339.91.00.00433.299.6717.265313334.00.00435.1299.632

7、.265313335.00.0135.099.072.771313335.80.00435.299.62271366655.00.0435.596.81.32829物料物料PbZnCuFeSSiO2CaOAl2O3MgO矿物矿物铅精矿铅精矿34.055.470.0918.224.351.222.02.460.81FeS2 40，PbS-40，ZnS-1045.09.32.28.2619.2-PbS-50，ZnS-10，FeS2 -CuFeS2，Cu2S57.653.270.38-PbS-60，FeS2-20，ZnS-549.510.150.079.523.32.150.70.250.443.6

8、9.73.18.818.03.452.031.01.5复合精矿复合精矿10.840.96.026.37-2.3114.73.617.2427.355.6813.460.5321.924.310.59.927.412.80.50.40.3ZnS-40， PbS-30，FeS2-10，Cu2S-514.13.216.155.3112.434.751.54.75铜铜-铅精矿铅精矿23.634.1426.434.9115.28-PbS-30，Cu2S-10，CuS3.722.140.07.018.3220.52.16.60.6Cu2S-25，ZnS-3，Fe2O3 多金属矿多金属矿0.926.71.3

9、632.5941.593.58.70.90.29FeS2，ZnS-57，CuFeS2-23，FeAsS303132333435363738元素元素AsCuSnZnSFeSbPbCaoSiO2MgOA12O3Ag(g/t）含量含量(%)13.49.784.594.229.1428.430.80.35微量微量3.761.291.9766239 由图可见，几种金属挥发的温度有明显的区别。砷在约923K挥发已较完全，在此温度下锡挥发很少。升高温度，锡挥发量增大，至1073K时锡挥发几近完全，而在此温度下锌挥发很少。升高温度到1273K，锌明显挥发，此时银也开始有所挥发。继续升温至锌挥发完全时，银已挥发

10、约50%。40 真空度对金属的挥发也有影响。图4-22中砷在残压改变的范围内（0.15.3kPa）挥发率不变，而锡则在残压小于1.3kPa后有挥发率明显升高之势。 上述情况表明，原料中许多金属都可挥发，而且有可能控制不同的温度以分别挥发某些金属，从而得到不同的挥发冷凝物。 41物料名称物料名称物料重量物料重量/g成分成分 /%挥发率挥发率/ %AsCuSnZnSAgAsSnZnS冷凝物冷凝物6.749.57-4.49-28.12-99.023.5-21.3冷凝物冷凝物1.90.46-46.162.530.77-0.276.44.58.4残渣残渣16.40.1614.490.0746.1131.

11、280.10899.299.24.529.742元素元素CoAsFeNiSCaMgSiO2AuAg含量含量/（%） 9.9656.97.242.100.982.200.735.9013g/t88g/t4344454647元素元素CuPbZnFeSNaAs富集熔炼富集熔炼3514.211.813.023.5-268.76.328.519-返料熔炼返料熔炼30.321.64.89.328.90.7-铅矿熔炼铅矿熔炼17.115.410.323.615.2-连续脱铜连续脱铜55.421.01.61.4180.7-49.526.22.54.5161.0-铜矿熔炼铜矿熔炼437.64.321.221.9

12、-581.61.014.823.6-48495051温度温度/K冰铜冰铜量量/kg加料加料/g min-1单产单产/t (m2 d)-1产渣产渣/kg向下向下盘数盘数冰铜成分冰铜成分/ %铅挥发铅挥发/ %备注备注CuPb1423102206.07.7771.31.195.68层塔层塔268.52.6989.78层塔层塔571.31.5594.38层塔层塔1473253509.6182761.1295.58层塔层塔5760.996.48层塔层塔7760.897.38层塔层617.1464.73.1387.34层塔层312.5466.32.88

13、9.04层塔层416.0467.52.690.54层塔层67.5473.81.8693.44层塔层816.0473.01.6993.64层塔层塔525354序序号号作业时作业时间间/ h蒸发塔蒸发塔温度温度/K残压残压/ kPa冰铜成分冰铜成分 /%数量数量 / kg铅提取铅提取率率 /%CuPbS冷凝物冷凝物处理的冰处理的冰铜铜11.514731.3372.66.616.8946.2190722214931.3373.16.116.752.6225743214981.671.47.117.851.32207041.514731.3372.86.317.545.5185735214730.5375.5416.962.62508362.314730.4076.42.217.350.01709372.514730.2777.31.519.256.51429455冶金过程中的