动词与介词的固定搭配

1、 Unit 16 GrammarI.VocabularyGrammar Language Focus P269Language Focus P269 动词与介词的固定搭配动词与介词的固定搭配 ( (详见例子详见例子) ) 本课介绍一种形式：动词本课介绍一种形式：动词 sb. sb. 介词介词 sth.sth.Language Focus P270Language Focus P270 表达因果关系表达因果关系 本课介绍两种形式：本课介绍两种形式： 1) 1) 介词短语：介词短语：due todue to， because of because of 2) 2) 动词短语：动词短语：lead t

2、olead to， cause/be caused bycause/be caused by 1） 介词短语：介词短语：due to， because of 代词代词/名词名词/动名动名词词/从句从句 due to 表示表示 “因为；由因为；由引起；由于引起；由于”，be due to 作作表语，表语，due to作状语作状语 Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是坏了的食物造成的。她的病是坏了的食物造成的。 He had an accident due to driving at high speed. 他由于高速开车而引起了交通事故。他由于高速开车而引起

3、了交通事故。because of because of 表示表示 “ “因为因为” ”, be because of, be because of作表语，作表语，because ofbecause of作状语作状语 He eats because of greed, not hunger.He eats because of greed, not hunger. 他不是因为饿了他不是因为饿了, ,而是因为贪嘴才吃的。而是因为贪嘴才吃的。 His absence from the meeting is because His absence from the meeting is because

4、 of his illness.of his illness. 他没有出席会议是因为他病了。他没有出席会议是因为他病了。2 2） 动词短语：动词短语：lead tolead to， cause/be caused by cause/be caused by 代词代词/ /名词名词/ /动名词动名词/ /从句从句+lead to +lead to 表示表示 “ “导致，引起导致，引起” ”（主动（主动语态）语态） His remark led to further discussion.His remark led to further discussion. 他的一番话引出进一步的讨论。他的一

5、番话引出进一步的讨论。 The new policies led to disaster.The new policies led to disaster. 这些新政策导致了灾难。这些新政策导致了灾难。cause/be caused by cause/be caused by 表示表示 “ “引起引起, , 惹起惹起, , 使使( (发生发生)” )”（主（主动动/ /被动语态）被动语态） The wound isnt serious, but may cause some The wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort.discom

6、fort. 伤口并不严重伤口并不严重, ,但可能会引起一些不舒适。但可能会引起一些不舒适。 What caused his failure?What caused his failure? 什么使得他失败了什么使得他失败了? ? The flood was caused by the heavy rain.The flood was caused by the heavy rain. 大雨引起了洪水。大雨引起了洪水。 The damage was caused by fire.The damage was caused by fire. 损失是由火灾造成的。损失是由火灾造成的。Language

7、 Focus P275Language Focus P275 情态动词表示劝告情态动词表示劝告 概念：提出建议或给予劝告概念：提出建议或给予劝告 形式：形式：mustmust，shouldshould，ought to ought to 动词原形动词原形 must “must “必须必须, , 应当应当, , 一定一定, , 肯定肯定” ”，语气直接，强硬，语气直接，强硬 I must shut the door, or the rain will come in.I must shut the door, or the rain will come in. 我必须把门关上，不然雨就进来了。我

8、必须把门关上，不然雨就进来了。 Soldiers must obey orders.Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。军人必须服从命令。 We must keep our word.We must keep our word. 我们必须遵守诺言。我们必须遵守诺言。 You must not do it.You must not do it. 你不可以做那件事。你不可以做那件事。 We must tell him.We must tell him. 我们必须告诉他。我们必须告诉他。should should 否定式缩略为否定式缩略为 shouldntshou

9、ldnt表示表示 “ “应该应该” ”， 语气较温和，也可表示强硬语气较温和，也可表示强硬 Children should obey their parents.Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。儿童应该服从他们的父母。 You should send her a note.You should send her a note. 你应该给她留一个条。你应该给她留一个条。 They should arrive at noon.They should arrive at noon. 她应该在中午到达。她应该在中午到达。ought to

10、否定式为否定式为 ought not to 表示表示 “应该，应应该，应当当”， 用法与用法与should 较接近较接近 You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。你应该更努力工作。 You ought to wear a raincoat. 你应该穿件雨衣。你应该穿件雨衣。 You ought to see the picture. 这部影片你去看看才好。这部影片你去看看才好。 One ought not to cross the street against the red light, 人们不该在红灯时过马路。人们不该在红灯时过马路。 VocabularyAc

11、tivity 2 P267 guilty (of) adj. Responsible for a reprehensible act; deserving of blame有有罪的罪的, 应受到谴责的应受到谴责的 He is guilty of a crime. He is guilty of cheating. 他犯了罪他犯了罪, 犯诈骗罪。犯诈骗罪。 Did you notice his guilty looks？ 你注意到他做贼心虚的表情了吗？你注意到他做贼心虚的表情了吗？convictconvict vt. to find or prove (someone) guilty of vt

12、. to find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime, especially by the verdict an offense or crime, especially by the verdict of a courtof a court（常与（常与ofof连用）证明有连用）证明有罪；宣判罪；宣判有有罪罪 The jury convicted the defendant of The jury convicted the defendant of manslaughter.manslaughter. 陪审团判定被告犯有杀人罪陪

13、审团判定被告犯有杀人罪 He was convicted of murder.He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。他被判犯有谋杀罪。pretendpretend（to do/that -to do/that -） v.tr. to represent fictitiously v.tr. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe in play; make believe 伪装；假装，使相信：伪装；假装，使相信： He pretended not to know the facts.He pretend

14、ed not to know the facts. 他佯装不知实情。他佯装不知实情。 He pretended to be reading an important paper He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.when the boss entered. 老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。 He pretended (that) he was ill so that he could He pretended (that) he was ill so t

15、hat he could stay at home.stay at home. 他假装病了以便能待在家里。他假装病了以便能待在家里。 Lets pretend (that) were on the spaceship Lets pretend (that) were on the spaceship orbiting round the earth!orbiting round the earth! 让我们假装是在沿轨道绕地球运转的宇宙飞船上让我们假装是在沿轨道绕地球运转的宇宙飞船上! !commit commit v.tr. to do, perform, or perpetrate: v.

16、tr. to do, perform, or perpetrate: 犯犯（错误、罪）；做（坏事）；作（奸）；（错误、罪）；做（坏事）；作（奸）； 犯犯（法）（法） A robbery was committed last night.A robbery was committed last night. 昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。 He committed a murder.He committed a murder. 他犯了谋杀罪。他犯了谋杀罪。 If you commit a crime you can never If you commit a crime you c

17、an never escape being punished.escape being punished. 你要是犯罪你要是犯罪, ,就逃脱不了要受惩罚。就逃脱不了要受惩罚。sendsend v. to cause to be conveyed by an v. to cause to be conveyed by an intermediary to a destination: intermediary to a destination: 使使被运被运送到目的地送到目的地 It is now being sent to his home by It is now being sent to

18、 his home by train.train. 现在正用火车把它运往他家。现在正用火车把它运往他家。 The judge sent the criminal to prison.The judge sent the criminal to prison. 法官判罪犯入狱。法官判罪犯入狱。 强调句型：强调句型：“ “It +is /was+ It +is /was+ 被强调成分被强调成分+ that (who)+ + that (who)+ 从从句句” ”中，被强调部分提前。中，被强调部分提前。 It was she who had been wrong. It was she who ha

19、d been wrong. 是她错了。是她错了。 It was John and his brother that we met in the It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week.park last week. 上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。 It was in your room that I left my bag. It was in your room that I left my bag. 是在你的房间里我放下了我的包。是在你的房间里我放下了我的包

20、。 It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。 sentence (to) v. to pronounce sentence upon sentence (to) v. to pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged guilty). (one adjudged guilty). 判决，对（被判定有罪判决，对（被判定有罪的人）宣布

21、判决的人）宣布判决 He was sentenced to death.He was sentenced to death. 他被判处死刑。他被判处死刑。 The judge sentenced him to five years in The judge sentenced him to five years in the prison for theft.the prison for theft. 法官判处他盗窃罪入狱五年。法官判处他盗窃罪入狱五年。Activity 10 P274Activity 10 P274avoid (sth./doing)avoid (sth./doing) v.

22、 to keep from happening v. to keep from happening防止发生防止发生 I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他我横穿马路以便避开他, ,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。 To avoid confusion, t

23、he teams wore different To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.colors. 为避免混淆为避免混淆, ,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。 o avoid the city center, we may turn right here and o avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway.take the belt highway. 从这里往右拐走环行道可以避开闹市中心。从这里往右拐走环行道

24、可以避开闹市中心。wake upwake up v. to cease to sleep; become v. to cease to sleep; become awake awake 醒来醒来 Do you wake up feeling tired?Do you wake up feeling tired? 你早晨醒来时感到疲倦吗你早晨醒来时感到疲倦吗? ? I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asle

25、ep.door-bell, but she was fast asleep. 我按了门铃想唤醒我的妻子我按了门铃想唤醒我的妻子, ,但是她睡得很但是她睡得很死。死。switch (on/off) v. to cause (an electric current switch (on/off) v. to cause (an electric current or appliance) to begin or cease operation:or appliance) to begin or cease operation:开开启启, , 使（电流或电器）开始或停止运作使（电流或电器）开始或停止运作 Dont switch the TV on and off.Dont switch the TV on an